Teacher: Journalists who conceal the identity of the sources they quote stake their professional reputations on what may be called the logic of anecdotes. This is so because the statements reported by such journalists are dissociated from the precise circumstances in which they were made and thus will be accepted for publication only if the statements are high in plausibility or originality or interest to a given audience—precisely the properties of a good anecdote.
Student: But what you are saying, then, is that the journalist need not bother with sources in the first place. Surely, any reasonably resourceful journalist can invent plausible, original, or interesting stories faster than they can be obtained from unidentified sources.
17. The student’s response contains which one of the following reasoning flaws?
(A) confusing a marginal journalistic practice with the primary work done by journalists
(B) ignoring the possibility that the teacher regards as a prerequisite for the publication of an unattributed statement that the statement have actually been made
(C) confusing the characteristics of reported statements with the characteristics of the situations in which the statements were made
(D) judging the merits of the teacher’s position solely by the most extreme case to which the position applies
(E) falsely concluding that if three criteria, met jointly, assure an outcome, then each criterion, met individually, also assures that outcome
一道读得让我万念俱灰的题 答案是B
辛辛苦苦把题目翻译出来：
老师说：那些隐瞒他们引用的资源的身份的记者把他们的专业声誉赌在了所谓的轶事逻辑上。之所以这样说是因为这些记者的报道和报道来源的准确环境相分离了，因此只有当这些报道具有很高的可信性、原创性，并激发了特定观众的兴趣——
恰恰就是一个好的轶事的特点————才会被发表。
学生：但是按您说的话，那么记者就没必要去为获得第一手的资料而烦恼了。任何具有合理的丰富资源的记者都可以更快地杜撰出可行的、原创的和吸引人的故事而不是从未标明身份的资料来源中去得到这样的消息。
但发现根本看不懂B是什么意思 学生忽略了哪个prerequisite呢？
再问一题
19. The proposal to extend clinical trials, which are routinely used as systematic tests of pharmaceutical innovations, to new surgical procedures should not be implemented. The point is that surgical procedures differ in one important respect from medicinal drugs: a correctly prescribed drug depends for its effectiveness only on the drug’s composition, whereas the effectiveness of even the most appropriate surgical procedure is transparently related to the skills of the surgeon who uses it.
The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument
(A) does not consider that new surgical procedures might be found to be intrinsically more harmful than the best treatment previously available
(B) ignores the possibility that the challenged proposal is deliberately crude in a way designed to elicit criticism to be used in refining the proposal
(C) assumes that a surgeon’s skills remain unchanged throughout the surgeon’s professional life
(D) describes a dissimilarity without citing any scientific evidence for the existence of that dissimilarity
(E) rejects a proposal presumably advanced in good faith without acknowledging any such good faith
答案是A.不太懂，我选的是D
19. The proposal to extend clinical trials, which are routinely used as systematic tests of pharmaceutical innovations, to new surgical procedures should not be implemented. The point is that surgical procedures differ in one important respect from medicinal drugs: a correctly prescribed drug depends for its effectiveness only on the drug’s composition, whereas the effectiveness of even the most appropriate surgical procedure is transparently related to the skills of the surgeon who uses it.
The reasoning in the argument is flawed because the argument
(A) does not consider that new surgical procedures might be found to be intrinsically more harmful than the best treatment previously available
(B) ignores the possibility that the challenged proposal is deliberately crude in a way designed to elicit criticism to be used in refining the proposal
(C) assumes that a surgeon’s skills remain unchanged throughout the surgeon’s professional life
(D) describes a dissimilarity without citing any scientific evidence for the existence of that dissimilarity
(E) rejects a proposal presumably advanced in good faith without acknowledging any such good faith
选A，理由如下：一般，讨论一个事物的好坏，可以自比和互比，自比就是与自己现状比，另外互比就是与同类有可比性的比，而题干中，证明surgical procedures 好坏与否，用medicinal drugs与之做比，不具有可比性。而A答案并没有直接指出问题，而是给出了正确答案，即surgical procedures 要比，也是跟自己的最好现状比（the best treatment previously available）。
这道题实在阴险，让你找错，而不是直接指出错误类别，而是对正确方法取非（does not consider 为取非）。
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