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标题: Prep2-24 [打印本页]
作者: zhuceg 时间: 2009-5-1 19:24
标题: Prep2-24
24. (28903-!-item-!-188;#058&004064)
Although exposure to asbestos is the primary cause of mesothelioma, a slow-developing cancer, researchers believe that infection by the SV40 virus is a contributing cause, since in the United States 60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none from healthy tissue, contain SV40. SV40 is a monkey virus; however, in 1960 some polio vaccine was contaminated with the virus. Researchers hypothesize that this vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers' hypothesis?
(A) SV40 is widely used as a research tool in cancer laboratories.
(B) Changes in the technique of manufacturing the vaccine now prevent contamination with SV40.
(C) Recently discovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traces of the virus.
(D) In a small percentage of cases of mesothelioma, there is no history of exposure to asbestos.
(E) In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40.
E为正确答案， 请大家帮忙分析一下思路！
作者: ymz 时间: 2009-5-1 22:09
传说中的都烂选少烂。都好选更好
作者: zhuceg 时间: 2009-5-1 22:46
传说中的都烂选少烂。都好选更好 ？？
作者: zanyingsan 时间: 2009-10-18 22:10
以下是引用zhuceg在2009/5/1 19:24:00的发言：
24. (28903-!-item-!-188;#058&004064)
Although exposure to asbestos is the primary cause of mesothelioma, a slow-developing cancer, researchers believe that infection by the SV40 virus is a contributing cause, since in the United States 60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none from healthy tissue, contain SV40. SV40 is a monkey virus; however, in 1960 some polio vaccine was contaminated with the virus. Researchers hypothesize that this vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers' hypothesis?
(A) SV40 is widely used as a research tool in cancer laboratories.
无关
(B) Changes in the technique of manufacturing the vaccine now prevent contamination with SV40.
now的事跟以前也无关
(C) Recently discovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traces of the virus.
这句好像削弱。不知道我理解的对不对。
(D) In a small percentage of cases of mesothelioma, there is no history of exposure to asbestos.
无关
(E) In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40.其实这个选项也是部分支持，因为设定了范围在 Finland 但是相比之下，这个是最好的了。
E为正确答案， 请大家帮忙分析一下思路！
作者: sunjin1988 时间: 2009-10-19 12:00
E是属于无因无果的加强 C不是削弱 我认为C的结论有两种可能性(C) Recently discovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traces of the virus 可能是病毒本身就是vaccine产生的而不是vaccine was contaminated with the virus. 如果是这种情况呢？他都会发现病毒啊 所以无法支持结论
作者: rainbowmanutd 时间: 2010-3-17 10:47
E选项就是把原文重复了一遍呀。。 since in the United States 60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none from healthy tissue, contain SV40.原文说了好的tissue不含sv40.E又重复了一遍，重复原文的不是不能选吗
作者: rainbowmanutd 时间: 2010-3-17 10:54
而且结论是 Researchers hypothesize that this vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later.
vaccine是发现在m里的virus的源泉
E说Vaccine没有污染，M就不含virus 。这不能说明Vaccine有污染，M就含有virus呀
作者: leosnoon 时间: 2010-6-9 14:48
对，E无因无果。
不过对于C，时间也有问题吧，不能选，原文说found in mesotheliomas （1960后的）decades later， 而C说dating from 1960。排除C
E是属于无因无果的加强 C不是削弱 我认为C的结论有两种可能性(C) Recently discovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traces of the virus 可能是病毒本身就是vaccine产生的而不是vaccine was contaminated with the virus. 如果是这种情况呢？他都会发现病毒啊 所以无法支持结论
-- by 会员 sunjin1988 (2009/10/19 12:00:00)
作者: jbc88 时间: 2010-11-7 17:42
作者: eshopaholic 时间: 2010-11-8 00:21
可否把E看成结论的逆否命题
结论：vaccine contamination 导致 virus found in M
逆否命题：no virus found in M --- vaccine not contaminated
逆否命题成立，就是对结论的支持。
作者: sdcar2010 时间: 2010-11-8 06:30
The way I looked at the problem is the following:
1) Read the question stem: Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers' hypothesis? Okay, this is a strengthen-type question.
2) Read the stimulus and find the researcher's hypothesis : this (polo) vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later. In short, contamination of virus in polo vaccine --> virus found in mesotheliomas.
3) Study the answer choices to find the strengthener. Both (D) and (E) look interesting. However the phrase "a small percentage" in answer (D) bothers me. Even if (D) is right, it could only support "a small percentage" of the argument.
4) Let's see (E) -- In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40.
Hmmm. Very sexy. One way to strengthen an argument is to show that when the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur. In our case, this would lead to the following equation:
NO contamination of virus in polo vaccine --> NO virus found in mesotheliomas. That is exactly what is said in answer (E). Bingo.
作者: aqiu41 时间: 2011-11-6 11:18
The way I looked at the problem is the following:
1) Read the question stem: Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers' hypothesis? Okay, this is a strengthen-type question.
2) Read the stimulus and find the researcher's hypothesis :
this (polo) vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later. In short, contamination of virus in polo vaccine --> virus found in mesotheliomas.
3) Study the answer choices to find the strengthener. Both (D) and (E) look interesting. However the phrase "a small percentage" in answer (D) bothers me. Even if (D) is right, it could only support "a small percentage" of the argument.
4) Let's see (E) -- In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40.
Hmmm. Very sexy. One way to strengthen an argument is to show that
when the cause does not occur, the effect does not occur. In our case, this would lead to the following equation:
NO contamination of virus in polo vaccine -->
NO virus found in mesotheliomas. That is exactly what is said in answer (E). Bingo.
-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2010/11/8 6:30:41)
楼上精彩~~~~
作者: maylovemay 时间: 2012-2-23 13:11
作者: edwinwos 时间: 2012-4-12 14:54
在仔细读一下题目，发现C其实是无关的
因为C想说的是samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 那个sample是是1960的样本，不是说现在那个有问题的vaccine的样品samples，即使1960年的样品有 病毒迹象，但是不清楚是否影响到现在！
所以 旧PREP2#24 的答案没有问题 就是E
以下是引用zhuceg在2009/5/1 19:24:00的发言：
24. (28903-!-item-!-188;#058&004064)
Although exposure to asbestos is the primary cause of mesothelioma, a slow-developing cancer, researchers believe that infection by the SV40 virus is a contributing cause, since in the United States 60 percent of tissue samples from mesotheliomas, but none from healthy tissue, contain SV40. SV40 is a monkey virus; however, in 1960 some polio vaccine was contaminated with the virus. Researchers hypothesize that this vaccine was the source of the virus found in mesotheliomas decades later.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the researchers' hypothesis?
(A) SV40 is widely used as a research tool in cancer laboratories.
无关
(B) Changes in the technique of manufacturing the vaccine now prevent contamination with SV40.
now的事跟以前也无关
(C) Recently discovered samples of the vaccine dating from 1960 still show traces of the virus.
这句好像削弱。不知道我理解的对不对。
(D) In a small percentage of cases of mesothelioma, there is no history of exposure to asbestos.
无关
(E) In Finland, where the polio vaccine was never contaminated, samples from mesotheliomas do not contain SV40.其实这个选项也是部分支持，因为设定了范围在 Finland 但是相比之下，这个是最好的了。
E为正确答案， 请大家帮忙分析一下思路！
-- by 会员 zanyingsan (2009/10/18 22:10:00)
作者: -HE 时间: 2013-5-9 12:02
leosnoon 发表于 2010-6-9 14:48 
对，E无因无果。不过对于C，时间也有问题吧，不能选，原文说found in mesotheliomas （1960后的）decades l ...
如果说vavvine自己产生virus的话，那么finland的vaccinate也应该产生virus啊，你们的这个观点我不认同。对于C，我倒是觉得时间那么久，说不定是后来才被contaminated的，所以这个理由有缺陷
作者: Vivian1091 时间: 2013-6-21 07:58
题目中想找A这种现象的原因。因为A有C，所以试图建立A与C的关系。想通过桥梁B来建立。给出的信息是 C与B在1960年有密切关系。问你哪一个support。 C中讲的是B和C现在还有关系。这个 对于AC关系的建立毫无意义。E，是逆否命题。
用这个题里的东西来代。
某种疾病M的发生因为病毒S。因为病毒S感染了疫苗V在1960年。假设 疫苗V是疾病M的源头。C中说 现在 病毒S还感染了疫苗V。这个选项吧已知的条件加强了，但是对于V和M是啥关系只字未提。
作者: InfiniteAlex 时间: 2014-9-27 15:31
E是逆否命题
作者: iamjasmineshi 时间: 2014-12-8 21:03
C从根本意思上来说只是重复了原文的意思。这道题和cr1 69的C选项是一个错误原因。
作者: 高笑美 时间: 2016-8-4 10:52
E的意思是在vaccine没被污染的F地，得M病的样本里没有病毒，而原文说的是健康组织的样本里没有病毒，所以不是重复原文
作者: loveeyore 时间: 2016-8-19 12:45
同意！
作者: loveeyore 时间: 2016-8-19 12:46
Mark一下！
作者: xuelai4103 时间: 2016-9-8 03:52
C： 题目中已经说了1960的vaccine里面含有SV40，这是确凿的事情。所以不论现在有没有再追踪到疫苗中的病毒都不重要。可以算无关选项。
E：题目说了两个事实“60% cancer sample contain SV40" 和” non-cancer samples don't contain SV40'，要推出结论“ SV40 =》caner"。这样推如果错误有两个可能：（1）部分cancer自己产生SV40; （2）另一种物质造成了cancer和SV40； E选项说在没被SV40污染的情况下，cancer没有含sv40。排除了第一个可能。 该答案正确。
作者: DaYangDa 时间: 2017-7-30 20:56
错选了C， 原文中的hypothesize 是说 1960的vaccine里面含有SV40， 这有可能是后面mesotheliomas 发现的病毒的源头， C其实并没有加强这个推导，C 说1960的vaccine里有SV40病毒， 不能说这个病毒是mesotheliomas 的源头。1960的vaccine里有病毒 和 mesotheliomas 的源头就是这些病毒 没有什么关系
作者: alex_heyday 时间: 2017-11-5 09:03
同意！
作者: 9123321 时间: 2018-6-10 10:37
Personal view:可能对于E，使用“取非削弱，不取非支持”的方法可以更好判断；对于C，可能问题出在still 上，取非之后，not still；这和没有原先就不存在virus应该说是两个不同的概念
作者: MelonL. 时间: 2018-9-22 15:34
此楼感觉很像gmac思路
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