Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
B. Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
C. With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
D. The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
E. Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.
A中的as a result of 和 because of可以并列吗？
C不行吗？
谢谢~
作者: jbyupei 时间: 2009-4-27 15:15
C 我找到2处错， 第一个是 charcoal’s being replaced 可以改成 charcoal replaced， being纯多余。
第二个是 ： with 原因一 ａｎｄ 原因 二， 不如写成 with 原因一 ａｎｄ ｗｉｔｈ 原因二
作者: 球球是我 时间: 2009-4-27 16:31
嗯嗯~很有道理，谢谢`作者: zhuceg 时间: 2009-4-29 18:42
I agree with jbyupei 作者: lixin022280 时间: 2009-5-12 02:41
you are wrong
1. "charcoal’s being replaced" is different from "charcoal replaced" ,charcoal replaced & improvements is not paralelled
2. because...... is clause, can not connected "the average output of...." with AND
作者: lovebook0824 时间: 2009-5-12 12:50
还是不明白介词短语可以和从句并列吗？
as a result of和because of并列，理解~
可是as a result of和because就觉得有点接受不了~~
作者: AlienX 时间: 2009-5-12 13:08
as a result of 和 because 都是副詞性的東東... OG10上有一題是名詞短語和名詞從句並列...OG explanation說可以. 並列的最低要求是並列對象功能一樣. 作者: zongtong 时间: 2009-6-6 22:25 Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore. -> Not parallel
Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery. ->Not Parallel
With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.->Not the best but only remaining option
The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century. ->does not make sense
Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century. ->does not make sense
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore. -> Not parallel Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery. ->Not Parallel With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.->Not the best but only remaining option The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century. ->does not make sense Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century. ->does not make sense
-- by 会员 zongtong (2009/6/6 22:25:00)
with + 名词所有格+being是什么结构？没有见过，能找到例子吗？我认为这是独立主格的一种错误表述，即缺少主格名词。让人不知道独立主格字面意思上的主语是谁。 如果是独立主格结构才可以考虑C为答案，但要改为With charcoal being，即with + 名词 + 现在分词，或者With charcoal replaced，即with + 名词 + 过去分词。这里直接用过去分词更好，简洁表达被动含义。作者: rabbitear 时间: 2010-7-10 16:11
好的，不过C确实不能选，加上with结构就变了作者: alannesta 时间: 2011-5-10 11:13
这道题我来说下，A和C结构上都不完美，但都是grammatically correct，只能把重心放在over the course of the 18th century上，这个是大家都忽略的问题 先看两个wiki上的句子： The growth of the American church in the eighteenth century can be illustrated by changes in city skylines over the course of the century Literacy rates are difficult to gauge, but Robert Darnton writes that, in France at least, the rates doubled over the course of the 18th century
我google了以下，没有发现over the 18th century 这种用法，只有during the 18th century 这里应该是选A，更idomatic作者: 妞wq090709 时间: 2011-7-16 13:16
up作者: priscillalxl 时间: 2011-8-28 22:39
补充24楼，over在表示“在…期间”时，牛津高阶、科林斯双解和英汉大辞典上的所有例句都表示一段比较模糊的、长短不严格确定的时间。如：a process developed over decades；He had flu over Christmas；She has not changed much over the years。如果想用over表示“在一段确定的时间期间”，需要在这段时间前加点东西。比如这一句：She built up the business over a period of ten years.作者: pansimply 时间: 2012-5-11 15:53
A虽然也不完美，但是比C明显的所有格+being的错误要好。作者: jayhung 时间: 2013-4-6 15:10
jbyupei 发表于 2009-4-27 15:15
C 我找到2处错， 第一个是 charcoal’s being replaced 可以改成 charcoal replaced， being纯多余。 ...
charcoal's being replaced（确实有点怪）指的是被取代这个事件，与charcoal replaced…的含义还是不同的吧，但是A里adv性质的as a result of和conj性质的because应该不能平行，我觉得是c作者: viviwang93 时间: 2014-2-21 22:09
A的关键问题在于as a result of 后面接的是名字，而because明显是接的动宾结构，这两者并列确实不好看。个人觉得这道题出的不好，大家不必纠结了。作者: sherryqi 时间: 2014-3-24 16:53
我觉得c是独立主格吧。。。carcoal's being...的一长串是名词短语，和several improvements in...平行，所以是with+n+prep.+n的独立结构吧。。。但是a明显不平行，我也是刚刚做的这题，然后google到了此贴，而且我的正确答案给的是C,但我选的是b，但了前面大神们的解释知道了B错在不平行。。。
open to discuss...作者: D07210721 时间: 2014-4-12 22:02
C是错的。是charcoal as the fuel，charcoal's being 怎么能 as the fuel？
a暂且不说：
c选项中我有两个问题：
1 with引导的独立主格结构，必须要和主句主语有从属关系吗？？
2 with one‘s being done 这个结构有问题吗？
纠结中～作者: 请救非洲大象 时间: 2016-6-30 15:04
啊咧
我自己的第2个问题貌似有点儿懂了：with one‘s being done 根本不是独立主格结构呀！就是 with ＋名词的 介词短语，这样的话，是必须有从属关系我晓得的。
可是第一个问题，还是不清楚..... with 引导独立主格的时候呢？作者: Christina1991 时间: 2016-11-25 21:58
AlienX 发表于 2009-5-12 13:08
as a result of 和 because 都是副詞性的東東...OG10上有一題是名詞短語和名詞從句並列...OG explanation說 ...
同意！ 作者: wuunanwork 时间: 2017-7-23 06:54
有人知道b为啥错吗，我知道a tripling 不好， for the fuel used 的for也怪怪的。这里的due to用法正确吗？
Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
我记得ron说过due to可以和caused by完美替换，那B选项的结构就是X was caused by A, in addition to B，这个用法有点奇怪，应该是 X was caused by A, and (by) B？作者: tqtzzzzz 时间: 2017-12-10 15:24
zongtong 发表于 2009-6-6 22:25
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of sev ...
Dear Zongtong,
Thank you for your interpretation!
However,In your answer, I have some questions.
I support A.
here is my reasons: A Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
B Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.>>A tripling was due to the replacement, in addition to improvement. the author does not mean subject of sentence is "a tripling", instead of "the avg. output" （by the way, in this sentence the grammar is 100% correct.）
C With charcoal’s being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century. >>Using "with" is not clear, because it does not show the relationship between two sentences.
here is an example:" I got 750 in my GMAT exam, with a delicious hamburger being eaten" >> Apparently, here is not any relationship between this two sentences. (If it has, every one should eat hamburger before they have tests)
To sum up, if we need to connect two sentence, we should use a correct word to show their relationships.>>"I got 750 in my GAMT exam, because I am hard-working."
D The replacement of charcoal with coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century. >> The sentence begins with nouns and follows by a sentence, but no conjunction in the whole sentence. （by the way, “the replacement A with B” is definitely correct! ）
E Charcoal being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, and several improvements in blowing machinery, which tripled the average output of ironwork over the course of the eighteenth century.>> Obviously ,there is no subject and verb in this sentence(fragment)
In A, although it seems not perfectly parallel, it shows the intended meaning the author tries to express. 作者: 你在看我 时间: 2018-3-11 11:27
gmat928 发表于 2010-2-24 13:46
Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of ...
大牛们能解答下，这里的
With charcoal’s being replaced by coal ... 是什么结构吗？不太懂。作者: lulululooks 时间: 2018-6-28 20:59
官方prep裡的正確答案是A 作者: lulululooks 时间: 2018-6-28 21:17
補充一下我的想法：
A. Over the course of the eighteenth century, the average output of ironwork tripled as a result of several improvements in blowing machinery and because coal replaced charcoal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore.
句子核心：the outputtripled as a result of improvements and because coal replaced charcoal
B.Over the course of the eighteenth century a tripling in the average output of ironwork was due to the replacement of charcoal by coal for the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore, in addition to several improvements in blowing machinery.
句子核心：a tripling was due to the replacement
這裡(我認為)語法本身沒有錯誤，但是語意變動。A選項寫tripled是因為improvements "and" coal replaced charcoal，代表是兩者共同導致的triple。但是這裡把improvements變成了non-essential modifier，相對來說重要性就沒有and表達來的強烈。
再來主詞從output變成了tripling（其他選項裡面的主詞都是output）
C. With charcoal's being replaced by coal as the fuel used in the smelting of iron ore and several improvements in blowing machinery, the average output of ironwork tripled over the eighteenth century.
句子核心：the output tripled
Ron在某個地方講過：當”with結構”在主要句子「之前」--> 表示”some sort of precipitating circumstance (which falls under the category of 'reason'). 換個角度說，代表這種修飾關係很不明確，相對沒有A來的直接(A直接說是因為X&Y)。
另外with裡的兩個elements沒有平行 (實物 vs 抽象概念)
