ffice" />ffice" />Woodrow Wilson (美国20世纪初的总统,提倡reform) was referring to the liberal idea of the economic market when he said that the free enterprise system is the most efficient economic system. Maximum freedom means maximum productiveness; our “openness” is to be the measure of our stability. Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the “Old World” categories of settled possessiveness versus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo” defended or attacked. The United States, it was believed, had no status quo ante. Our only “station” was the turning of a stationary wheel, spinning faster and faster. We did not base our system on property but opportunity—which meant we based it not on stability but on mobility. The more things changed, that is, the more rapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would be. The conventional picture of class politics is composed of the Haves, who want a stability to keep what they have, and the Have-Nots, who want a touch of (a touch of: 有一点) instability and change in which to scramble for (scramble for: v.争夺, 勉强拼凑) the things they have not. But Americans imagined a condition in which speculators(投机者, 投机商人) , self-makers, runners are always using the new opportunities given by our land. These economic leaders (front-runners) would thus be mainly agents of change. The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines.”
“Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised (disenfranchise: disfranchise: to deprive of some privilege). There is no attempt to call off the race. Since our only stability is change, America seems not to honor the quiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability. There is, in our legends, no heroism of the office clerk (office clerk: n.职员), no stable industrial work force of the people who actually make the system work. There is no pride in being an employee (Wilson asked for a return to the time when everyone was an employer). There has been no boasting about our social workers—they are merely signs of the system’s failure, of opportunity denied or not taken, of things to be eliminated. We have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the fact that our system can serve others, that we are able to help those in need; empty boasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us try to forget or deny them, move away from them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland (wonderland: n.仙境, 奇境) race we must all run, all trying to win, none winning in the end (for there is no end).
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to 主题题 (找感情色彩,作者态度,只有a,c为负面态度)
(A) criticize the inflexibility of American economic mythology 批判死板的关于美国经济神话的理论 mythology和文章最后的wonderland很好的对照
(神话a popular belief or assumption that has grown up around someone or something, legend)
(B) contrast “Old World” and “New World” economic ideologies
(C) challenge the integrity of traditional political leaders 肯定不对,ets不会作人身攻击(this is about personal attacking. Usually not be the right choice)
(D) champion those Americans whom the author deems to be neglected（A）
(E) suggest a substitute for the traditional metaphor of a race
2. According to the passage, “Old World” values were based on 细节题,只能死找了,加亮的部分,一段中间,不过读文章时候应该注意又这么几个对比的
(A) ability
(B) property
(C) family connections
(D) guild hierarchies（B）
(E) education
3. In the context of the author’s discussion of regulating change, which of the following could be most probably regarded as a “strong referee” (line 30) in the United States?这题目大概和美国政治背景有点关系了,排除之下,c,e又点点象,不过美国的government不像中国,大概不能算authority???
(A) A school principal
(B) A political theorist
(C) A federal court judge
(D) A social worker（C）
(E) A government inspector
4. The author sets off (set off: to set apart: make distinct or outstanding) the word “Reform” (line 35) with quotation marks in order to 作用题了,就在挨近出找,sterile就是贫瘠的,没有结果的“Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change except through the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece of the action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised (disenfranchise: disfranchise: to deprive of some privilege). 美国的“改革”从来就是没什么结果的, 美国没经历什么变化, 因为不能想象(真正的)改革就是这个: 除了把一个跑步比赛的比喻延伸一下, 就是给那些没什么特权的人增加更多的竞争者, “就把事情分一分”,就这样, 就没别的了. (将这种社会成分重新延伸一下的做法认为是根本的社会改革显然是不充分的…)
A piece of the action: informal: a share of sth, such as profits, a business, etc
4,5两题考的是同一句话
(A) emphasize its departure from the concept of settled possessiveness
(B) show his support for a systematic program of change
(C) underscore (underline, highlight) the flexibility and even amorphousness of United States society
(D) indicate that the term was one of Wilson’s favorites（E）
(E) assert that reform in the United States has not been fundamental
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author most probably thinks that giving the disenfranchised “a piece of the action” (line 38) is
(A) a compassionate, if misdirected, legislative measure
(B) an example of Americans’ resistance to profound social change
(C) an innovative program for genuine social reform
(D) a monument to the efforts of industrial reformers（B）
(E) a surprisingly “Old World” remedy for social ills
6. Which of the following metaphors could the author most appropriately use to summarize his own assessment of the American economic system (lines 35-60)?
(A) A windmill
(B) A waterfall
(B) A treadmill
(C)(a mill worked by an animal by an endless belt, a device having an endless best for people to walk or run for excise 跑步机)
(D) A gyroscope (环动轮)（C）
(E) A bellows (风箱, 波纹管)
7. It can be inferred from the passage that Woodrow Wilson’s ideas about the economic market
(A) encouraged those who “make the system work” (lines 45-46) (Just the opposite)
(B) perpetuated (make perpetual, cause to last indefinitely) traditional legends about America (因为ww的理论就是大家要永远的竞争啊,竞争啊,人人都能作老板啊,不要甘心作员工啊,不要安于现状啊,自由竞争的资本主义可以永远发挥作用……就好比是在跑步机上奔跑,没有尽头)
(C) revealed the prejudices of a man born wealthy (not mentioned)
(D) foreshadowed the stock market crash of 1929 (not mentioned) （B）
(E) began a tradition of presidential proclamations on economics (not mentioned)
8. The passage contains information that would answer which of the following questions?
I. What techniques have industrialists used to manipulate a free market?明显没有类似信息
II. In what ways are “New World” and “Old World” economic policies similar? 文章只讲了不同,没讲相同
III. Has economic policy in the United States tended to reward independent action?答案是 yes. 第二段第三句Since our only stability is change, America seems not to honor the quiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability.取非.interdependence是independent的反义词
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only（C）
(E) II and III only
9. Which of the following best expresses the author’s main point? 到这里,全文就又了:第一段:描述ww的理论; 第二段:指出按照ww理论推导的结果等等引申的东东是荒谬的,不实际的,从而证明了ww的理论是个myth,是不合理的.
(A) Americans’ pride in their jobs continues to give them stamina today.
(B) The absence of a status quo ante has undermined United States economic structure.
(C) The free enterprise system has been only a useless concept in the United States.
(D) The myth of the American free enterprise system is seriously flawed.（D）
(E) Fascination with the ideal of “openness” has made Americans a progressive people.
(A) A school principalfficeffice" />
(B) A political theorist
(C) A federal court judge
(D) A social worker（C）
(E) A government inspector
再次挚诚感谢你的热心和付出的劳动！
希望不要碰到这么恶心的文章了，我那天差点看到吐了还是没大明白。有空再研究吧
这篇文章不得不顶一下,读到这篇文章的时候我连做题都缺乏信心了,做对了前7题,在计时的压力下做到最后两题的时候已经两眼昏花,结果连错
看到有人讨论第3题 关于referee到底指代什么,我觉得考虑的有偏差
我的定位是
The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strong referee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand to calm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, begin things again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines.”
这句话中有3个排比句 既:a strong referee.... a regulative hand.... an authority....
其实这3个句子是同义反复,在中学语文中就学过,为了增加文章的气势. 所以 a strong referee, a regulative hand和an authority是同义词.在第3题的选项中只有A federal court judge 可以被看作是 a regulative hand或者是an authority. ETS出题的时候绝对会采取公平原则,即使你对美国历史,政治一无所知,也可以做对这题.所有的答案都可以在文章中找到,切记不要联想过多,既浪费时间,也不能保证正确率.
39行有个词disenfranchised，表示“剥夺……公民权”
联系前面runner和referee的比喻，我觉得这是第3题的根据
flora_wang 发表于 2004-2-21 13:30
这片是我作过最难的.就讲讲,参考一下,有错误请指正...Passage 2 (2/63)Woodrow Wilson (美国20世纪初的总统 ...
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