Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
(A) having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been
(B) having, for example, a drug prescription that was ineffective because the dosage was too low, or being
(C) as, for example, having too low of a dosage of a prescribed drug for it to be effective, or being
(D) when they have, for example, been prescribed too low a drug dosage to be effective, or were
(E) for example, when they have a drug prescription with a dosage too low to be effective, or been
答案是A，没有问题。
请问用动名词 having，会不会造成修饰上的歧义。Some patients 或 inadequate treatment
对比例子，如下但那时请求大家帮帮我
再来一个PREP的例子，是JJ版里看到的，也可以看作分词VS谓语动词的例子：
96. (29707-!-item-!-188;#058&003977)
In some species of cricket, the number of chirps per minute used by the male for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve as an approximate thermometer.
(A) for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve
(B) for attracting females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, which can in fact serve
(C) in attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving
(D) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in fact serve
(E) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving
答案是D，有考友认为E是现在分词有歧义修饰前面的temperature的可能，定状歧义。大家有什么看法呢？
连接：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=22&ID=326549&page=1
我的第一反应也是句末的该是个分词,来修饰前面的句子,表结果
不过仔细想想, 应该可以用逻辑意思来解题: 搞清楚这里到底是哪个东东serve, 再看serve后面的介宾, 是approximate thermometer, 显然这里serve的主语肯定是个东西, 是名词, 也就是number
134. (31696-!-item-!-188;#058&004702)
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend less time with each.
(A) imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend
(B) imposing stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients, and spending
(C) that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend
(D) that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending
(E) that impose stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients and spending
句子结构：…, union members are less likely than… to be enrolled in… plans that…
That引导定语从句修饰名词plans。
考点：平行对称
平行对称，当句中有三个以上结构平行时，要注意逻辑意思是否合理，是否其中两个平行，第三个做插入语或伴随、目的状语。
(A) and spend没有平行的对象。
(B) and spending和前面逻辑不平行，spending…应该是作see的伴随状语。
(C) and spend和前面逻辑不平行。但其实，"doing....结构置于句末,做结果或是伴随状态，动做的发出者必须是前一句话的主句，在这里是insurans plan, 但是insurance plan是不可以spend搭配。
(D) 正确，that引导定语从句修饰紧临的名词plans，说明plans的内容，impose and require是定语从句的并列谓语，现在分词spending作see的伴随状语。
(E) requiring和spending逻辑不平行。
这个题目里面怎么判断现在分词spending作see的伴随状语，spending的修饰对象呢？
谢谢版主了，救命啊
up
Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
(A) having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been
(B) having, for example, a drug prescription that was ineffective because the dosage was too low, or being
(C) as, for example, having too low of a dosage of a prescribed drug for it to be effective, or being
(D) when they have, for example, been prescribed too low a drug dosage to be effective, or were
(E) for example, when they have a drug prescription with a dosage too low to be effective, or been
答案是A，没有问题。
请问用动名词 having，会不会造成修饰上的歧义。Some patients 或 inadequate treatment
对比例子，如下但那时请求大家帮帮我
不会造成修饰上的歧义，这里的having短语是动名词而不是pp短语，没有修饰功能，只表示列举。
再来一个PREP的例子，是JJ版里看到的，也可以看作分词VS谓语动词的例子：
96. (29707-!-item-!-188;#058&003977)
In some species of cricket, the number of chirps per minute used by the male for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve as an approximate thermometer.
(A) for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve
(B) for attracting females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, which can in fact serve
(C) in attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving
(D) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in fact serve
(E) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact possibly serving
答案是D，有考友认为E是现在分词有歧义修饰前面的temperature的可能，定状歧义。大家有什么看法呢？
连接：http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=22&ID=326549&page=1
我的第一反应也是句末的该是个分词,来修饰前面的句子,表结果
不过仔细想想, 应该可以用逻辑意思来解题: 搞清楚这里到底是哪个东东serve, 再看serve后面的介宾, 是approximate thermometer, 显然这里serve的主语肯定是个东西, 是名词, 也就是number
serving没有作定语修饰temperature的歧义，首先逻辑上不成立，其次GMAT里还没有出现过pp短语隔个逗号放在句尾做定语修饰其前面名词的先例。
134. (31696-!-item-!-188;#058&004702)
Among lower-paid workers, union members are less likely than nonunion members to be enrolled in lower-end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend less time with each.
(A) imposing stricter limits on medical services and requiring doctors to see more patients, and spend
(B) imposing stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients, and spending
(C) that impose stricter limits on medical services, require doctors to see more patients, and spend
(D) that impose stricter limits on medical services and require doctors to see more patients, spending
(E) that impose stricter limits on medical services, requiring doctors to see more patients and spending
句子结构：…, union members are less likely than… to be enrolled in… plans that…
That引导定语从句修饰名词plans。
考点：平行对称
平行对称，当句中有三个以上结构平行时，要注意逻辑意思是否合理，是否其中两个平行，第三个做插入语或伴随、目的状语。
(A) and spend没有平行的对象。
(B) and spending和前面逻辑不平行，spending…应该是作see的伴随状语。
(C) and spend和前面逻辑不平行。但其实，"doing....结构置于句末,做结果或是伴随状态，动做的发出者必须是前一句话的主句，在这里是insurans plan, 但是insurance plan是不可以spend搭配。
(D) 正确，that引导定语从句修饰紧临的名词plans，说明plans的内容，impose and require是定语从句的并列谓语，现在分词spending作see的伴随状语。
(E) requiring和spending逻辑不平行。
这个题目里面怎么判断现在分词spending作see的伴随状语，spending的修饰对象呢？
spending就近伴随修饰see，故等同于修饰see的动作执行者--doctor.从逻辑意思上判定为佳，把语法作为confirm你的判定的工具。
谢谢版主了，救命啊
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