这题好像选c吧。。？？
奇怪，og 明明写着c的？？
支持选B，虽然OG的答案是选C。因为题干的意思说的就是the racer 推动 技术革新
The right answer is C. The argument mentioned nothing about the comparison between small workshop and major manufacturing corners.
The reasoning by Mindfree is correct although he made a spelling error here. C not B.
C 是答案呀：自行车赛车手的革新要求的标准没有超出通常认为以竞赛用的自行车标准。C取非，原推论就不成立。
自行车的革新都是以专业人士的要求作为标准的，那么首先我们要定义什么是专业人士要求的标准。只有在这个条件成立的情况下，推论才能成立。C就是这个假设。
Therefore, innovation .......by what authorities will accept as standard for purposes of.....
結論: 果 <---------- 因
讨论语法结构：
(E) The authorities who set standards for high-performance bicycle racing do not keep informed about innovative bicycle design.
上句中keep应当用被动吧？sb be kept informed about...
1. First you need to understand the argument and its reasoning. Assumption is to fill the "gap" between premises and conclusions. So the meaning of the assumption must be relevant to the argument. To test assumption, use negative and see if original argument still holds or not.
A. Irrelevant. The argument is not about whether the market can expand or not. And cheap and high-performance are not mentioned. Use A negative you can see original argument does not change.
B. Irrelevant. It does not fit in the argument at all.
C. Right. The gap in the original argument is that the premises said that innovation is driven by racers and conclusion is that innovation is limited to just a certain type. There is a gap between "racer" and certain innovations. Let me use an analogy:
Computer software sales are driven by teens. So software development is limited to games. The gap is between teens and game. The argument by default associate one with the other, in another word, by assumption.
C is just the statement of the association.
D. Irrelevant. It is a whle new statement, which is not substantiated by the original argument.
E. If you truly understand the meaning of E, you would not pick it. Another irrelevant choice
来自总教头的解释还是经典啊！
我想尝试解释一下，希望大家指点是否正确
题干：自行车制造在技术上倾向于保守是因为制造商要满足这类需求[需求决定产品特性]。而只有竞赛选手对创新感兴趣并愿意花钱买创新。因为当局认可竞赛的标准的局限，创新发展不足[言外之意，当局认可标准外的范围的创新是没有需求驱动的，因此也就会出现不足或者保守]
答案：在官方认可的范围外（如一般用途的自行车范围）的创新需求，专业赛手并没有构成驱动力。因此导致其他范围的自行车创新落后。
不知道上述理解是否准确，请NN们执教。
这题mindfree绝对错了，应该选C！红字的翻译应为：革新被权威接受用于自行车竞赛的标准所限制。
其中anthority不是racer。因为权威对有些创新不承认，所以革新受限。这之间的GAP是racer对不承认的创新不感兴趣，也就没有市场需求，所以革新受限。
大家看看神仙是否错了吧。刚才看到mindfree在另一篇帖子里的解释，选的是C啊。难道上面他写错地方了？
顺便说说E，权威们不知道关于创新设计的事，那就不会承认创新。但由于那些不被承认的创新是否有市场不能确定，所以是否被限制不知道。我这样理解不知是否正确。
自行车在技术革新上的保守体现了其制造商所针对的需求. 骑自行车的人中, 只有赛车手才对技术革新感兴趣并愿意pay for it. (假设条件C: 因为,自行车手对于创新技术的需求不会超过权威对于比赛标准所认知的范围以外) 所以,自行车的技术革新受限于权威在自行车比赛中的标准.
上面的投机方法好像也由逻辑错误,属于不完全归纳.所以又认真做了一遍.^_^
1. First you need to understand the argument and its reasoning. Assumption is to fill the "gap" between premises and conclusions. So the meaning of the assumption must be relevant to the argument. To test assumption, use negative and see if original argument still holds or not.
A. Irrelevant. The argument is not about whether the market can expand or not. And cheap and high-performance are not mentioned. Use A negative you can see original argument does not change.
B. Irrelevant. It does not fit in the argument at all.
C. Right. The gap in the original argument is that the premises said that innovation is driven by racers and conclusion is that innovation is limited to just a certain type. There is a gap between "racer" and certain innovations. Let me use an analogy:
Computer software sales are driven by teens. So software development is limited to games. The gap is between teens and game. The argument by default associate one with the other, in another word, by assumption.
C is just the statement of the association.
D. Irrelevant. It is a whle new statement, which is not substantiated by the original argument.
E. If you truly understand the meaning of E, you would not pick it. Another irrelevant choice
来自总教头的解释还是经典啊！
(C) Bicycle racers do not generate a strong demand for innovations that fall outside what is officially recognized as standard for purposes of competition.
为啥用outside ?
谢谢 NEW1218.
1. First you need to understand the argument and its reasoning. Assumption is to fill the "gap" between premises and conclusions. So the meaning of the assumption must be relevant to the argument. To test assumption, use negative and see if original argument still holds or not.
A. Irrelevant. The argument is not about whether the market can expand or not. And cheap and high-performance are not mentioned. Use A negative you can see original argument does not change.
B. Irrelevant. It does not fit in the argument at all.
C. Right. The gap in the original argument is that the premises said that innovation is driven by racers and conclusion is that innovation is limited to just a certain type. There is a gap between "racer" and certain innovations. Let me use an analogy:
Computer software sales are driven by teens. So software development is limited to games. The gap is between teens and game. The argument by default associate one with the other, in another word, by assumption.
C is just the statement of the association.
D. Irrelevant. It is a whle new statement, which is not substantiated by the original argument.
E. If you truly understand the meaning of E, you would not pick it. Another irrelevant choice
来自总教头的解释还是经典啊！
瓦赛，这个太精辟了，大师中的大师啊！
小弟刚来，请教各位上面说的总教头是哪一位啊？？
是否有此总教头更多题目的解释，谢谢！
选C
原文的意思:
自行车在技术革新上的保守体现了其制造商所针对的需求. 骑自行车的人中, 只有赛车手才对技术革新感兴趣并愿意为这花钱. 因此,自行车技术上的革新被那些权威所接受的可以用于比赛的标准所局限.
选项C的意思是自行车赛手不会对官方认为用作比赛标准之外的产生强烈的需求。（也就是说制造商不会满足标准之外的需求从而使革新受到局限）
1. First you need to understand the argument and its reasoning. Assumption is to fill the "gap" between premises and conclusions. So the meaning of the assumption must be relevant to the argument. To test assumption, use negative and see if original argument still holds or not.
A. Irrelevant. The argument is not about whether the market can expand or not. And cheap and high-performance are not mentioned. Use A negative you can see original argument does not change.
B. Irrelevant. It does not fit in the argument at all.
C. Right. The gap in the original argument is that the premises said that innovation is driven by racers and conclusion is that innovation is limited to just a certain type. There is a gap between "racer" and certain innovations. Let me use an analogy:
Computer software sales are driven by teens. So software development is limited to games. The gap is between teens and game. The argument by default associate one with the other, in another word, by assumption.
C is just the statement of the association.
D. Irrelevant. It is a whle new statement, which is not substantiated by the original argument.
E. If you truly understand the meaning of E, you would not pick it. Another irrelevant choice
来自总教头的解释还是经典啊！
选C，assumption问的是一种连接：创新只满足运动员的需求--运动员不需要超出自行车比赛标准的创新--所以技术进步受限制
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