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标题: [原创]求解prep语法新题一道prep1-188 [打印本页]

作者: challen0707    时间: 2009-2-25 23:02
标题: [原创]求解prep语法新题一道prep1-188

188.
            
(26379-!-item-!-188;#058&001961)

 

Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are

B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

答案是A,我选的是E,不是说having+done结构不能作定语吗?


作者: balabaladou7    时间: 2009-2-26 00:34

E肯定是不对的,它改变了原句的含义,句子的重心。

句子的结构是:

Neuroscientists, (插入语修饰主语)are now drawing solid conclusions about A & B。

但E却改变成:

Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge about A & B,now drawing......

没有:having+done结构不能作定语 这样的定论。


作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2009-2-26 11:50

having done这里是做定语.

我认为having done作定语主要是会产生时间上的歧义:having done的东西是延续着、持久着(现在分词短语做定语的内在含义之一),还是已经完结。over the past twenty years时间状语的存在让这重歧义不存在,表明了已经完结,所以是可以这么用的.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.


作者: songlovegt    时间: 2009-2-26 12:08
是不是也应该考虑主句里使用了现在进行时
Neuroscientists are now drawing

作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2009-2-27 18:04
以下是引用aeoluseros在2009-2-26 11:50:00的发言:

having done这里是做定语.

我认为having done作定语主要是会产生时间上的歧义:having done的东西是延续着、持久着(现在分词短语做定语的内在含义之一),还是已经完结。over the past twenty years时间状语的存在让这重歧义不存在,表明了已经完结,所以是可以这么用的.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.

open to discuss.

修正一下观点:

非限制性的having done是可以用的,但是限制性的不能用.


作者: zyitbest    时间: 2009-3-25 14:12
以下是引用aeoluseros在2009-2-27 18:04:00的发言:

修正一下观点:

非限制性的having done是可以用的,但是限制性的不能用.

为什么非限制性的having done是可以用的,但是限制性的不能用呢?

还想请问一下版主over the past twenty years的位置是否合理呢?

E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
    

谢谢


作者: alohabrian    时间: 2009-3-25 15:08
E的话,我还是觉得语法上没什么问题,就是 改变了 句子 的谓语 结构,因此改变了,句子的表一中心。

要强调 are now drawing conlusion
而是不强调 have amassed knowledge

作者: zyitbest    时间: 2009-3-25 20:49
谢谢alohabrian

可是我还是不是很明白.. 只能体会出A的强调have amassed knowledge...
不好意思,请问什么是句子的表一中心呢?

谢谢啦

作者: wmcarrie666    时间: 2009-4-12 20:05

prep188

A正确

B 除开插入部分,句子变为
        
Neuroscientists and are ….结构错误

C 句子主干是
        
Neuroscientists and are …结构错误

D now drawing
        
改变句子重心,主干部分变成了修饰部分。原句强调的是Neuroscientists are now drawing.

E now drawing
        
改变句子重心,主干部分变成了修饰部分。原句强调的是Neuroscientists are now drawing.

 


作者: 天蝎座1107    时间: 2009-4-18 22:16

Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are首先要读懂句意
        
科学家先要amassed很多的knowledge才能够draw solid conclusions这里用having用的很好体现出了动作的先后
        
从逻辑意思上就可以判断出来
        
然后要注意看到状语
        
看到代词要小心

B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are状语位置的改变产生歧义
        
原先是having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years这里的over the past twenty years是与现在完成时连用的
        
然而B选项改成its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years以为是大脑的发展从出生到成人这20多年的历史 and多余

C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are状语位置的改变引起歧义 and多余
        
去掉的have不能体现动作的先后

D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,改变句子重心
            

E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,改变句子重心


作者: snow13    时间: 2009-4-23 04:00
Neuroscientists,
having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about
the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

英语很多句子都有意思上的对称,更多是广义上的,先不看具体意思,原文大概是
Neuroscientists  以前怎么样,now现在怎么样,根据now drawing所以句子前部分也应该出现v-ing形式,而画线后说的是now,所以之前应该用过去时态,留AB。

楼上把意思说的很明白,B改变了意思,所以答案A。

作者: greatbusy    时间: 2009-4-25 21:47
这个如何去区分非限制性的having done是可以用的,但是限制性的不能用?
作者: xxxyyyzzz1    时间: 2009-4-30 16:58
同问!请版主解答~
作者: efay    时间: 2009-5-16 08:36

同问having done。。。。


作者: happywawa    时间: 2009-7-7 16:06

同问having done...?


作者: vivian_dong    时间: 2009-7-12 01:13
顶having done的问题。
作者: moonwalker    时间: 2009-8-2 17:57

这题是OG12的21题。


作者: poirotsky    时间: 2009-9-4 02:21

    

This sentence introduces the
subject

            
{Neuroscientists), pauses to explain what

neuroscientists have accomplished in the past

twenty years, and then concludes by explaining

what neuroscientists are presently doing as a result

of their past accomplishments. The second part of

the sentence—the explanation—interrupts the

flow of the sentence from the subject

            
(Neuroscientists) to the predicate (are now drawing

solid conclusions ..
.); it should therefore be

bracketed by commas. The sentence construction

should provide a main verb for the subject

            
neuroscientists.


    

A    Correct. The explanatory phrase
between

the subject and predicate is set off by

commas, and the main clause contains both

a subject
(Neuroscientists) and a

corresponding verb
(are now drawing).


    

B    And are indicates that are follows a previous

verb, but in fact the sentence has not yet

provided a first main verb for the subject

            
Neuroscientists; the sentence is therefore

incomplete;
over the ... years appears to be

modifying
adulthood.


    

C    Amassing, like having amassed, functions as

an adjective, not a verb; the sentence

therefore lacks the first main verb implied

by the compound verb construction
and are

now drawing....


        

D    The final descriptor in present tense, now

drawing conclusions ...
does not fit the

opening clause, which is in present-perfect

tense
(have
amassed a wealth ...)
and seems

to modify
adulthood.


        

E    Like D, this sentence
attempts to attach a

present-tense descriptor to a present-perfect

clause.


        

The correct answer is A.


        



[此贴子已经被作者于2009/9/4 2:24:02编辑过]

作者: verylotus    时间: 2009-10-20 13:43

同问having done    引用aeoluseros斑竹的解释

我对定语、状语的理解是这样的:有的时候同一个成分、结构可以做定语,也可以做状语,只要区分被修饰对象与结合时态等分析逻辑上能不能合理修饰就够了,没必要太在意是做定语还是做状语。也就是说,区不区分定语、状语都可以,关键是要明白定语和状语的功能都是“修饰”(有点像废话,不过我的意思是平时我统一把他们记为“修饰语”,只有在做题目解释的时候才区分一下)。
prep1-188中,A选项"having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood",你可以把这个成分理解成状语,也可以理解为定语,修饰的都是Neuroscientists这个主体或这个主体发出的动作,只要你把having看做定语和状语时,句意理解起来是一样的,那么就没有歧义问题。
而prep1-97:Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.这里面having可能修饰pollutants,也可能修饰they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants整个分句,所以having产生了修饰歧义。
 
 
 
个人总结了一下关键看是否会产生歧义,但这个说法有点悬。。个人理解,一般情况下,having done 后置比较容易出问题,既可以修饰就近的名词,又可以修饰主语,还可以修饰整句话,就导致了歧义。。。所以having done若出现在句首,或者在  主语,having done.....,谓语 doing....这种结构中就不能以此作为错误的依据。。。
不知道理解得对不对

我对定语、状语的理解是这样的:有的时候同一个成分、结构可以做定语,也可以做状语,只要区分被修饰对象与结合时态等分析逻辑上能不能合理修饰就够了,没必要太在意是做定语还是做状语。也就是说,区不区分定语、状语都可以,关键是要明白定语和状语的功能都是“修饰”(有点像废话,不过我的意思是平时我统一把他们记为“修饰语”,只有在做题目解释的时候才区分一下)。
prep1-188中,A选项"having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood",你可以把这个成分理解成状语,也可以理解为定语,修饰的都是Neuroscientists这个主体或这个主体发出的动作,只要你把having看做定语和状语时,句意理解起来是一样的,那么就没有歧义问题。
而prep1-97:Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.这里面having可能修饰pollutants,也可能修饰they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants整个分句,所以having产生了修饰歧义。
 
 
 
个人总结了一下关键看是否会产生歧义,但这个说法有点悬。。个人理解,一般情况下,having done 后置比较容易出问题,既可以修饰就近的名词,又可以修饰主语,还可以修饰整句话,就导致了歧义。。。所以having done若出现在句首,或者在  主语,having done.....,谓语 doing....这种结构中就不能以此作为错误的依据。。。
不知道理解得对不对

作者: Raymond_GMAT    时间: 2009-10-28 23:04
having done 也对了,看来真的没有必对的技巧,呵呵,逻辑合理,简洁才是GMAC的通理
作者: zanyingsan    时间: 2009-11-2 17:39
已经有两道题就是因为看见 having done 被我排除了,那个是平行,这个算啥?插入语?
作者: xuxu2009    时间: 2009-11-6 15:33
已经有两道题就是因为看见 having done 被我排除了,那个是平行,这个算啥?插入语?
可以这么认为
作者: lxw19    时间: 2010-2-2 20:25
但A的主语和BE动词之间隔得好远啊,感觉很别扭
作者: cm_525    时间: 2010-2-3 13:31
请问its指代什么?
作者: avivazst    时间: 2010-4-27 19:14
A用法很对的
作者: tengjunshan    时间: 2010-8-17 12:41
在讨论GMAT语法的时候曾经说过,完成时态的ing形式不能做定语,但是这里的having amassed做的是伴随状语修饰的后面的are drawing,这是可以的,也就是说申请科学家正在得出结论,而得出结论的过程的伴随过程是在过去的20年中积累了很多关于什么什么的财富。
作者: AlohaDJ    时间: 2010-11-22 19:10
re楼上tengjunshan的说法。

个人总结的关于having done的用法是:不可做先行词的后置定语,但可以做句子的状语。
作者: waterlemonseed    时间: 2011-1-10 10:13
顶having done,我记得白勇里面提到,看到having done就可以直接不用看了,唉
作者: waterlemonseed    时间: 2011-1-10 10:21
外国网站上找到的,我觉得很有道理


Perfect Participle:

The perfect participle indicates completed action. You form the perfect participle by putting the present participle having in front of the past participle.

For example:-

Having done, having finished, having read, having spoken

It can be used to form the passive voice.

For example:-

Having improved her English Pia's promotion prospects were much better.

Option E indicates that "having kept" is a completed action. So, it is not correct.
作者: cptiger    时间: 2011-3-27 16:40
主语Neuroscientists后面两个逗号间插入的部分,不管是状语还是定语,都可以看成是插入语,那么把句子稍微变化一下:
having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, Neuroscientists are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
是不是再看,就可以看出来是做状语的。Having done结构做定语有问题,但是做状语是OK的,请NN们拍砖!
作者: clairezhao2010    时间: 2011-5-25 11:45
顶9楼的解释!!
作者: baibaobao    时间: 2011-11-27 15:50
是“插入语+逗号”隔开主句了
作者: ainiAnnie    时间: 2012-2-3 12:48
个人觉得这里加了 逗号, having done变成了状语吧。。。。
请NN指教。
作者: ptlove4ever    时间: 2012-2-3 13:24
可以把所有关于伴随状语的问题都汇聚到一块了,看来这是一大难点啊
作者: Tonybonaparte    时间: 2012-2-16 01:43
摘自非谓语动词 百度百科

现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:

  They went to the park,singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
  Having done his homework,he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。
作者: miffyflysky    时间: 2013-5-22 19:54
challen0707 发表于 2009-2-25 23:02
188.            (26379-!-item-!-188;#058 ...

(现在分词做伴随起到伴随动作和伴随结果两种功能,前者表示与主句动作同时发生,后者需要是主句动作的直接结果。当被修饰主句已经是完成时态,那么后面的现在分词本身就不可能再与主句动作发生在同一时刻,所以无法以 “伴随动作/状态”(逻主=主主,与主句谓语动作同时发生)的身份出现,只可能行使“伴随结果”(修前面整个句子)的功能)。drawing不是have amassed的直接结果,所以drawing无法做have amassed的伴随结果
作者: cician    时间: 2013-11-18 13:01
为什么没有小伙伴问这个问题?DE除了句子重心的问题,OG对DE的解释里边有一条:
this sentence attempts to attach a present-tense descriptor to a present-perfect clause.
是不是这句话就不对:
Tom has succeeded, doing anything he can.
因为 ing 不能attach 现在完成时?
作者: qiyouji    时间: 2014-3-7 19:27
miffyflysky 发表于 2013-5-22 19:54
(现在分词做伴随起到伴随动作和伴随结果两种功能,前者表示与主句动作同时发生,后者需要是主句动作的直 ...

36#说的太好了
作者: DeliciaAn    时间: 2014-4-1 18:22
alohabrian 发表于 2009-3-25 15:08
E的话,我还是觉得语法上没什么问题,就是 改变了 句子 的谓语 结构,因此改变了,句子的表一中心。要强调  ...

!!! 这个很对 我觉得
作者: mmmmmignon    时间: 2014-12-19 14:58
miffyflysky 发表于 2013-5-22 19:54
(现在分词做伴随起到伴随动作和伴随结果两种功能,前者表示与主句动作同时发生,后者需要是主句动作的直 ...

drawing 为什么不是amassed的直接结果呢....
就是因为有了这些知识才能draw a solid conclusion啊
作者: Hendy    时间: 2014-12-29 07:13
mmmmmignon 发表于 2014-12-19 14:58
drawing 为什么不是amassed的直接结果呢....
就是因为有了这些知识才能draw a solid conclusion啊 ...

我感觉所谓的伴随结果就是主句的动作自然而言的带来的结果,不需要再有新的动作。

譬如,

去年发生洪涝灾害,粮食减产。(粮食减产是洪涝灾害自然而然的结果,没有动作)

本题呢是amass后,然后肯定做了一些研究啊,探索啊工作才draw结果,中间有其它动作。

作者: fesche    时间: 2016-4-18 07:20
我做这题在句子谓语究竟是have amassed还是后面的are drawing这两点徘徊不前,本人笨笨不能知道句子的重心在哪里(发现我不是第一人),只能用语法知识去理解了(费力!)
先看容易看的点,BC的and不知道干嘛用的,排除掉,剩下ADE。ADE的区别在于have amassed和are drawing两个哪个是谓语,一个个来

A,having amassed放在neuroscientists后面,是一个描述主语的用作修饰名词用的,这个没问题,后面的句子也是可以的,放着不排除
D,now drawing是逗号+Ving,思考方式:

逗号与V-ing搭配出现在句尾时的规则:
1) V-ing表示伴随状语时,其逻辑主语必是主句主语,即主语主语能够发出V-ing的动作,且V-ing动作发生在主句动作发生的过程内;
2)V-ing表示结果状语时,其没有单纯的逻辑主语,造成V-ing动作的原因是整个主句主谓描述的内容;

对于1),drawing的逻辑主语是neuroscientists,但是可以从have amassed和now这两个看出,drawing动作不发生在主句动作发生的过程中,先amassed再出现drawing的,这个不对。
2)这个不是对于前半部分的结果,因为逻辑主语明显就是这个neuroscientists啊
这样子分析,就是DE用的drawing不对了。

欢迎NN分析对不对
作者: LuyanWang    时间: 2018-4-8 07:41
关于 D & E
除了改变了整个句子中心以外。看comma+ving 和时态问题

从Gmatclub上看到的。
comma+ving structure modifies the preceding clauses. It says about the effect of the preceding clauses or describes how the preceding clause happened.

1. the effect,可以, 积累知识和写报告是有independent relationship的。
2. how it happened, 这个在这里不通

所以我们继续看1.the effect.  have amassed 是现在完成时,表示过去的一个动作已经完成,强调对现在的影响。所以这个事情是已经完成的,整个主句的确对现在分词的部分有影响,微弱的因果关系。是满足现代分词作伴随状语的语法结构的。 comma + ving 在语法上是修饰主句的主语没问题。最终的问题出在了now.

"the main problem with D and E is "now"
doing take the tense of the main clause, "have massed" but "have massed" cannot go with "now". NOT LOGIC.

按照gmatclub 这个人的意思,ving phrase 是自动继承了主句的时态,和now代表的现在进行时冲突了。

作者: Sara.Z    时间: 2018-8-24 04:05
根据句意,重点是现在drawing solid conclusion, 所以D,E可以直接排除。C 时态丢失也算是改变句意的一种吧个人的理解, B 种后面跟着的 and are 可以直接排除答案。最后剩下的就是A。
(大多数的SC可以根据句意排除一部分答案,然后再分析语法部分来选取答案,如果觉得不太确定推荐排除法这样减少混乱,绝对错误的直接排除,剩下的就是正确答案。)




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