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标题: 关于不定式用法的知识点小结 [打印本页]

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-2 23:25
标题: 关于不定式用法的知识点小结
一、不定式做状语和定语的含义
名词后面直接加to do（不定式）要非常留意，特别置于句尾时往往会产生歧义：有可能作定语修饰名词，也有可能做状语修饰主句谓语。
不定式做状语的含义：
不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语大多保持一致，但具体还应该根据逻辑意思来判定（具体见2楼）。
不定式做定语的含义：
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
The next train to arrive is from Washington.
Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
Do you have anything to say on the question?
Would you please give me some paper to write on?
My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：
(1)表示将来的动作（例）。
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例）。
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例）。
两个不定式放在一起笨拙
不定式，表示的是“动作的目的”而不应该是“状态的目的
*：所以do A to do B里面to do B是修饰do A，而不是修饰A的

二、不定式的特殊用法：
当不定式修饰其逻辑宾语时，如Can you give me some work to do? 不定式的后面是不能带宾语的。
例如：
"its wavelength is too long to register" to register是修饰其逻辑宾语"its wavelength"的，所以，不定式to register后面不能再跟it了。(而且应该是register infrared radiation，这里it指代也是错的) （OG234）

三、不定式用法的注意点：
1、不定式不能单独在句末做修饰成分（此观点过于绝对，但有参考价值，还是留着不删了，仍待讨论）
不定式在GMAT中表示两层含义：1）表示目的，要求有合理的逻辑主语，2）表将来。
例一：(OG39--不能做定语)
例二：(prep2-122)不定式位于句尾，使用逗号与前句隔开――这种结构是一种错误的结构。
例三：(prep2-13) probably to help it位于句尾并用逗号隔开，但此处的隔开有一部分是因为probably存在的原因。仍未查到有官方题目允许不定式在句尾单独做成分。

2、在表达“很久以前就发生但是却最近才被发现”的事情时，用不定式比用一般现在时好。
Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one they believe to be of a type previously unknown to science.

3、plan(名词)和goal后面都只能跟to do结构以达到概念对等（plan做动词的话后面是plan on doing也可以plan to do sth.）。
---
如有遗漏或错误欢迎指出！

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-11 11:21:38编辑过]

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-2 23:31

不定式的句法功能：
主语、主语补语、宾语、宾语补语、名词词组修饰语、状语

1、不定式做主语
To hesitate is a pity.
但英语里倾向于用形式主语it来代替（不定式做宾语的时候也可以用形式宾语it来代替）：
It is a pity to hesitate.
注意点：不定式做主语时，也有逻辑主语。通常可以在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以用for引出。
如It is important for us to have a good grasp of Marxism.

2、做主语补语（也就是我们平时说的表语）
To see is to believe.
注意点：当前面主语里面有实意动词do（可以限定也可以非限定形式，即do,to do都可以）

3、不定式作宾语
两种形式：
A.动词+带to不定式分句

B.疑问词+带to不定式分句
注意点：如果句子结构是“主语+动词+不定式分句做宾语+补语”此时，要用形式宾语it来代替不定式，并把不定式放在补语后面：I find it difficult to understand him.

4、不定式做宾补（属于复杂宾语的一种）
如You can't rely on him to assist you.

5、做名词修饰语(大多情况做定语，有时候可以理解为做同位语，但通常是动词性名词才能够用to do来做同位修饰)

6、做状语
(1)表示目的
He went home to see his mother.
注意：表目的时，句子主语通常就是它的逻辑主语。

但有三种情况不定式有它自己的主语,但该主语可能并没有表示出来（依照逻辑判断）：
A.当不定式在由for引导的分句中：
例如sharon213举的例子.I stopped for you to see me.
B.当不定式跟在bring,send等动词+宾语后
如He brought a porter to carry the bags.
They sent a man to mend the window.
C.当不定式是被动形式时
I took my shoes to be mended.

但是有时候做状语还是宾语还是其他，形式上不容易区分：
She agreed to amuse the children.一般认为是agree的宾语
但是也可以看做状语，原句相当于She agree, in order/so as to amuse the children.
这时候可以加上in order/so as来避免这种歧义（这个用法尤其在不定式前有否定词not的时候如He wen early in order not to miss the train）。
注：不过GMAT里面in order to/so as to基本上都是必须简写成to的，因为没有歧义的存在,也不表示强烈语气（强烈语气一般不作为首要判断标准）。

(2)表示结果/随后发生的动作：
很多句型，比如：so... as to...; such as to...; such...as to...; enough to...;too...to...此时too做“过于”的解释
(有时候too...to...不一定表示否定意义和结果，比如I shall be only too pleased to get home=I shall be very pleased to get home，也就是too做“非常”的解释)

表示随后发生的动作的例子：
She woke early to find it was raining.
He went home to find his old friend George waiting for him.

(3)表示原因
She wept to hear the news.
I pretended to be happy to know him.
注意：表目的还是表结果还是表示原因形式上往往非常想似，所以要根据逻辑意思判断。可以在to前面加上in order/as to来理解一下能不能表示目的。也可以根据“只有表示原因的时候不定式的动作是发生在主句动词动作前面的来判断”。

7、在含有否定意义的带有介词except，but（做“除了”解释）的结构中不定式能做介词补足成分。
There is no alternative for the Arab states but to swallow the latter.
这个做介词补足成分的不定式带不带to取决于它前面是不是有实意动词do：
I hardly remember what I did besides read.
The child did nothing except weep.

8、形容词补足成分(这个不是GMAT考试重点)
三种：
(1).主句主语也就是不定式的逻辑主语
(2).主句主语也就是不定式的逻辑宾语
A.能够以不定式做主语并能转换为it形式主语的时候
Mary is easy to teach.(To teach Mary is easy,It is easy to teach Mary)
B.不能以不定式做主语。(除了上面A的情况其他都是B)，其实这种形式多用too...to...更直接
The coffee is bitter to taste.
(3)主语可以做不定式的逻辑主语，也可以做逻辑宾语
The clothes are easy to wash=The clothes wash easily.=It is easy to wash the clothes.

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-11 15:13:53编辑过]

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-3 00:45

好东西！！超级赞~

我最爱看别人的总结贴了，因为自己太懒了~~

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-3 00:47
不定式做状语，有例句看看么？？

作者: zjpopo 时间: 2008-12-3 10:29

UP!

Aeoluseros辛苦啦！

但是我还有个点，没弄明白——

“三、不定式用法的注意点：

1、不定式不能单独在句末做修饰成分：(OG39)(prep2-122)
不定式位于句尾，使用逗号与前句隔开――这种结构是一种错误的结构。” 这个部分的理论依据是什么？

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-3 11:20

好像是这样的~不定式几乎没有用逗号分开在句尾做状语的~~呵呵

作者: AlienX 时间: 2008-12-3 14:52
如果plan是動詞, 之後可以跟on....

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-3 15:59

以下是引用AlienX在2008-12-3 14:52:00的发言：
如果plan是動詞, 之後可以跟on....

恩！我补充一下·~

作者: Zeldaw 时间: 2008-12-3 18:05
有空就来学习一下：）

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-3 23:29
动词后面有for sb to do的时候，不定式的逻辑主语不一定是句子主语

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-3 23:45

以下是引用sharon213在2008-12-3 23:29:00的发言：
动词后面有for sb to do的时候，不定式的逻辑主语不一定是句子主语

发个例子上来吧，这个时候to do应该不是做状语。

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-3 23:51

I stopped for you to see me

作者: zjpopo 时间: 2008-12-4 00:20

以下是引用zjpopo在2008-12-3 10:29:00的发言：

UP!

Aeoluseros辛苦啦！

但是我还有个点，没弄明白——

“三、不定式用法的注意点：

我又看了白勇语法讲不定式这个部分。我想有关我的这个疑问，有点吹毛求疵了。不定式作修饰语（我的理解是定语和状语），没见过"句子，to do"这种用法，但是没有见过，并不能说明没有这样的用法，于是想把它的根给挖出来。不知道Aeolus和Alien有否明白我的想法？

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-4 08:27

以下是引用sharon213在2008-12-3 23:51:00的发言：

I stopped for you to see me

恩，这个例外我加上。GMAT里面不记得有见过这样的用法，不过确实存在。

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-4 10:32:23编辑过]

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-4 13:16

以下是引用zjpopo在2008-12-4 0:20:00的发言：

做定语不行，OG39已经明确指出。

做状语的话，我问了老师，她说不定式单独放在句尾作状语三种功能都是可以的(她也说了不会做宾语)，特别是前面的成分太长的时候，SVO, (only)+to do这个形式...

具体的还是继续查阅书籍...

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-11 11:21:06编辑过]

作者: sabriye 时间: 2008-12-10 10:47

关于这题的不定式做状语，我一直搞不明白，为什么要加it，不是说不定式是及物动词，就不要加宾语。是不及物动词，在动词后加介词就好。反正很少加宾语的嘛~~麻烦版主帮偶看看，谢谢

183.
Archaeologists in Ireland believe that a recently discovered chalice, which dates from the eighth century, was probably buried to keep from being stolen by invaders.

(A) to keep from

(B) to keep it from

(D) in order that it would avoid（B）

(E) in order to keep from

In choice A, the phrase from
being stolen lacks the necessary noun or pronoun that specifies what it is that might be stolen. Choice B is best because it provides the pronoun it, which refers to chalice. Like choice A, choices C and E lack the pronoun. D is wordy and awkward in its use of the passive voice. Moreover, avoid is used imprecisely in C and D because it illogically suggests that the chalice is acting to prevent its own theft.

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-10 12:51

to keep from这个动作是修饰buried表示目的的，同时也是一个需要接宾语的短语。

不定式省略其宾语就一种情况：不定式修饰的是其逻辑宾语，比如："its wavelength is too long to register"。

so...补出it是需要的

作者: AlienX 时间: 2008-12-10 14:32
12th floor的例句好像意思不對
I stopped for you to let you see me會比較make sense...
I stopped for you to see me看不出它的意思...

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-10 15:40
alien,不过我在章振邦语法里发现了类似的句子，所以我就加上了...因为不会产生什么ambiguity了感觉，不过GMAT里面是否允许我就没见过了...这种题目好像一个都没有

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-11 11:26:21编辑过]

作者: sabriye 时间: 2008-12-10 21:05

以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-12-10 12:51:00的发言：

to keep from这个动作是修饰buried表示目的的，同时也是一个需要接宾语的短语。

不定式省略其宾语就一种情况：不定式修饰的是其逻辑宾语，比如："its wavelength is too long to register"。

so...补出it是需要的

我任然不很明白，那什么时候不定式需要不出宾语什么时候需要省略呢？

还有上面这题不定式做目的状语，似乎逻辑主语不是句子主语啊？

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-11 12:10

以下是引用sabriye在2008-12-10 21:05:00的发言：

我任然不很明白，那什么时候不定式需要不出宾语什么时候需要省略呢？

还有上面这题不定式做目的状语，似乎逻辑主语不是句子主语啊？

只有不定式所修饰的对象是其逻辑宾语不定式后面的宾语才能够省略。而这里to keep from的修饰对象是was buried，或者可以说是bury的施动者，其修饰的不是它的逻辑宾语chalice，所以要补出it以避免歧义。

换个讲法可以参见这里：

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=477355&id=27198&page=1&skin=0&Star=3

作者: AlienX 时间: 2008-12-11 14:29
章振邦语法里发现了类似的句子<=可以post一下嗎? =D

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-11 15:13

sorry,我的一时疏忽没有贴上来，章振邦p1087的两个例句：
I stopped for him to speak to me.
He opened the door for the children to come in.

作者: sabriye 时间: 2008-12-11 23:41
明白了~~非常感谢

作者: 萍踪侠影 时间: 2008-12-11 23:46
好帖，双手双脚顶。。。

作者: sabriye 时间: 2008-12-12 09:37

171.
In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.

(A) so as to marry

(B) and so could be married to

(D) so that he could marry（D）

(E) in order that he would marry

The sentence calls for an adverbial clause of purpose to explain why Henry sought the annulment. D, the best choice, does this clearly and correctly. It is introduced by an appropriate conjunction, so that, and contains a logically appropriate verb form, could marry. Awkward and imprecise, A does not specify who is to marry Anne. B substitutes an illogical coordinate predicate for the needed purpose clause; because the annulment had not yet been granted, Henry could not remarry. C lacks an appropriate conjunction, and the infinitive clause to be married to... makes this choice awkward and unidiomatic. Although E uses an appropriate conjunction, in order that, the verb form would marry is unidiomatic and illogical (might marry would be better).

对了，那请问这题的C不能直接用to do是不是也是因为annulled的人不是king henry？？加上in order就ok了？in order to和不定式to do sth修饰有何不同呢？？

还有一个和不是不定式的问题：would这里说不好要用may、might是不是因为would会表示虚拟语气呢？

还有听说in order that后面不能加代词要用名词，版主听过这种说法么？可能是偶的问题太白痴了，顶了好几次后没人理555555麻烦版主一道看看吧，谢谢了

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-12 9:53:27编辑过]

作者: sabriye 时间: 2008-12-13 10:24
顶一下

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-14 12:43

以下是引用sabriye在2008-12-12 9:37:00的发言：

171.
In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.

(A) so as to marry

(B) and so could be married to

(D) so that he could marry（D）

(E) in order that he would marry

对了，那请问这题的C不能直接用to do是不是也是因为annulled的人不是king henry？？加上in order就ok了？in order to和不定式to do sth修饰有何不同呢？？

还有一个和不是不定式的问题：would这里说不好要用may、might是不是因为would会表示虚拟语气呢？

还有听说in order that后面不能加代词要用名词，版主听过这种说法么？可能是偶的问题太白痴了，顶了好几次后没人理555555麻烦版主一道看看吧，谢谢了

C lacks an appropriate conjunction, and the infinitive clause to be married to ... makes this choice awkward and unidiomatic.
umm...其实也不算不定式问题，be merried to 表示状态，get merried to 表示动作，c答案是表示动作所以be merried to 不对。除了这点，C里面前面是动作，to be married却表达一个状态，中间必须要有连接词。同样的C里面确实存在跟A一样的逻辑主语问题。

第二个，would在此不会产生虚拟语气的歧义，因为格式不符合。不用would是因为would是will的过去式，是一种比较肯定的语气，而henry当时还没有把她老婆休掉，所以不肯定不能用would.用语气并不是那么肯定的might.

最后一个说法没有听说过...OG里面出现过几次用in order that的，但是都没有说到后面跟代词是错的，而且我认为说某个表达方式后面不能跟代词没有根据，不符合逻辑(一不是固定搭配，二没有逻辑歧义或错误)。但是in order that没有so that简洁。

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-14 12:51:36编辑过]

作者: 拒信飞来 时间: 2008-12-14 12:53

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-14 12:57
哈哈，饿死我了吃饭去.

作者: sabriye 时间: 2008-12-14 23:01
非常感谢，版主大好人！！

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-16 13:33

借本帖宝地问个关于不定式的问题

70． Faced with an estimated$2 billion budget gap，the city's mayor proposed a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount allocated the previous year to maintain the city’s major cultural institutions and to subsidize hundreds of local arts groups．

(A) proposed a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount allocated the previous year to maintain the city's major cultural institutions and to subsidize

(B) proposed a reduction from the previous year of nearly 17 percent in the amount it was allocating to maintain the city，S major cultural institutions and for subsidizing

(C) proposed to reduce，by nearly 17 percent，the amount from the previous year that was allocated for the maintenance of the city’s major cultural institutions and to subsidize

(D) has proposed a reduction from the previous year of nearly 17 percent of the amount it was allocating for maintaining the city’s major cultural institutions．and to subsidize

(E) was proposing that the amount they were allocating be reduced by nearly 17 percent from the previous year for maintaining the city's major cultural institutions and for the subsidization

Parallelism + Grammar

The original sentence contains no errors．Each alternative introduces an error or adds unnecessary words．The sentence must use parallel construction to maintain and to subsidize
to show clearly the two areas where the 1 7 percent reduction in funds will be applied．In addition，the 1 7 percent reduction should be closely followed by the amount allocated the previon year to clarify what is being reduced by 1 7 percent．

A Correct．The sentence uses parallel construction and a well-placed modifier．

B To maintain and subsidizing are not parallel；imprecise，with unclear antecedent for it．

C For the maintenance and to subsidize are not parallel；wordy．

D For maintaining and to subsidize are not parallel；unclear whether only one budget is being reduce to subsidize the other activity；imprecise，with unclear antecedent for it．

E Maintaining and the subsidization are not parallel; unclear whether one activity's budget is being reduced to maintain or subsidize the other activity imprecise．with unclear antecedent for they．

The correct answer is A．

这题的A选项虽然是最平行的，可是读过一边马上就能感觉到不定式的修饰有歧义。to maintain 。。 and to subsidize 。。会被误认为修饰allocated，变成“削减的是去年allocated to maintain 。。 and to subsidize 。。的那部分资金，而不是修饰谓语proposed。

虽然E不平行，但好像for不会有这样的修饰一起嘛？？请斑斑指点一下

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-17 23:48:57编辑过]

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-16 21:33

ummm...这个题我认为是to maintain and to subsidize是优先修饰allocated的，而不是修饰proposed的。

首先，allocated to do sth.是固定搭配之一，其次不定式就近优先修饰allocated，再者，你再看未划线的Faced with an estimated$2 billion budget gap，既然财政预算有缺口了，那就需要填补空缺，而不是再多花费钱给文化产业(这不符合实际，在财政紧张的时候文化产业一般是后考虑的)。

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-17 11:14
发麻烦斑斑看一下红色部分，题目的意思好像是说这两个不定式是这个17%的减少将要被运用的地方

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-17 19:12
恩，我还是坚持原观点，大家再看看.

作者: 拒信飞来 时间: 2008-12-17 23:39

我对A有两个疑问：

（1）the city's mayor, proposed中的逗号怎么在主谓之间啊

（2）The sentence must use parallel construction to maintain and to subsidize
to show clearly the two areas where the 1 7 percent reduction in funds will be applied

中的apply修饰的是reduction，可不可以理解为17%的减少是指的是在这两个产业上将要实施的减少，分别减少对。。的维持和对。。的支助

我认为to maintain and to subsidize是修饰allocated，理由是根据逻辑意思，应该减少的是一些文化产业，要保全的是基本设施和温饱问题

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-12-17 23:39:56编辑过]

作者: sharon213 时间: 2008-12-18 00:03

真对不住，偶的错，多了个逗号拒信童鞋非常细心~~

偶明白了~

不是说这个17%的减少将要被用在to。。and to。。

而是说这个17%的减少将要被运用到对这两个方面的减少上去

不过这个the two areas where the 1 7 percent reduction in funds will be applied很容易就读成我之前想的那样了~

谢谢拒信同学和斑斑

作者: AlienX 时间: 2008-12-18 08:36
hmm...個人理解:
propose本身有一個目的的含意, 所以to do something不會修propose除了someone proposes to do something. 因為這個結構propose是有目的的含意, 可是to do something不是表目的, 它是在說propose去做什麼.
看了所有OG/Prep的題, propose的用法有如下:
someone proposes something...
someone proposes something that...
someone proposes that...

someone proposes to do something...
所以**感覺上**, 當propose之後的object/緊接著的infinitive出現後, 餘下的東東都不會修propose
==============================================
E中的that從句的subjunctive mood(...be reduced...)錯

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-18 14:33

以下是引用AlienX在2008-12-18 8:36:00的发言：
hmm...個人理解:
propose本身有一個目的的含意, 所以to do something不會修propose除了someone proposes to do something. 因為這個結構propose是有目的的含意, 可是to do something不是表目的, 它是在說propose去做什麼.
看了所有OG/Prep的題, propose的用法有如下:
someone proposes something...
someone proposes something that...
someone proposes that...

someone proposes to do something...
所以**感覺上**, 當propose之後的object/緊接著的infinitive出現後, 餘下的東東都不會修propose
==============================================
E中的that從句的subjunctive mood(...be reduced...)錯

哇，我没有思考到这个层次上...alien兄,thanks~~

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2008-12-18 14:41

以下是引用拒信飞来在2008-12-17 23:39:00的发言：

我对A有两个疑问：

（1）the city's mayor, proposed中的逗号怎么在主谓之间啊

（2）The sentence must use parallel construction to maintain and to subsidize
to show clearly the two areas where the 1 7 percent reduction in funds will be applied

中的apply修饰的是reduction，可不可以理解为17%的减少是指的是在这两个产业上将要实施的减少，分别减少对。。的维持和对。。的支助

我认为to maintain and to subsidize是修饰allocated，理由是根据逻辑意思，应该减少的是一些文化产业，要保全的是基本设施和温饱问题

impressive!

运用的是

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-2-4 19:16
up

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-2-4 19:23
请版主把这个帖子收集到GMAT语法讨论汇总，方便大家寻找。

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-2-4 23:03
还有一点疑问，关于不定式修饰逻辑问题

白勇 P167 Q41

Judge Bonham denied a motion to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of to confine them to a hotel

A. to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of to confine them to

B. that would have allowed members of the jury to go home at the end of each day instead of confined to

C.under which members of the jury are allowed to go home at the end of each day instead of confining them in

D.that would allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than confinement in

E.to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than be confined to

Key is E

如楼主所说，在这个例子里，to allow 即可以做状语修饰Judge Bonham denied a motion表目的，也可以做宾语只修饰motion。为何这里没有修饰歧义问题？

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-2-5 01:56
再问，NN指点迷津

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2009-2-5 02:13
因为前面是a motion，而如果to allow是做定语修饰motion的话说motion已经被限定了，则要用the motion.

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2009-2-5 02:14

以下是引用songlovegt在2009-2-4 19:23:00的发言：
请版主把这个帖子收集到GMAT语法讨论汇总，方便大家寻找。

恩，已加入

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-2-5 02:17
醍醐灌顶啊，多谢版主指点。
那么，如果改成the motion,这儿就不能用不定式了，有可能有修饰歧义？

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2009-2-5 02:22

以下是引用songlovegt在2009-2-5 2:17:00的发言：
醍醐灌顶啊，多谢版主指点。
那么，如果改成the motion,这儿就不能用不定式了，有可能有修饰歧义？

是的。

作者: iamyamy 时间: 2009-2-12 04:54

thanks so much

作者: alohabrian 时间: 2009-3-17 19:47
版主写的真好，顶》

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-4-9 19:28
再问版主
在判断不定式功能时

关于不定式用法的知识点小结

一、不定式做状语和定语的含义

名词后面直接加to do（不定式）要非常留意，特别置于句尾时往往会产生歧义：有可能作定语修饰名词，也有可能做状语修饰主句谓语。

如果句子中含有 be 动词，且不定式在句未，不定式短语是否只能做定语而非状语。具体说 A is B to do 不定式只能做定语修饰 B

是否可以将 be 动词作为此类句型判定不定式功能的依据？

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-4-9 21:41
还有一个问题，for doing 和 to do 的区别

先看个例子

gwd27——18

Q18:

The
Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft will orbit the
asteroid Eros for a year, slowly moving closer to the surface of the
object to make ever more precise measurements that scientists hope will enable them to understand how the solar system formed some four billion years ago.

to make ever more precise measurements that scientists hope will enable them to
to make ever more and more precise measurements, which scientists are hoping to enable them
for making ever more precise measurements, and scientists hope that they will be able to
with the purpose of making more precise measurements than ever, and which scientists hope will enable them to
in order to make more precise measurements than it ever did, and scientists are hoping they will be able to

为何不是A

表目的用for doing?

moving closer to the surface of the object to make ever more precise measurements
不定式在这儿有修饰歧义，作定语修饰 object to make 作状语修饰 move to make

for 可以表原因也可以表目的

是不是可以这样认为，表目的首选 to do 当不定式有修饰歧义时用 for 代替

作者: songlovegt 时间: 2009-4-12 03:44

Q18:

to make ever more precise measurements that scientists hope will enable them to
to make ever more and more precise measurements, which scientists are hoping to enable them
for making ever more precise measurements, and scientists hope that they will be able to
with the purpose of making more precise measurements than ever, and which scientists hope will enable them to
in order to make more precise measurements than it ever did, and scientists are hoping they will be able to

这题 GWD_TN 给的答案 A
但还是疑惑

不定式在这儿有修饰歧义，作定语修饰 object to make 作状语修饰 move to make

作者: tracy2009 时间: 2009-5-29 08:11

非常感谢版主的详细总结, 请问版主, 两个不定式放在一起难道是错误的吗?印象中好象是可以的, 但是OG140说两个不定式放在一起是awkerward?到底应该是怎样的呢?

(A) 140. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow
against to get through the harvest season, is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow
against to get through the harvest season, are

In B and D, the expression use as collateral to borrow against to get through...
awkwardly juxtaposes two infinitives and is unnecessarily redundant, since use as collateral and borrow against have the same meaning.

作者: AmyGMAT 时间: 2010-5-5 09:22
先顶上来！~

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2010-5-5 10:05

非常感谢版主的详细总结, 请问版主, 两个不定式放在一起难道是错误的吗?印象中好象是可以的, 但是OG140说两个不定式放在一起是awkerward?到底应该是怎样的呢?
(A)140. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(B)which farmers use as collateral to borrow
against to get through the harvest season, is
(D)which farmers use as collateral to borrow
against to get through the harvest season, are
In B and D, the expression use as collateral to borrow against to get through...
awkwardly juxtaposes two infinitives and is unnecessarily redundant, since use as collateral and borrow against have the same meaning.

-- by 会员 tracy2009 (2009/5/29 8:11:00)

个人认为B和D里面to get through读起来不知道是修饰to borrow against还是use as collateral，所以很笨拙。不定式连用常有这样的awkwardness存在.

作者: AmyGMAT 时间: 2010-5-5 10:10
斑斑，你能帮我解释一下“，to do”这种用法吗？很晕啊正在发帖求助~

作者: aeoluseros 时间: 2010-5-5 10:56

斑斑，你能帮我解释一下“，to do”这种用法吗？很晕啊正在发帖求助~

-- by 会员 AmyGMAT (2010/5/5 10:10:46)

嗯，replied.

作者: 胖胖胖胖 时间: 2010-10-21 21:52
标题: 谢谢~
谢谢楼主总结！！！

作者: chenhongwen1 时间: 2011-8-23 14:48
标题: 精彩的贴，不过个人还有点小问题，请求斑斑回答
79. The computer company has announced that it will
purchase the color-printing division of a rival company
for $950 million, which is part of a deal that will make
it the largest manufacturer in the officecolor-printing
market.
(A) million, which is part of a deal that will make
(8) million, a part of a deal that makes
(C) million, a part of a deal making
(D) million as a part of a deal to make
(E) million as part of a deal that will make

答案：E

记得讨论这道题D项错误的时候，有一个原因是to make有修饰a deal 或者 purchase 的歧义，但是照斑斑的说法to make要修饰a deal的话a deal必须改为the deal，这么说的话是不是D项的错误就不在于修饰歧义，而是修饰错误？因为从逻辑上make it the largest.....是肯定要修饰 deal的，而不是修饰purchase

还有一题：
128. Australian embryologists have found evidence that
suggests that the elephant is descended from an
aquatic animal, and its trunk originally evolving as a
kind of snorkel.
(A)that suggests that the elephant is descended
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolving

(B)that has suggested the elephant descended
from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally
evolving

(C)suggesting that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally
evolved

(D)to suggest that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal and its trunk originally
evolved

(E)to suggest that the elephant is descended from
an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally
evolved

(A)that suggests that the elephant is descended
from an aquatic animal, and its trunk originally
evolving

(B)that has suggested the elephant descended
from an aquatic animal, its trunk originally
evolving

(C)suggesting that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal with its trunk originally
evolved

(D)to suggest that the elephant had descended
from an aquatic animal and its trunk originally
evolved

(E)to suggest that the elephant is descended from
an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally
evolved

答案：E

E项不定式没有修饰 evidence 或have found的歧义是因为 evidence 前面没有加the??

作者: wtx2490467 时间: 2011-10-27 01:55
精,

作者: wbhsky 时间: 2012-2-28 23:43
MARK

作者: 白菜白菜 时间: 2012-3-28 12:21
非常好！谢谢楼主~~~

作者: laputa晔 时间: 2012-5-21 14:03
谢谢斑竹~

作者: Heather311 时间: 2012-9-25 17:48
THX A LOT!

作者: djmulder 时间: 2013-7-14 17:48
用法太多记不住.......

作者: Saraxia 时间: 2016-10-24 10:04
感谢分享！

作者: gongxiaorong 时间: 2017-4-12 03:51
不定式好帖

作者: iamfine9621 时间: 2017-7-17 23:24
好贴！！顶一下！

作者: jyzzyjcc 时间: 2017-11-12 13:09
Mark一下！

作者: jeffisid 时间: 2019-6-19 06:18
Mark

作者: ddding 时间: 2019-7-5 17:31

aeoluseros 发表于 2008-12-2 23:25
一、不定式做状语和定语的含义名词后面直接加to do（不定式）要非常留意，特别置于句尾时往往会产生歧义： ...

Mark一下！

作者: mrtl 时间: 2019-8-1 22:57

aeoluseros 发表于 2008-12-2 23:25
一、不定式做状语和定语的含义名词后面直接加to do（不定式）要非常留意，特别置于句尾时往往会产生歧义： ...

看一下！

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