我不知道我的这个问题有没人愿意回答
32.题
答案C导致要发射更多的satellites, 但发射satellites多,mishap绝对数当然会增加,但失败比例应该不变吧? 保险公司是根据失败次数还是失败率来增加premiums?
选项B, "the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint"暗示不能通过改进技术来减少mishap吗?
谢谢
谢谢leeon, 我题干看差了, insurers underwrite launching and operating of satellites; 所以C项的satellites break down frequently (operating)直接就导致premium high, 不需要等到launching失败才导致premium high.
但: OG解释说B项支持费用不变: the impossibility of pinpointing the causes of failure, metioned in B, is consistent with the cost of satellites remaining stable. 我想问的是B项如何与费用稳定一致?
BTW,跟48题类似的还有OG的137题,体会一下,就明白了!
按我自己给这种题按了一个大白话的解释——原题意是要在低免疫系统和低精神健康两个相联系的指标中,建立因果推导关系。所以假设其中一个推导方向不能成立是建立另一个方向的推导成立的前提(好象这话说得太绕了,将就着看吧……希望对你有帮助哦!)
热心的scots MM, 这是个2月份的旧帖, 被我翻出来问32题的B选项.
楼主说不定早功成身退了. 我替他谢谢你了.
OG32我也有点想不通,我觉得A和D都有道理:
如D:不能大批量生产从而没有规模效益难道不是卫星成本高的一个前提吗?对D取非,如果可以实现规模效益,那卫星的成本不就不会上升了吗?
如A:由于保费很高,占卫星成本比重大,这样保费的增加(由于事故增加)才会导致卫星整个成本上升。否则如果保费占卫星成本很小的话,那保费的增加应该不会导致卫星成本的相应增加了。
你想到批量生产卫星,似乎想远了
A选项的意思是不容易分保,但是这个问题只和提干中一个因素有关,似乎是不够的。
我的解释好象缺乏说服力。不过如果你的想法和OG不一样,还是想他为什么那样想,并想办法和他一样的为上策。
我认为c充分利用了文章的所有推导,因为更为适合。
Which of the following, if true, taken together with the information above, best supports the
conclusion that the cost of television satellites will continue to increase?
注意问题中有continue,因此选项中应可以表达出循环的意向
the greater..., the more...涉及原文关键词并表达出了一种循环,因此容易从句式上判断是正确的.
而且这种循环正确选项的关键词往往是文中最前和最后出现的,在此题正确选项中
C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those
satellites break down.
Performance 在文中最末一个分句和break down相当于mishap
另外,原文中This, in turn, has added to the pressure to squeeze more performance out of currently operating
satellites.出现了in turn,也表示选项中应出现循环
不知道这样理解可以嘛?
32 题 A 看似对的,但仔细分析不对。因为虽然单个卫星保费高了,但数量也减少了,所以总体费用不一定增加。
As a result,insurance premiums shot up, making satellites more expensive to launch and operate. This, in
turn, has added to the pressure to squeeze more performance out of currently operating
satellites.------因为保险金猛增,以后卫星的制造和运行就会更贵,从而导致了要在当前正在运行的卫星上获取更好的PERFORMANCE。
C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those
satellites break down.---卫星被要求的PERFORMANCE越高,卫星就越容易BREAK DOWN,从而又必然导致保险增加。电视卫星的费用也就增加了。
我个人觉得不必要去追究是否存在循环,这题的关键也不在continue,而在陈述与问题本身。陈述说:squeeze more performance out of satellites,问题是taken together with the information above,也就是说要选一项,这一项呢要与陈述结合才能得出电视卫星成本还要继续上升的结论。所以这样一来也只有选项C能够符合以上要求啦。demands placed on satellites直接对应陈述中的squeeze,假设C正确,即demands越多,卫星越容易坏。那么容易坏就直接导致成本上升。
不知道是不是解释正确。
卫星的制造和运作总出事故=〉保险金飙升=〉近期卫星操作增加更多的性能(大概本来想确保卫星减少事故)
C: 性能越多,卫星毁坏更频繁=>事故更多=〉保险金继续增加
同意continue说,补充一下解释一下上面大家讨论到的两个排除项:
A中提到卫星的承保方很难实现分保的操作,暗示是保费就会高,这给出了保费高的原因,但不能得出保费会持续增高的结论。
B中提到卫星失事的原因很难查出,暗示是减少了通过改善技术来降低失事频率的可能性,也就是说这给出了保费不能降低的原因(这就是OG中is consistent with the cost of satellites remaining stable的意思),同样不能得出保费会持续增高的结论。
Which of the following, if true, taken together with the information above, best supports the
conclusion that the cost of television satellites will continue to increase?
注意问题中有continue,因此选项中应可以表达出循环的意向
the greater..., the more...涉及原文关键词并表达出了一种循环,因此容易从句式上判断是正确的.
而且这种循环正确选项的关键词往往是文中最前和最后出现的,在此题正确选项中
C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those
satellites break down.
Performance 在文中最末一个分句和break down相当于mishap
另外,原文中This, in turn, has added to the pressure to squeeze more performance out of currently operating
satellites.出现了in turn,也表示选项中应出现循环
不知道这样理解可以嘛?
和我的想法完全一样,支持结论的重点应在continue,而不是A强调的已经造成保险金增加的原因。C在题干尾处的additional pressure和题干头处的mishaps间架桥,从而形成循环 continue。
题干推理: 卫星灾难-->保费增加-->卫星运作成本高-->更多节目被挤掉(暗示-->节目上卫星的需求更大)
问题:找出一隐含前提,与题干的信息一起可得出"卫星的成本会继续上升"的结论.
C:放在卫星的节目的需求越大,卫星灾难越频繁.-----就是这一隐含前提或假设条件.
---题干推理: 卫星灾难-->保费增加-->卫星运作成本高-->更多节目被挤掉(暗示-->节目上卫星的需求更大)应为对卫星的表现的要求就越高
问题:找出一隐含前提,与题干的信息一起可得出"卫星的成本会继续上升"的结论.
C:放在卫星的节目的需求越大应为对卫星的表现的要求越高,卫星灾难越频繁.-----就是这一隐含前提或假设条件.
同意21楼的说法!
这道题之所以选C,是因为C选项是桥梁型的加强,也就是刚才大家说的所谓循环,这样本身自己就可以成为一个正反馈系统,加强的程度更深!
而A选项,是一个它因型加强。加强程度没有C那么强烈。。。
to beautyup:
我感觉好像A/D/E都只能说明现在的成本高,并不能回答“公司的压榨行为”是否会导致“成本是否继续上升”
here is my two cents:
A. Since the risk to insurers of satellites is spread over relatively few units, insurance premiums are necessarily very high. —>只说明现在的事故造成的成本高,没说公司的措施会不会使以后的成本更高
B. When satellites reach orbit and then fail, the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint with confidence. —>找不到卫星掉下来的原因,所以没有针对性的解决方法,因此卫星成本也不会改变(依然会很高)
C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those satellites break down. —>找出原文的循环:压榨越大,掉下来的可能性越大(接着原文的论述:越坏掉,成本越高)
D. Most satellites are produced in such small numbers that no economies of scale can be realized. —>因为生产规模小所以贵,跟压榨后更贵无关
E. Since many satellites are built by unwieldy(笨拙的,不实用的) international consortia(银行团), inefficiencies are inevitable. —>银行低效,势必造成现在的成本高,但跟公司的压榨措施会不会造成以后的成本上升无关
欢迎讨论!
同意楼上观点,
补充:
实际上楼上的几位朋友早就指出了,这题的关键是 CONTINUE TO INCREASE ( COST)所以 正确答案必须反映这点(好象14楼还大量总结了 CONTINUE在题目中的关键性,只是不知道这点在逻辑里有没有代表性)。
继续讨论!
我觉得确实是循环的论证关系,但是有个sueeque more performance到底是什么意思呢?
我觉得确实是循环的论证关系,但是有个sueeque more performance到底是什么意思呢?
同问!!!!
没有想明白这道题目。
题干说从目前运行的卫星中排除掉更多的性能,而答案却说性能越多,掉下来的几率越大,结论不是刚好说明成本不会升高了吗?
自问自答一下:这里的squeeze out 类似于demand的意思,对不?
不好意思,翻个旧贴~
squeeze more performance out of currently operating satellites意思是:对现有卫星使用更多
the greater the performance demands places on satellites,the more frequently those staellites break down.意思是:越多使用这些卫星,越容易出故障。
忘了什么题了,记得以前说循环论证这种方法是不可靠的,前者结论为后者前提,后者结论为前者前提,结果是两个证明都不对。哪个还记得例题的灌上来
顶continue论,记得培训的时候老师也说过,推理的一致性原则,这个提干中的continue和C中的the more...the more...应该就是这个原则的体现把,窃以为收益颇丰
谢各位百忙中无人回帖,我终于看懂了,再次谢谢大家!
我的理解:
原因(前提)(条件)
大批电视卫星发射和运作失败-à保险费用增加à卫星电视成本增加-à当前运作卫星成效更多.(ETS的出题点)
结论:
卫星成本将继续增加.(up,动态趋势)
(结论指:什么导致成本有增加的趋势.---如:保险费用有增加趋势,卫星电视成本也有增加趋势,)(动态趋势)
(结论不是指:成本高低的问题:如:保险费用高,卫星电视成本高,)(静态状态)
Which of the following, if true, taken together with the information above, best supports the conclusion that the cost of television satellites will continue to increase?
A. Since the risk to insurers of satellites is spread over relatively few units, insurance premiums are necessarily very high.(因为卫星保险公司风险被分散到相对少的unit,所以保险费用必定非常高的.)(只是说明费用高,导致成本高,却没有说明费用高将导致成本有增加趋势.)(某点去说明趋势)
A describes factors relevant to costs, but there is no reason to think that the situation described in the passage will cause the costs resulting from these factors to increase.
B. When satellites reach orbit and then fail, the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint with confidence.(当卫星到了轨道,接着失败;失败的原因通常由于保密性很难查明)
(1,说明卫星成本还在那里,)(2,成本仍然是平稳的.)(没有说明成本有增加趋势.)
Similarly, the impossibility of pinpointing the cause of failure, mentioned inB, is consistent with the cost of satellites remaining stable.
C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those satellites break down.(强加在卫星上成效要求越高,卫星break down也越频繁)(说明保险费用将越高,成本有增加趋势)(趋势证明趋势)
According to the passage, satellite mishaps caused a surge in insurance claims, which, in turn, caused increased insurance premiums.Higher premiums made the satellites more costly, resulting in increased performance demands, if C is true, the greater demands on performance will lead to further increases in costs by increasing the number of mishaps, and thus pushing insurance premiums still higher. Thus, C is the best answer.
D. Most satellites are produced in such small numbers that no economies of scale can be realized.(大部分卫星都是小数量生产,不存在规模经济)(说明成本高,没有说明成本增加趋势) (某点去说明趋势)
D describes factors relevant to costs, but there is no reason to think that the situation described in the passage will cause the costs resulting from these factors to increase.
E. Since many satellites are built by unwieldy international consortia, inefficiencies are inevitable(因为许多卫星是由笨拙的interational consortia构建,它的无效性不可避免的.)(说明有成本,而且高,没有说明成本有增加趋势) (某点去说明趋势)
E describes factors relevant to costs, but there is no reason to think that the situation described in the passage will cause the costs resulting from these factors to increase.
to beautyup:
我感觉好像A/D/E都只能说明现在的成本高,并不能回答“公司的压榨行为”是否会导致“成本是否继续上升”
here is my two cents:
A. Since the risk to insurers of satellites is spread over relatively few units, insurance premiums are necessarily very high. —>只说明现在的事故造成的成本高,没说公司的措施会不会使以后的成本更高
B. When satellites reach orbit and then fail, the causes of failure are generally impossible to pinpoint with confidence. —>找不到卫星掉下来的原因,所以没有针对性的解决方法,因此卫星成本也不会改变(依然会很高)
C. The greater the performance demands placed on satellites, the more frequently those satellites break down. —>找出原文的循环:压榨越大,掉下来的可能性越大(接着原文的论述:越坏掉,成本越高)
D. Most satellites are produced in such small numbers that no economies of scale can be realized. —>因为生产规模小所以贵,跟压榨后更贵无关
E. Since many satellites are built by unwieldy(笨拙的,不实用的) international consortia(银行团), inefficiencies are inevitable. —>银行低效,势必造成现在的成本高,但跟公司的压榨措施会不会造成以后的成本上升无关
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