124. (31091-!-item-!-188;#058&004372)
Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they
(D) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution
(E) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
BCD中的 if substituted...if used...有没有问题，感觉这个如果是省略的主语了
C好像没啥明显错误啊
我觉得B,C,D中：if + 过去式，表达了一种非真实条件了，好像是不可能实现的一样
C中第一个they，指代错误，应该是那个使用肥料的过程造成污染，也就是像A所说的use造成了污染。
如果表达一种不可能实现的，应该用虚拟了，这里也没有用虚拟阿
124. (31091-!-item-!-188;#058&004372)
Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they
(D) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, while if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, this substitution
(E) the increased usage of these fertilizers can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, while their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
BCD中的 if substituted...if used...有没有问题，感觉这个如果是省略的主语了
C好像没啥明显错误啊
那你通过别的方式去除错误选项。 Ｂ，Ｅ错在举例用like, 可以排除。Ｄ中substituted for 和 substitution啰嗦。 Ｃ中语气不对，句子想表达是转折含义，但Ｃif表示了假设。。。如果。。。的含义。所以在ＧＭＡＴ中对于if 的出现我觉得一定要用语气来看是否对。
昨晚脑子不清楚，确实没用虚拟...只是省略了主语和be动词
if substituted for more traditional fertilizers这个用法是对的,只是第一跟前面不平行对称，第二后面的主语it，they指代不清。
这个要看状态，我觉得有时候一眼看到就知道了...
你像化肥不去用怎么会污染环境呢...棒子也是要乱丢才会砸到花花草草的
回LS
不是an increase 产生environmental problems,而是 an increase in their use (合成化肥使用的增长)会产生environmental problems.
Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they
这个帖子是我去年发的，今天再看居然又有新的感觉。
songlovegt我现说说我得看法哈。
1）whereas可以做连词引导句子，而C中变成了 whereas...., if...and if.... 都是连词引导的从句了，主句就没有了。
而A中则是 whereas..., an increas...and....主从句很清楚
2）they的指代，在C中they从逻辑意思上看是指代these fertilizers,而these fertilizers又指代synthetic fertilizers，也就是说“这个合成化肥会导致严重的环境问题”逻辑上：不是化肥造成环境问题(合成化肥如果不使用呢)，而是使用合成化肥造成环境问题。有点儿咬文嚼字的感觉了~
欢迎排砖~
songlovegt我现说说我得看法哈。
1）whereas可以做连词引导句子，而C中变成了 whereas...., if...and if.... 都是连词引导的从句了，主句就没有了。
而A中则是 whereas..., an increas...and....主从句很清楚
2）they的指代，在C中they从逻辑意思上看是指代these fertilizers,而these fertilizers又指代synthetic fertilizers，也就是说“这个合成化肥会导致严重的环境问题”逻辑上：不是化肥造成环境问题(合成化肥如果不使用呢)，而是使用合成化肥造成环境问题。有点儿咬文嚼字的感觉了~
欢迎排砖~
谢谢楼主，我赞同第一条，但是对第二条有异议，C中明明有条件句，表明了只有用多了时候，化肥才造成环境问题。首先条件句已经肯定了使用，其次限定了条件，只有在增加了使用量的前提下，化肥造成环境问题才成立。
再来看一个答案选项含有if 条件句的例子
114. (30583-!-item-!-188;#058&004275)
A study on couples' retirement transitions found that women who took new jobs after retiring from
their primary careers reported high marital satisfaction, more than when retiring completely.
(A) more than when retiring
(B) more than if they were to retire
(C) more so than those who retired
(D) which was more so than those retiring (C)
(E) which was more than if they had retired
我觉得从语法的角度(B)也没错，只是使用了条件句，变成了hypothesis。另但从原句来看，看不出原意是women自己和自己比，还是和另一伙人比。所以但从those角度排除选项比较牵强。
这么看来，答案中如果改用if条件句，好像都是错误答案选项。可能太绝对，如发现反例，请告知。
上边这倒题是比较 more than前后比较对象要对等，if....显然不对等，所以从语法上来说是错的。
比较对象是：没有完全退休的女人和完全退休的女人，不是同一伙人，所以用those比较合理比起they。
但是我还是不觉得if条件从句是判断的依据。
Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world, an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
(A) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and their substitution for more traditional fertilizers
(B) an increase in their use can create serious environmental problems like water pollution, and if substituted for more traditional fertilizers, it
(C) if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they
这个帖子是我去年发的，今天再看居然又有新的感觉。
songlovegt我现说说我得看法哈。
1）whereas可以做连词引导句子，而C中变成了 whereas...., if...and if.... 都是连词引导的从句了，主句就没有了。
而A中则是 whereas..., an increas...and....主从句很清楚
2）they的指代，在C中they从逻辑意思上看是指代these fertilizers,而these fertilizers又指代synthetic fertilizers，也就是说“这个合成化肥会导致严重的环境问题”逻辑上：不是化肥造成环境问题(合成化肥如果不使用呢)，而是使用合成化肥造成环境问题。有点儿咬文嚼字的感觉了~
欢迎排砖~
我对第一条有异议，怎么就没有主句了呢？
Whereas the use of synthetic fertilizers has greatly expanded agricultural productivity in many parts of the world,if these fertilizers are used increasingly, they can create serious environmental problems such as water pollution, and if used as substitutions for more traditional fertilizers, they may accelerate soil structure deterioration and soil erosion.
红色部分不就是主句么
例句：If you need money, I can lend you some.
你不能说他没有主句啊，照这样说法，那岂不是所有条件句都没有主句了？？
我觉得还是得从代词指代和逻辑上来判断
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