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标题: prep 2-139 对语法笔记正确选项解释的疑问 [打印本页]

作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-15 06:16
标题: prep 2-139 对语法笔记正确选项解释的疑问

prep 2-139:

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore 

A. them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

B. them that have fingerlike projections that poke through an opening located at the top of the taste bud, which they call the taste pore

C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

D. which having fingerlike projections that poke through an opening, which is called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud

E. which have fingerlike projections that are poking through an opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore

answer C,

A,B,D,E都能够被排除没问题

--------------------------------------------------------------------

对于C我的看法是

which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud,这个句子部分,通过located,called前面都没有连词可以肯定不是跟前面的句子并列,而是只是做为插入语或者同位语存在。

the opening:小孔   taste pore:味孔

说明taste pore应该是修饰the opening的。

所以说明了called the taste pore是插入语,located at the top of taste bud 是后置定语修饰the opening.

------------------------------------------

而prep语法里的解释是:called the taste pore和located at the top of taste bud 都是修饰fingerlike projections 的,我想prep语法的解释是不是错了,另外,我上面对C的看法是对是错呢


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-15 6:18:39编辑过]

作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-15 10:04
agree
作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-16 21:33
以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-15 6:16:00的发言:

prep 2-139:

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of them has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of the taste bud called the taste pore 

C. which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

--------------------------------------------------------------------

对于C我的看法是

which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud,这个句子部分,通过located,called前面都没有连词可以肯定不是跟前面的句子并列,而是只是做为插入语或者同位语存在。

the opening:小孔   taste pore:味孔

说明taste pore应该是修饰the opening的。

所以说明了called the taste pore是插入语,located at the top of taste bud 是后置定语修饰the opening.

------------------------------------------

而prep语法里的解释是:called the taste pore和located at the top of taste bud 都是修饰fingerlike projections 的,我想prep语法的解释是不是错了,另外,我上面对C的看法是对是错呢


我今天也做到这道PREP里面,偶认为最难的题目了,还是疑惑:

 PREP的解释:“called 和located均修饰fingerlike projections”--如果都是修饰projection的,那么应该有连词and 吧?

aeoluseros 的解释called the taste pore是插入语修饰opening,located at the top of taste bud 是后置定语修饰the opening

--------同上,如果都是修饰opening ,那两个修饰语也应该有and啊。

所以,偶的看法:

fingerlike
            
projections [poking through the opening], called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud.

called the taste pore 修饰的是前面的核心词projection, 而后面的located 是就近修饰taste pore。---这样的理解符合分词就近修饰的原则

翻译下:

Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells, each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of the taste bud。

味蕾(tastebuds)由50到100个味觉细胞(tastecells)组成,每个味觉细胞上都有手指状的小突起伸向opening,这些小突起叫做味孔(taste pore),味孔分布在味蕾的顶端。

网上搜来的背景知识:(支持偶的翻译,说明是味蕾的顶部是味孔,也即locate是修饰taste pore的)

味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器.由三种细胞组成:
(1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能.

味蕾(tastebuds)由50到100个味觉细胞(tastecells)组成,每个味觉细胞上都有手指状的小突起伸向opening,这些小突起叫做味孔(taste pore),味孔分布在味蕾的顶端。

网上搜来的背景知识:(支持偶的翻译,说明是味蕾的顶部是味孔,也即locate是修饰taste pore的)

味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器.由三种细胞组成:
(1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能.

这道题目废了我将近一个小时理解, 还忘xdjm 多多批判!


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-16 21:39:21编辑过]

作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-16 22:35

我也查到那个资料了

2.味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器。由三种细胞组成:
 (1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能。

顶部的味毛才是fingerlike projections(长梭形突起),所以深入味孔应该也就是 poking through the opening这个动作,所以味孔应该是指 the opening。

called the taste pore 修饰的是前面的名词the opening,

而后面的located 是就近修饰taste pore。-----这个我同意。


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-16 22:39:15编辑过]

作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-16 22:47
umm....no, "located..."是在修the opening

作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-16 22:54

恩,我也同意dingxiang的说法。projection这个词很难理解。

有个小问题, v.-ed 这个分词短语,如果是紧跟名词或名词短语,那就修饰名词和名词短语;

如果像C这样,逗号+v-ed呢?一定修饰相邻名词么?


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-16 23:19
以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-16 22:54:00的发言:

恩,我也同意dingxiang的说法。projection这个词很难理解。

有个小问题, v.-ed 这个分词短语,如果是紧跟名词或名词短语,那就修饰名词和名词短语;

如果像C这样,逗号+v-ed呢?一定修饰相邻名词么?

偶觉得大多数情况吧

貌似分词都是就近修饰, 除非这个就近的名词是另外一个名词的修饰语,就像这道题目的  called  跳跃修饰前面的核心词 projections


作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-17 03:55
dingxiang,你看一下我的4楼的说法...我认为called是修饰the opening
作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-17 13:21
以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-17 3:55:00的发言:
dingxiang,你看一下我的4楼的说法...我认为called是修饰the opening

不太同意

还是 分词修饰的问题,

不过,注意到这里的called前面有个逗号,而我认为这个逗号决定了called的修饰对象

先撇开这道题目,我们 看看OG和大全是怎么来的(分词做定语不多唉,多是做状语的):

24.     For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.

C    Correct. In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items.

OG说protecting修饰 items, 也就是分词前面的名词词组里面的核心词。

 

忘了在哪个帖子里的某位nn讲:

(1)that定语从句: 限定性

(2)wh系列定语从句: 非限定性 (有时是限定性的,要看’,’)

(3)现在分词定语: 非限定性 (这种通常是省略来的,要补回去后再做判断)

【我认为, 逗号+分词是非限定性, 不加逗号则是限定性】

(4)with短语作定语: 限定性

 

那么既然这道题目,前面有逗号,可以推测是非限定性,也就相当于

projections (poking through the opening),which is called the taste pore

 各位觉得which 应该指代哪个呢?我个人是一直认为非限定性定从的指代是指代前面的核心词的。

projections (poking through the opening),which is called the taste pore

 各位觉得which 应该指代哪个呢?我个人是一直认为非限定性定从的指代是指代前面的核心词的。

如果像你说的指代opening, 那么完全不需要逗号,应该写成
                    

fingerlike projections poking through the opening called the taste pore

实在晕,感谢各位看官这么耐心,看完偶的胡言乱语。

在考场上这道题目只能用排除法了。因为逻辑意思实在太模糊了。

最好别让我碰到, 阿弥陀佛,阿门~~~~~~~~

 


作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-17 13:49

首先,fingerlike projections是手指状突起,不可能是 taste pore味孔,证据如下:

2.味蕾 卵圆形小体,顶部有味孔,主要分布于菌状乳头和轮廓乳头,是味觉感受器。由三种细胞组成:
 (1)味细胞 (又称暗细胞)呈长梭形,位于味蕾中央,细胞顶部的味毛深入味孔,肌部与味觉神经末梢构成突触,具味觉功能。

所以顶部的味毛才是fingerlike projections(长梭形突起),所以深入味孔应该也就是 poking through the opening这个动作,所以味孔应该是指 the opening。

生物学角度,符合 taste pore是the opening的解释。

其次:

我个人是一直认为非限定性定从的指代是指代前面的核心词的。

看来我们的异议就在“其次”里说的,非限定性定从指代的是不是前面的核心词,我认为除非是前面的那个名词无法正确修饰了,或者说前面那个名词处于一个插入语中,才会可能跳跃修饰的,否则都是直接修饰前面那个名词。

白勇里也有说到,-ed分词短语与其前面的那个名词有非常紧密的修饰关系(很奇怪他为什么不提ing分词短语,这点不知道谁能解释一下...)。

还待各位看官评判

应该不会遇上这种题吧。。。啊们。。。保佑我们


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 14:28

你们俩都是长篇大论的呀,看得我好晕阿。

我一直也在想这个问题,这里的两个v-ed显然是就近修饰.....


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-17 16:25

恩,

看完 楼主的解释, 应该是这样的吧。

分词做定语真是不多,所以拿不出很多例子来。

姑且认为分词就是就近修饰的吧


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 20:17

找到两个例子,先放在这:

Asset allocators create portfolios, often in the form of mutual funds, with the intention to turn in good results in both “bull” and “bear” markets.

(A)   with the intention

(B)   the intention of which is

(C)   intended

(D)   and intending

(E)    so intended as

Ans--(C)

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.

A. with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were

B. with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,

C. of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had been

D. of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each

E. of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms each had been

Ans--(B)


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 20:22

大全110.     An attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite efforts by many important groups, including the National Organization for Women.

(A) to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago,

(B) begun almost two decades ago, for ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment

(C) begun for ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment almost two decades ago

(D) at ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago,

(E) that has begun almost two decades ago to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment

选A


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-17 20:35:43编辑过]

作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 20:24

11. Based on accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea, “the good goddess.”

(A) Based on accounts of various ancient writers

A错了,OG解释:In choice A, the introductory clause beginning Based on modifies scholars, the noun that immediately follows it: in other words, A says that scholars were based on the accounts of various ancient writers.
    

247. Faced with an estimated $2 billion budget gap, the city’s mayor proposed a nearly 17 percent reduction in the amount allocated the previous year to maintain the city’s major cultural institutions and to subsidize hundreds of local arts groups.


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 20:28

2.Our rate of teenage pregnancies is among the highest in the industrialized world, being exceeded only by Chile, Hungary, Romania, Cuba, and Bulgaria.
(A) is among the highest in the industrialized world, being exceeded only by
(B) is among the highest in the industrialized world, exceeded only by that of
(C) are among the highest in the industrialized world, only exceeded by
(D) is among the highest in the industrialized world, and exceeds only
(E) are among the highest in the industrialized world, and they exceed those of only
这题答案是b。

搜出来一题比较复杂的.....看来过去分词的用法和现在分词差不多.....

下面有人进一步举例:

可以作状语的:He soon fall asleep,exhausted by the journey.


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 20:34

类比一下,好像反而使V-ing的现在分词,不能用逗号+v.-ing, 表示对名词的修饰;

而这个过去分词,在OG里面普遍的用法有两个:

1)句首,修饰主句主语;

2)n.+(,)v.-ed, 修饰相邻的名词和名词短语,有没有逗号区别不大;

3)在句尾修饰主句主语,或者做伴随壮语的情况不多;

4)在句尾的时候,会不会有歧义,要结合整道题目判断.........


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 20:35

这个....基本上出现的情况少....

大家继续多多谈论呀.......


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-17 21:49

感谢熊猫妹妹鼎力

但问题是这道题目前面争论的关键是过去分词做定语的时候,碰到前面有复杂的名词词组,不如不只一个名词的时候,是否可以跳跃修饰?

我之前的理解是可以的,正如定从是修饰核心词,

但看了楼主的中文解释,又觉得就近修饰在本题中确实妥当些。

至于分词做定语和做状语的情况,确实做状语的多些,尤其在句末,但在句末会有歧义。 在句首,是做定语的,也就牵涉到逻辑主语的问题。


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-17 21:59

我觉得,跳跃修饰没什么问题;

关键是逻辑意义,这题应该还是就近修饰...

open to discuss


作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-17 23:10
..,verb-ed...**一般**是修comma之前的noun/noun phrase
可是如果comma之前的是插入短語, 要skip插入短語...


作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-17 23:12
以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-17 20:34:00的发言:

类比一下,好像反而使V-ing的现在分词,不能用逗号+v.-ing, 表示对名词的修饰;

而这个过去分词,在OG里面普遍的用法有两个:

1)句首,修饰主句主语;

2)n.+(,)v.-ed, 修饰相邻的名词和名词短语,有没有逗号区别不大;

3)在句尾修饰主句主语,或者做伴随壮语的情况不多; 

4)在句尾的时候,会不会有歧义,要结合整道题目判断.........

很同意这个结论...

关于3)在句尾修饰主句主语,或者做伴随壮语的情况不多;  我认为除非ed短语前面的不是名词或者修饰前面名词的话逻辑明显不对,否则基本上九成九是做定语的。


作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-17 23:14
以下是引用AlienX在2008-8-17 23:10:00的发言:
可是如果comma之前的是插入短語, 要skip插入短語...

 

一定要skip吗?如果是太好了


作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-18 00:09
umm...暫時沒看到exception...
有果有人看到有exception...please post

作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-18 01:20
rorarora posted 大全110: An attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite efforts by many important groups, including the National Organization for Women.
我對這題的begun修attempt覺得很怪...因為一般的verb-ed在"..., verb-ed..."中是修comma之前的noun/noun phrase...希望有NN能給一個精準的explanation

作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 09:10
以下是引用AlienX在2008-8-18 1:20:00的发言:
rorarora posted 大全110: An attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite efforts by many important groups, including the National Organization for Women.
我對這題的begun修attempt覺得很怪...因為一般的verb-ed在"..., verb-ed..."中是修comma之前的noun/noun phrase...希望有NN能給一個精準的explanation

应该是修饰Amendment的, 否则逻辑不通,

修饰attempt就成了说这个attempt 在20年前开始, 但主句又说has been 。。。 , 明显时态不一致。


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 09:12
以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-17 23:14:00的发言:

 

一定要skip吗?如果是太好了

老大,你也太会倒戈了吧

如果你认同这点的话,那么这道题目的 located就要跳跃修饰 opening了啊

你不是把我们前面的解释都推翻了么?


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-18 10:16

大家早上都在呀,太好了,我又发现一题:

Q16: GWD-4-34

Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources.

 

  1. based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and shellfish, and exploiting

  2. based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of

  3. and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn and beans, harvesting fish and seafood, and the exploiting of

  4. and they based it on their cultivation of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of fish and seafood, and exploiting

  5. and they based it on their cultivating such crops like corn and beans, their harvest of fish and shellfish, and they exploited
                

答案是B

这题我在B和D中犹豫了很久,原来觉得based on放在句尾不好,所以选了D; 从答案来看的话,似乎B的表达更简洁,另外harvesting和harvest意思不同,exploitation比exploiting好。

大家看看B的based on...是不是作状语呢?


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-18 10:34
以下是引用dingxiang在2008-8-18 9:10:00的发言:

应该是修饰Amendment的, 否则逻辑不通,

修饰attempt就成了说这个attempt 在20年前开始, 但主句又说has been 。。。 , 明显时态不一致。

这个我认为还是修饰attempt, 原文的意思是说,一个签署amendment的行动,早在20年前就开始了,但是至今未有明确的结果。

begun 和has been刚好对比说明了attempt这么多年都没有结果呀。


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-18 10:40:49编辑过]

作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 10:35

mm 这道题目明显是B牙

因为based在这里做定语,修饰society; 如果如你说的做状语,那么怎么修饰主谓呢,明显不通。

另外选B的原因如下:

1)平行,完美的平行

the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of

都是动作性的名词

而看D,错误多多,没有一个成分写对的

their cultivation of crops such as corn and beans, the harvest of fish and seafood, and exploiting

为啥要their cultivation,画蛇添足; the harvest 是名词,没有动作的概念;exploiting , 分词,更不对

2)没有必要用代词they based it , 无聊的用法

3)习惯用法: 一般base,多用被动,就是sth is based on... , 不太会用sb base sth on sth这种主动用法,你可以查查OG,大全,统统用的被动。 basing更是大错特错的用法


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 10:41
以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-18 10:34:00的发言:

这个我认为还是修饰attempt, 原文的意思是说,一个修改amendment的行动,早在20年前就开始了,但是至今未有明确的结果。

begun 和has been刚好对比说明了attempt这么多年都没有结果呀。

你这样一说,不是又觉得分词不是就近修饰了么? 不是又把我们前面辛辛苦苦总结的东东推翻了么?

前面大家都认为是就近修饰了啊


作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-18 10:44
umm...prep2-139中的located應該是修opening, 因為一個800分的老外GMAT說的...
以下是他的explanation:
===============================

in fact, the entirety of the following is the modifier:


    each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud
    

    

the underlined part is actually a modifier within a modifier. if you
remove that, it becomes much easier to see that what's left is ALL a
modifier:


    each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of taste bud
    

    

therefore, the remaining skeleton sentence is just


    Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells.

===============================

120: Amendment是不可能被begun吧...我用google to search such combination against nytimes.com, 沒有Amendment begun, 可是attempt begun是用的

作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-18 10:46

活活,mm的分析真是仔细,有几点:

1)base on绝对有主动的用法,见下面两例:

Most airlines base their waiting lists on the cost of the individual ticket.

Critics of the market economy base their position on the following points.

2)我认为B的based on修饰的还是主谓这个动作,表达的就是the Mocha based their society on....

如果只是修饰society, 那么前后句子的联系就松散多了,那为什么要用由Mocha发出的harvesting 和exploitation呢?

你其他的comment我通通同意,感谢赐教,哈哈。

我觉得自己完全是难题看多了,什么都能怀疑。


作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-18 10:46
我看到的大部分的題, comma+過去分詞是修就近, *if* comma之前的不是插入短語...

作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-18 10:48
Q16中的based是修society
作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-18 10:49
以下是引用dingxiang在2008-8-18 10:41:00的发言:

你这样一说,不是又觉得分词不是就近修饰了么? 不是又把我们前面辛辛苦苦总结的东东推翻了么?

前面大家都认为是就近修饰了啊

小姐呀,

我前面举了这么多例子,就是要说明,分词是就近修饰名词,

但是,当n. + to do sth或者其他修饰该名词的成分,+v.ed的时候,v-ed, 是既可以修饰相邻词,又可以跳跃修饰主名词的,要依逻辑含义而定。

只不过LZ的例子,刚刚好逻辑上是修饰相邻词而已


作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-18 11:00
hmm...可能如rorarora對120的看法一樣, "n+to do sth, v-ed"中的v-ed是修那個n...
search了prep1 & OG10, 沒有example...
先記下...thanks

作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 11:16

还来不及看各位的comments,待我过会儿

看到PREP又一个例子,证明分词是就近修饰的

101. (29777-!-item-!-188;#058&004380)

The electronics company has unveiled what it claims to be the world's smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, and it weighs less than 11 ounces.
(B) to be the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, weighing
(C) is the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, and it weighs
(D) is the world's smallest network digital camcorder, which is as long as a handheld computer and weighs
(E) is the world's smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, weighing

E错误的原因就在于weighing 就近修饰computer, 证明分词是就近修饰的,不能跳过插入语来修饰更前面的


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 11:19
以下是引用AlienX在2008-8-18 10:44:00的发言:
umm...prep2-139中的located應該是修opening, 因為一個800分的老外GMAT說的...
以下是他的explanation:
===============================

in fact, the entirety of the following is the modifier:


 each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud
 

 

the underlined part is actually a modifier within a modifier. if you
remove that, it becomes much easier to see that what's left is ALL a
modifier:


 each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening located at the top of taste bud
 

 

therefore, the remaining skeleton sentence is just


 Taste buds are onion-shaped structures with between 50 and 100 taste cells.

===============================

还是不敢苟同,理由我前面讲过了

我们不要把插入成分删掉的话each of which has fingerlike projections poking through the opening, called the taste pore, located at the top of taste bud

called 修饰opening 大家都同意了吧, 如果locate再修饰 opening ,为什么没有and 来连接?我觉得不能单单用因为called是插入语来解释


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 11:21
以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-18 10:46:00的发言:

活活,mm的分析真是仔细,有几点:

1)base on绝对有主动的用法,见下面两例:----》 ok ,偶更正。不过偶还是认为GMAT里面用被动多些。

Most airlines base their waiting lists on the cost of the individual ticket.

Critics of the market economy base their position on the following points.

2)我认为B的based on修饰的还是主谓这个动作,表达的就是the Mocha based their society on....

如果只是修饰society, 那么前后句子的联系就松散多了,那为什么要用由Mocha发出的harvesting 和exploitation呢?----》 不同意。 如果真的是人base 的话,肯定牙用主动态啊,怎么还是过去分词呢?

你其他的comment我通通同意,感谢赐教,哈哈。

我觉得自己完全是难题看多了,什么都能怀疑。


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 11:25
以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-18 10:49:00的发言:

小姐呀,

我前面举了这么多例子,就是要说明,分词是就近修饰名词,

但是,当n. + to do sth或者其他修饰该名词的成分,+v.ed的时候,v-ed, 是既可以修饰相邻词,又可以跳跃修饰主名词的,要依逻辑含义而定。

只不过LZ的例子,刚刚好逻辑上是修饰相邻词而已

恩,其实你这样说,又support了我最早说的, 就是分词虽然是就近修饰,但关键还是要看前面的核心词, 那道味蕾的题目,关键和争议就在于called前面有个的名词成分组成是核心词+修饰语,到底call修饰核心词还是修饰语里面的名词

唉,晕了

不知道还有没有类似的例子,再让我们看看。


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-18 12:29
以下是引用dingxiang在2008-8-18 11:21:00的发言:

一语惊醒梦中人!!~

我想说的是,其实大家不要纠结于是不是就近修饰,就近修饰是一般状态,跳跃修饰也有,尤其是跳跃插入语修饰,插入语作为混淆.....;一切都要根据逻辑意义来判断....


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 12:36

呵呵, 问题就在于这道题目逻辑意思不明确牙

在考场上给我20分钟我也解不出来,只能用排除法

我觉得PREP里面有些难题,GMAC还是好心的,给出了完全可以排除的选项,剩下的只有1,2个

不知道考试时 GMAC会不会再次好心的给出些明显能排除的选项,


作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-18 12:58
以下是引用dingxiang在2008-8-18 9:12:00的发言:

老大,你也太会倒戈了吧

如果你认同这点的话,那么这道题目的 located就要跳跃修饰 opening了啊

你不是把我们前面的解释都推翻了么?

这不算倒戈吧...还没定论呢,这个帖子里我对located的修饰有两种看法一直在徘徊。

你看,其实located修饰opening逻辑上也是没有错的,就如我在1楼的时候所说的那样。

可是在如果说就近修饰逻辑上也是没有错的。

所以我想如果真的有那个规则,至少可以给我一个定论,遇上类似题也能少去很多麻烦,我再收集下其他题目看看有没有类似的。


作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-18 13:26
以下是引用dingxiang在2008-8-18 11:16:00的发言:

还来不及看各位的comments,待我过会儿

看到PREP又一个例子,证明分词是就近修饰的

101. (29777-!-item-!-188;#058&004380)

The electronics company has unveiled what it claims to be the world's smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, and it weighs less than 11 ounces.
(B) to be the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, weighing
(C) is the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, and it weighs
(D) is the world's smallest network digital camcorder, which is as long as a handheld computer and weighs
(E) is the world's smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, weighing

E错误的原因就在于weighing 就近修饰computer, 证明分词是就近修饰的,不能跳过插入语来修饰更前面的

这个E错误的原因不是weighing 就近修饰computer吧?

E选项错误太多很难说明“weighing 就近修饰computer”这个错误的存在。

1、the length of which is that of a handheld computer,这个说camcorder的长度就是computer的长度是不符合逻辑的。

2、 the length of which is that of a handheld computer, weighing两个的功能应该是一样的,不应该不对称,都是同位修饰camcorder的。

3.   awkward compared to D.

另外我认为,现在分词与过去分词是有差别的:(要不然白勇为什么要添一句过去分词与其前面名词关系紧密,而没说现在分词呢?)

现在分词放句尾前面加逗号了,该现在分词修饰就是做状语,伴随前面的action或者伴随结果。

而现在分词前面没有加逗号,而且前面是名词的时候才做定语(当然要逻辑合理为先)。

本题老外对E的解释的一条是:

WRONG. Present participle is used to modify the action。

http://www.urch.com/forums/gmat-sentence-correction/96937-electronics-company.html

这句话,验证的我的说法,weighing在此是做状语,但是伴随关系逻辑错误,所以weighing的使用错误。


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 13:48
以下是引用aeoluseros在2008-8-18 12:58:00的发言:

这不算倒戈吧...还没定论呢,这个帖子里我对located的修饰有两种看法一直在徘徊。

你看,其实located修饰opening逻辑上也是没有错的,就如我在1楼的时候所说的那样。

可是在如果说就近修饰逻辑上也是没有错的。

所以我想如果真的有那个规则,至少可以给我一个定论,遇上类似题也能少去很多麻烦,我再收集下其他题目看看有没有类似的。

我都说了N回了

如果located修饰opening, 既然我们承认called也是修饰opening, 那么为什么两个过去分词同时修饰opening,没有and来连接,而只用了逗号呢?

麻烦各位给个解释先!


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-18 13:50

我是坚决不同意分词能跳跃插入语,去修饰前面的名词成分的。

这不都乱套了嘛,

既然你能理解成跳跃,那就更有理由理解成就近修饰


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-18 21:44
以下是引用dingxiang在2008-8-18 13:50:00的发言:

我是坚决不同意分词能跳跃插入语,去修饰前面的名词成分的。

这不都乱套了嘛,

既然你能理解成跳跃,那就更有理由理解成就近修饰

分词是能跳过插入语的,你看看我前面的例子,prep里面出现了两道这样的题,考的就是分词跳过插入语修饰。

插入语在GMAT里是个很弱化的东西,对句子没有影响,什么东西都能跳过它。


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-8-18 21:45

刚才发了贴,关于prep的一道题,百思不得其解;

各位有空来捧捧场阿

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=341248&page=1


作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-19 00:25
回46:

沒錯, 可以加and, 可是也可以不加, 可是有區別
1. 加的話called the taste pore跟located at the top of taste bud是非限定修opening
2. 不加的話called the taste pore是非限定修opening, 而located at the top of taste bud是限定修opening
妳可以看看32樓的post.
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-10-26 15:48:55编辑过]

作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2008-8-19 04:38
突然想到,called一定是插入语,要不然located前面的逗号是多余的。
作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-19 08:42
以下是引用AlienX在2008-8-19 0:25:00的发言:
回46:

沒錯, 可以加and, 可是也可以不加, 可是有區別
1. 加的話called the taste pore跟located at the top of taste bud是非限定修opening
2. 不加的話called the taste pore是非限定修opening, 而located at the top of taste bud是非限定修opening
妳可以看看32樓的post.

只听说过 加逗号来区分限定非限定的

你的说法很新鲜

我持保留意见

anyway,不争了,


作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-8-19 08:52
以下是引用rorarora在2008-8-17 20:17:00的发言:

找到两个例子,先放在这:

Asset allocators create portfolios, often in the form of mutual funds, with the intention to turn in good results in both “bull” and “bear” markets.

(A)   with the intention

(B)   the intention of which is

(C)   intended

(D)   and intending

(E)    so intended as

Ans--(C)

The Anasazi settlements at Chaco Canyon were built on a spectacular scale with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were connected by a complex regional system of roads.

A. with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each, were

B. with more than 75 carefully engineered structures, of up to 600 rooms each,

C. of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms, each that had been

D. of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms and with each

E. of more than 75 carefully engineered structures of up to 600 rooms each had been

Ans--(B)

fine,

第二个确实跳过插入语

但还是说服不了我们argue的这道题目的情况


作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-19 09:08
ummm..那一道?
作者: AlienX    时间: 2008-8-25 10:13
一個有名的美國語法教授對大全120的看法, 供參考:
“An attempt to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, begun almost two decades ago, has been unsuccessful despite efforts by many important groups, including the National Organization for Women”,
the participial phrase ("
begun almost two decades ago") is functioning adjectivally: it is modifying the
noun “attempt,” which is first modified by an adjectival infinitive phrase (“to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment”).  So this is a case in which a noun is being modified by two consecutive adjectival phrases—an infinitive phrase and a participial phrase.  It is not uncommon for a noun to be modified by more than one adjectival phrase.

可是他不是教GMAT, 所以可能會跟"GMAT Grammar"不一致....

作者: zjpopo    时间: 2008-10-25 16:57

UP~

大家讨论的热火朝天,有这股劲头我们一定可以Crack G!


作者: jonathan1987    时间: 2008-12-8 00:55
我觉得lz更合理些,如果called 和 located  都修饰前面的 中心词projection的话,中间应该有个连词and才对的吧
作者: liming21    时间: 2008-12-8 11:11

总结:

-ING分词短语在后,优先做伴随状语可能修饰主句谓语动词

句子,-ED 分词短语结构,优先考虑-ED分词短语做定语就近修饰名词。

注意:是优先

先就近后跳跃,依照逻辑意思定,不能太死了

个人意见


作者: ouyangkehai    时间: 2009-3-6 11:05

看了还是好晕啊!我把我的理解说一下,请指正!我支持DINGXIANG的说法,即就近修饰,原因有:

1)假设CALLED是插入语,located修饰opening,容易让读者有产生修饰taste pore的歧义,而这是GMAT最忌讳的,OG10解释中反复强调这个原则,甚至逻辑意思比这简单清楚的题都强调不能有任何歧义,况且是这个逻辑上修饰哪个都讲得通的,所以唯一的就是就近修饰不会有任何歧义。

2)也许有人会说如果是就近修饰那就不要逗号了,我认为这里是非限定性修饰,不要逗号则为限定性修饰,两者都没错。

3)大家对called修饰the opening 都没意见,从逻辑意思上来说taste pore是对opening的专业解释,即特指专业名词,要说明这个东西的具体位置,我想taste pore就成了中心词,从而就从另一方面佐证修饰opening不合理。就如中文:班上有50个同学,一个同学叫张三,家住狗毛村。最后一句说的是张三而不是同学,呵呵,犯了逻辑类比错误!

拙见!


作者: songlovegt    时间: 2009-3-6 11:24
不同意楼上,既然承认“CALLED’’是插入语了,就没有修饰歧义的可能。
支持两位版主,localed 修饰 opening.

作者: smartsky11    时间: 2009-3-19 21:15
5
作者: lovebbshin    时间: 2009-3-20 14:33
没看懂结论是什么?called和located到底是并列还是就近修饰???
作者: lovebbshin    时间: 2009-3-26 00:10
没看懂结论是什么?called和located到底是并列还是就近修饰???
作者: aeoluseros    时间: 2009-3-26 13:14
以下是引用lovebbshin在2009-3-26 0:10:00的发言:
没看懂结论是什么?called和located到底是并列还是就近修饰???

现在重新看这个题目,发现读起来就感觉called和located都是修饰the opening的

不算并列修饰,called和located的status不同。我这么解释不知道你能不能理解:一个只是类似于同位语一样的修饰(但不是同位语,我指功能上类似于同位语一样),即去掉called之后the opening和the taste pore是可以只取其一的,而后面的Located却没有这重意思,而是直接地添加了新的信息。


作者: alohabrian    时间: 2009-3-26 13:34
很同意 Status不一样的说法。Prep1-79也是这么样的用法。

我觉得是一个  主located   一个次called

次要的结构 往往 先出现,并且 用 ",....,"的结构出现,被当成插入,可以撇去。(类似与同位结构)

而主要 的结构 ,往往 后出现 不以 “,...,"出现。不能被当成 插入结构,不能撇去。

这样也就能解释 问为什么 常常 两个分词结构一起出现,却不加 and连接。
[此贴子已经被作者于2009-3-26 13:56:43编辑过]

作者: cuishang11    时间: 2009-4-29 13:16

看了前面一大堆生物词汇 快疯了  同意called...是插入语  和located...都是修饰the opening的说法


作者: tiffany1102    时间: 2009-5-3 16:00

up..


作者: kingwangfei    时间: 2009-5-3 17:32
各位精神可嘉
作者: Norgar    时间: 2009-7-9 03:44
同 意 楼 主 的  解 释
[此贴子已经被作者于2009-7-9 3:44:49编辑过]

作者: judyenglish    时间: 2009-9-3 15:19
ding
作者: 妖怪毛毛    时间: 2009-10-25 09:53

作者: jessie67    时间: 2012-5-13 11:19
顶一记~各位NN思想碰撞的火花啊!
作者: wangjieava23    时间: 2012-5-27 20:58
网上找到图了,支持两个楼主的看法。
作者: alicezyk    时间: 2012-10-4 21:28
好贴 顶楼主!!!




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