101。 Many environmentalists, and some economists, say that free trade encourages industry to relocate to countries with ineffective or poorly enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the developing world, and that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution.
(A) that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
(B) that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich nations join in this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
(C) that rich nations join this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution because of wanting to maintain competitiveness
(D) that in rich nations, joining this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution is a result of wanting to maintain competition
(E) that wanting to maintain competition is making rich nations join in this downward slide toward an attitude about pollution that is more lax
答案是A。
我在A与B之间犹豫了很久，最终还是选了B。
虽然in order to看起来很顺眼，但是时态是完成时，我想不通为什么一定要完成时？跟它并列的成分，是一般现在时encourages，所以最后还是选了B。
请高人帮忙分析一下这道题目，谢谢
从考试技巧来说，
1）时态不能作为做题的优先考虑，除非有明显的错误，比如有since却没有用完成时之类。
2）尽量follow原句的意思， 这里包括时态。
我虽然说不清为什么一定要用完成时， 但用完成时没有错误。 当然你说的用一般现在时也没有绝对的错误。
更何况B有明显的语法错误，for doing只能表示用途，不能表示目的。
谢谢：）
对了for不能表目的，可以表原因吗？
可以的， 你查下OG，里面有例句的
但后面是跟从句
我自己个人理解，当时没有看你的答案，看见THAT AND THAT,我一阵高兴。。o(∩_∩)o...，然后怕自己不要误导别人，仔细看了其他选项，还是觉得A好，IN ORDER TO可以做为插入语，GMAC好像最近很喜欢做这种事，还是我这种题目看多了，就这个感觉
不懂,不懂,还是不懂呀!
(A) that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
看着好喜欢。。。至少没看到错误
(B) that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich nations join in this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
除了楼上有人指出for maintaining competitiveness的错误外，时态也是另一个错误。join用一般现在时在这里肯定是不恰当的。一般现在时表示反复发生的动作及人或物的一般特征（不指特定的时间）、客观事实/存在、科学事实、地理位置、统计数据、研究结论、商业惯例、法律规定或合同约定等用一般现在时。join是一次性动作。
(C) that rich nations join this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution because of wanting to maintain competitiveness
除了join看着不爽，because of后面只能跟名词。
(D) that in rich nations, joining this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution is a result of wanting to maintain competition
这个我没看出语法错误来，但是绝对符合OG中Wordy和Awkward的标准。
(E) that wanting to maintain competition is making rich nations join in this downward slide toward an attitude about pollution that is more lax
同D。而且句子中心和A不同。A的中心是rich rations have joined in this downward slide...，而在这里变成了强调rich nations要join的原因是wanting to maintain competition
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