两道类似的题 OG11diagnostic25 & prep 24 - ChaseDream

Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect.
However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack.
Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.

Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
(A) When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.

(B) In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and because equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.

(C) The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.

(D) If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.

(E) When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
这个题的答案是C，还好理解，因为停止的时间间隔都是一样的，而速度可能不一样，所以weaken了第一个假设，当他停下之后再飞的时候会改变速度，所以停下来可以辨明方向，加强了第二个假设。我当时选的B，但现在看来B不对，是因为它马上就可以随着猎物改变方向而且无论速度停止的间隔是一样的，同时weaken了两个假设

25. Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtualy any nonflying insect. However, when running toward an insect, a tiger beetle will intermittently stop and then, a moment later, resume its attack. Perhaps the beetles cannot maintain their pace and must pause for moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running, tiger beetles are unable to adequately process the resulting rapidly changing visual information and so quickly go blind and stop.

which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?

A. When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immidiately stops and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
B. In pursuing a swerving insect, a beetle alters its course while running and its pauses become more frequent as the chase progresses.
C. In pursuing a moving insect, a beetle usually responds immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and it pauses equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
D. If, when a beele pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
E. The faster a beetle pursues and insect fleeing directly away from it, the more frequently the beetle stops.

The answer is B
OG says: What point would strengthen one of the two hypotheses and weaken the other? Consider the information provided in each answer choice, remembering that information that supports one hypothesis must necessarily detract from the other. Any information that is not about pursuit or theat affects the two hypotheses equally may be dismissed from consideration. If the frequency of stopping increases when the beetle follows a swerving insect and must constantly change its course, then the second hypothesis is strengthened; the beetle's pauses increase as the variety of visual information that it needs to deal with increases.

B Correct. This statement provides information that stengthens the 2nd hypothesis: the swerving pursuit and the resulting continual course adjustments appear to be forcing the beetle to stop with increasing frequency to sort out the erratic visual information.
这个C就是上题的B。

此题的B说追一个动的猎物时，beetle会改变方向，而且停顿的次数加多，这的确是加强了第二个假设，那是怎么weaken的第一个假设呢？上题说无论怎样停止的时间间隔一样，这样算是weaken了第一个假设吧。

没想明白，请牛牛出手帮忙！！！

ChaseDream

OG 11th, Diagnostic Test #25