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标题: [讨论]Which的用法总结 [打印本页]

作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-4 17:32
标题: [讨论]Which的用法总结

Which经常会考到,而且经常是错误答案,不知哪位又没有对which这个考点做过详细总结或者有什么心得可以分享,我们在这里汇总和讨论下吧.我先抛个砖.

实战中出现了which非限定性从句要警惕是不是有which就近指代的错误.

SVOwhich
                        
VOwhich
                             
后接完整which
                             
在从中作名词成分指代句宾语);

SVO
                        
prep +
                        
which
                        
VO+which
                             
prep+which
                             
宾语which
                             
指代前句宾语);

SVOsome/%/[分比]
                        
+
                        
of
                        
which
                        
VOwhich
                             
接不句子+which
                             
作名分,which
                             
指代句宾语)。

意:prep+ which  ,指prep+ which  代的成分放子句流畅

GMAT考试中出现+which优先考

Which+非限制性定语从句 ,可加介词,可跳跃修饰,

Which不能跟在名词后面,要逗号隔开

which不能指代一句话

Which+非限  which指代谁
                        
再判断主谓搭配

+which>where

Under which, 表示协议,法律,制度通常与介词under连用

at
                                
which
                                     
rate  
  

in which case 在这种情况下

欢迎大家讨论,我觉得which指代问题很容易出错,哪位NN能补充下这部分

  

  


作者: CECILIAJC    时间: 2008-8-4 22:56
可否解答一下这道和which有关的题:http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=338413&page=2
作者: sharkangle    时间: 2008-8-5 00:06
用逗号隔开是非限制性定从的特征
作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:24
以下是引用CECILIAJC在2008-8-4 22:56:00的发言:
可否解答一下这道和which有关的题:http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=338413&page=2

题目我贴过来了

The electronics company has unveiled what it claims to be the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, the length of which is that of a handheld computer, and it weighs less than 11 ounces.

B.    to be the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, weighing

D.    is the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, which is as long as a handheld computer and weighs

你的问题是,which能否跳过in the world修饰digitl camcorder?

B.    to be the smallest network digital camcorder in the world, which is as long as a handheld computer, weighing

D.    is the world’s smallest network digital camcorder, which is as long as a handheld computer and weighs

你的问题是,which能否跳过in the world修饰digitl camcorder?

查了很多Prep中的题目,基本上都是靠近修饰优先。也有例外。我举几个例子


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-5 10:38:28编辑过]

作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:25

150 . The
        
computer
        
company
        
has
        
announced
        
that
        
it
        
will
        
purchase
        
the
        
color-printing
            
division
            
of
            
a
            
rival company
            
for
            
$950
            
million,
            
which
            
is
            
part
            
of
            
a
                d
eal
            
that
            
will
            
make
            
it
            
the
            
largest
                m
anufacturer
            
in
            
the
            
office color-printing
            
market.

(A)
            
million,
            
which
            
is
            
part
            
of
            
a
            
deal
            
that
            
will
            
make

 

 (A)
            
which
million误。

 


作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:27

96
             
In
        
some
        
species
        
of
        
cricket
             
the
        
number
            
of
            
chirps
            
per
            
minute
            
used
            
by
            
the
            
male
            
for
            
attracting
            
females

rise
        
and
            f
all
        
in
        
accordance
        
with
            t
he
        
surrounding
        
temperature
             
and
        
they
        
can
        
in
            f
act
        
serve
        
as
        
an approximate
        
thermometer

(A)
            
for
            
attracting
            
females
            
rise
            
and
            
fall
            
in
            
accordance
            
with
            
the
            
surrounding
            
temperature

        
and
        
they
        
can
        
in
        
fact serve

(B)
            
for
            
attracting
            
females
            
rises
            
and
            
falls
            
in
            
accordance
            
with
            
the
            
surrounding
            
temperature

             
which
        
can
        
in
        
fact serve

(C)
            
in
            
attracting
            
females
            
rise
            
and
                f
all
            
in
            
accordance
            
with
            
the
            
surrounding
            
temperature

             
in
        
fact
        
possibly serving

(D)
            
to
            
attract
            
females
            
rises
            
and
                f
alls
            
in
            
accordance
            
with
            
the
            
surrounding
            
temperature

             
and
        
it
        
can
        
in
        
fact serve

(E)
            
to
            
attract
            
females
            
rises
            
and
                f
alls
            
in
            
accordance
            
with
            
the
            
surrounding
            
temperature

             
in
        
fact
            p
ossibly serving

 

(B)
            
for
            
doing
使误,
             
which近指代temperature辑错

(D)  
             
了主词一
             
使to
        
do
             
and句子,
             
逻辑


作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:30

69
                 
The
            
proliferation
            
of
            
so-called
            
cybersquatters,
                
people
                
who
                
register
                
the
                
Internet
                
domain
                
names
                
of high-profile
                
companies
                
in
                
hopes
                
of
                
reselling
                
the
                
rights
                
to
                
those
                
names
                
for
                
a
                
profit,
                
led
                
to
                
passing
                
the

Anti-Cybersquatting
            
Consumer
            
Protection
                A
ct
            
in
            
1999,
            
allowing
            
companies
            
to
            
seek
            
up
            
to
            
$100,000
            
in

damages
            
against
            
those
                w
ho
            
register
            
domain
            
names
            
with
            
the
            
sole
            
intent
            
of
            
selling
            
them
            
later.

(A)
                
passing
                
the
                
Anti-Cybersquatting
                
Consumer
                
Protection
                
Act
                
in
                
1999,
                
allowing
                
companies
                
to
                
seek
                
up
                
to

$100,000
            
in
            
damages
            
against
            
those
            
who
            
register
            
domain
            
names
            
with
            
the
            
sole
            
intent
            
of
            
selling

(C)
                
the
                
passage
                
in
                
1999
                
of
                
the
                
Anti-Cybersquatting
                
Consumer
                
Protection
                
Act,
                
which
                
allows
                
companies
                
to seek
                
up
                
to
                
$100,000
                
in
                
damages
                
against
                
those
                
who
                
register
                
domain
                
names
                
with
                
the
                
sole
                
intent
                
of
                
selling

(C)  确,
             
lead
        
to
        
the
        
passage调了结which定形修饰Act意思达清;时形容in

1999修饰the
        
passage饰无歧of
        
selling名词intent正确


作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:33

33
             
More
        
than
        
300
        
rivers
        
drain
            i
nto
        
Siberia's
        
Lake
            
Baikal
,
        
which
        
holds
        
20
        
percent
        
of
        
the
        
world's
        
fresh

water,
        
more
        
than
        
all
        
the
        
North
            A
merican
        
Great
        
Lakes
        
combined.

(A)
            
More
            
than
            
300
            
rivers
            
drain
            
into
                S
iberia's
            
Lake
                
Baikal
,
            
which
            
holds
            
20
            
percent
            
of
            
the
            
world's
            
fresh
            
water, more
            
than
            
all
            
the
            
North
            
American
            
Great
            
Lakes
            
combined.

 

 (A)  
             
定形词子which
        
holds修饰Lake
        
Baikal
             
more
        
than
        
all
        
the20
        
percent
        
of
        
the worlds
        
fresh
        
water同位思清结构


作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:34

33
             
More
        
than
        
300
        
rivers
        
drain
            i
nto
        
Siberia's
        
Lake
            
Baikal
,
        
which
        
holds
        
20
        
percent
        
of
        
the
        
world's
        
fresh

water,
        
more
        
than
        
all
        
the
        
North
            A
merican
        
Great
            
Lakes

        
combined.

(A)
            
More
            
than
            
300
            
rivers
            
drain
            
into
                S
iberia's
            
Lake
                
Baikal
,
            
which
            
holds
            
20
            
percent
            
of
            
the
            
world's
            
fresh
            
water, more
            
than
            
all
            
the
            
North
            
American
            
Great
            
Lakes
            
combined.

 

 (A)  
             
定形词子which
        
holds修饰Lake
        
Baikal
             
more
        
than
        
all
        
the20
        
percent
        
of
        
the worlds
        
fresh
        
water同位思清结构


作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:36

 

110
            
The
        
federal
        
immigration
        
station
        
on
        
Ellis
                I
sland
,
        
which
        
was
        
first
        
opened
        
in
        
1892,
        
then
            r
ebuilt
        
in
        
1900,

processing
        
nearly
        
three
            q
uarters
        
of
        
all
        
immigrants
        
entering
        
the
        
United
                
States

        
in
        
the
        
first
        
quarter
        
of
        
the

twentieth century

(A)
            
The
            
federal
            
immigration
            
station
            
on
            
Ellis
            
Island,
            
which
            
was
            
first
            
opened
            
in
            
1892,
            
then
            
rebuilt
            
in
            
1900, processing
            
nearly
            
three
            
quarters
            
of
            
all
            
immigrants
            
entering
            
the
            
United
            
States
            
in
            
the
            
first
            
quarter
            
of
            
the twentieth
            
century

(D)
            
First
            
opened
            
in
            
1892,
            
then
            
rebuilt
            
in
            
1900,
            
the
            
federal
            
immigration
            
station
            
on
            
Ellis
            
Island
            
processed
            
nearly three
            
quarters
            
of
            
all
            
immigrants
            
entering
            
the
            
United
            
States
            
in
            
the
            
first
            
quarter
            
of
            
the
            
twentieth
            
century

 

 (A)
            
which
詞子修飾immigration
        
station,句動詞,在分詞processing應改動詞形式

processed

 (D)  ,句句子詞是the
        
federal
        
immigration
        
station,由兩個過去分定語詞是processed

例外是这题,不过A选项是错的,所以也不清楚,是否A的which也有就近指代错误。作者没有在这里说明清楚.


作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 10:42

是否我们可以得出结论,Which靠近指代优先,也可以跳跃指代?

不能说一定是靠近指代吧?

如果NN们验证觉得没问题,我在一楼修改进去,大家可以讨论!


作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-5 20:30
有人来总结下which用法么???
作者: CECILIAJC    时间: 2008-8-6 13:47
找到一点参考:
"2。which的指代。这一点太烦了。首先,比较传统的理解是这样的结构(介词为of):1.A of B which. 2. A of B, which(区别在于有无comma),前者只能就近指代,(诚然,由题目违反了这一点);后者可以越前指代,但也不一定越前指代。其次,如果介词不是of,能越前指代吗?其实,很多的语法争端都是从这里开始的,也很难平息。但是,有几点是可以肯定地,1.A of B which显然是不好的结构,应该改为that(可以用word试试,office认为这是语法错误).2.就近指代是主流。因为从阅读的角度来讲,越前指代会造成理解的困难,而og是最不喜欢任何造成理解困难的用法的。3.逻辑意思决定which后的谓语单复数。所以,把which可能引起的指代作为相对错也许比较合理。(当然,我现在脑海里都浮现出很多范例了。比如a group of birds that……那道题。)对了对了,还要注意 body of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/ a set of /the number of +n/ns +谓语单数这些特殊用法。"-----【800分大牛倾力奉献】一些语法总结(终于写完了,算对大家有个交待)
作者: 黄公子    时间: 2008-8-6 16:36
以下是引用CECILIAJC在2008-8-6 13:47:00的发言:
找到一点参考:
"2。which的指代。这一点太烦了。首先,比较传统的理解是这样的结构(介词为of):1.A of B which. 2. A of B, which(区别在于有无comma),前者只能就近指代,(诚然,由题目违反了这一点);后者可以越前指代,但也不一定越前指代。其次,如果介词不是of,能越前指代吗?其实,很多的语法争端都是从这里开始的,也很难平息。但是,有几点是可以肯定地,1.A of B which显然是不好的结构,应该改为that(可以用word试试,office认为这是语法错误).2.就近指代是主流。因为从阅读的角度来讲,越前指代会造成理解的困难,而og是最不喜欢任何造成理解困难的用法的。3.逻辑意思决定which后的谓语单复数。所以,把which可能引起的指代作为相对错也许比较合理。(当然,我现在脑海里都浮现出很多范例了。比如a group of birds that……那道题。)对了对了,还要注意 body of/an array of/a series of/a collection of/ a set of /the number of +n/ns +谓语单数这些特殊用法。"-----【800分大牛倾力奉献】一些语法总结(终于写完了,算对大家有个交待)

不过可以肯定地一点是  A of B which这种结构肯定不好,that贴近修饰名词,which引导非限制性定于从句,前面得有逗号。这里他也说了就近指代是主流。----就怕遇到非主流的题目,hehe


作者: sharon213    时间: 2008-8-6 20:52
,which的指代问题要送逻辑意思分析,没有硬性的规则




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