24. (25819-!-item-!-188;#058&002130)
Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than they did in the year that ended in the previous quarter.
(A) less than they did
(B) less than it did
(C) less than they were 不能指代rose
(D) lower than
(E) lower than they were
这个D除了lower不对外,这种省略有什么不好?
在正确选项里,副词less(它也可做形容词,因为原级little既可以做adj,也可以做adv.)修饰rose。
首先,我认为prep仅仅说因为修饰rise所以就要用副词less,而不用lower是不够精确的。且先看一下分析:
如果D选项依然是lower than,误在于,它不能比较2.8 percent。
Reason:
lower的用法只能是同类但不同事物的比较,比如:My verbal score on the gmat is lower than my math score.注意,这个里例句里是两个主体的比较
而less的用法只能是用于同一个事物数量上的比较:The total population was less than it was a few years ago. 注意,这个例句只有一个主体,还有less than通常只能修饰不可数名词(有几个例外见下面语法点)。
2.8 percent是同个事情the amount that employment costs rose的比较,所以不能用lower。
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接下来看MM的问题:
把D中的lower改为less,代入原句:
Employment costs rose 2.8 percent in the 12 months that ended in September, slightly less than in the year that ended in the previous quarter.
less可能是副词,也可能是形容词,造成这个句子里有两重意思:
一、less如果是形容词,那么比较的就不是rise而是2.8 percent了。
二、less如果是副词,那么比较的就是rise,而不是2.8 percent。
这是从语法上讲的区别,可是从逻辑意思上我们读起来感觉不到什么不一样。
所以补出they did消除了这个歧义:比较的是rise。
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我的建议:把这句话背下来就够了,别去琢磨太多,消耗的时间得不偿失。
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补充一个语法点(可看可不看):
一般地讲less是little的比较级,通常用来修饰不可数名词。但也有与可数名词连用的现象,常见的有下面五种情况:
??一、名词前有基数词修饰时。例如:
??Five more candidates entered this year than last,but three less passed.
??今年比去年多了五个候选人,通过的却少了三个。
??Now that the children are away at school, we have two less mouths to feed.
??孩子们上学去了,所以我们可以少做两个人的饭。
??二、名词前有a few修饰时。这种情况下用less比用fewer恰当。例如:
??We could do with a few more workers and a few less supervisors.
??再增加几个工人,减少几个监工也行。
??三、在感叹句中常用less,而不用fewer。例如:
??If only there were less holes!要是窟窿少些该多好啊!
??四、在表示时间、距离、金钱等的短语中。这些短语中用less是由于人们习惯于把这些单位作为一个整体看待。例如:
??in less than four hours不到四小时
??less than 100miles不到100英里
??less than?5,000不到5,000美元
??五、在一些习惯用语中。说话人使用这些用语时,往往着眼于有事物的大约量,而不去细算精确的数额。例如:
??You may write a note in fifty words or less.你可以写一张五十字以内的便条。
??Last night I read forty pages,more or less.昨天晚上我看了四十页左右。
??There were no less than sixty wounded.受伤者多达60人。
非常感谢
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