ChaseDream

标题: prep1-154 [打印本页]

作者: kindey    时间: 2008-7-6 18:14
标题: prep1-154

語法筆記

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154. (33193-!-item-!-188;#058&006626)
Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received
inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be
effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
(A) having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been
(B) having, for example, a drug prescription that was ineffective because the dosage was too low,
or being
(C) as, for example, having too low of a dosage of a prescribed drug for it to be effective, or being
(D) when they have, for example, been prescribed too low a drug dosage to be effective, or were
(E) for example, when they have a drug prescription with a dosage too low to be effective, or been
句子结构:Some patients who… may have received inadequate treatment, having been… or having
been…
主语是patients,由who引导的定语从句修饰,宾语是treatment,后由for example引出两个treatment
例子。
考点:平行对称、句子结构
平行对称,句中相同功能的结构并列时尽量做到语态、时态形式上都对称。
句子结构-省略,并列结构中只有功能相同的词才可以省略,要特别注意相同的词在并列时起不同的
作用,比如have 作助动词和实义动词时,就不可以省略。
(A) 正确,having been prescribed… or having been taken off…形式及时态都平行。
(B) having a drug prescription与being taken off不对称,应该都用被动语态。
(C) as连词后面应该跟完整的句子;having… 与being…不对称。
(D) 时态上不对称,现在完成时与过去时并列have been prescribed... or were taken off...;没有表达
原文的意思,因为when...引导的是时间状语从句,是指前面主句所述内容在when...这种情况下发生,
但原文的意思(尤其是用了for example)是列举了两种inadequate treatment的情况(用了动名词形
式),而不是在什么情况下会receive inadequate treatment。
(E) 时态上不对称,与D选项相同;have在本句是实意动词,不能充当or后面需要的助动词have

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完成時的現在分時不是不可以用么,為什么這里a是對的啊,謝謝謝謝!


作者: smilecrystal    时间: 2008-7-7 11:02
现在分词的完成式不能做定语修饰名词,但是这里不做定语,做主句谓语的伴随状语。
作者: youyou3941    时间: 2008-7-20 17:22
不对吧?我觉得是做inadequate treatment的定语啊
作者: youyou3941    时间: 2008-7-20 17:23
有哪位nn解释下?B就因为主被动不一致?
作者: youyou3941    时间: 2008-7-20 20:41
没人回答????

作者: youyou3941    时间: 2008-7-21 14:36
继续d上
作者: elise_ying    时间: 2008-7-21 14:43

同问


作者: jh1904    时间: 2008-7-21 14:46
两个having....应该是分词片语。整句其实可改写成 
Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received
inadequate treatment, for example, they may have been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be
effective or (they may have been) taken off a drug too soon. (they may have been) 可省略。

作者: lichabrend    时间: 2008-7-30 16:44
up
作者: goyce36    时间: 2008-7-30 20:48
以下是引用jh1904在2008-7-21 14:46:00的发言:
两个having....应该是分词片语。整句其实可改写成 
Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received
inadequate treatment, for example, they may have been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be
effective or (they may have been) taken off a drug too soon. (they may have been) 可省略。

请问,为何不改为have received..., have been prescribed...,and have been taken off...这样的并列?


作者: jonathan1987    时间: 2008-12-16 23:07

我也有同样的疑问,白勇上说现在分词完成时态不可以作定语修饰前面的名词的,

这里having...是作什么成分?


作者: smartsky11    时间: 2009-3-30 11:21
1212
作者: lcy19812000    时间: 2009-3-31 20:23

当然是伴随状语咯。

本题的逻辑是:

have received inadequate treatment具体来讲有很多种可能,举其中的两种为例(for example):having been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low   或者是   having been taken off a drug too soon。

这里用v.~ing是为了符合伴随状语的形式,用having been而不用being是为了与前面的have received保持时态一致。


作者: syxphoebe    时间: 2009-5-14 18:02
以下是引用kindey在2008-7-6 18:14:00的发言:

語法筆記

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154. (33193-!-item-!-188;#058&006626)
Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received
inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be
effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
(A) having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been
(B) having, for example, a drug prescription that was ineffective because the dosage was too low,
or being
(C) as, for example, having too low of a dosage of a prescribed drug for it to be effective, or being
(D) when they have, for example, been prescribed too low a drug dosage to be effective, or were
(E) for example, when they have a drug prescription with a dosage too low to be effective, or been
句子结构:Some patients who… may have received inadequate treatment, having been… or having
been…
主语是patients,由who引导的定语从句修饰,宾语是treatment,后由for example引出两个treatment
例子。
考点:平行对称、句子结构
平行对称,句中相同功能的结构并列时尽量做到语态、时态形式上都对称。
句子结构-省略,并列结构中只有功能相同的词才可以省略,要特别注意相同的词在并列时起不同的
作用,比如have 作助动词和实义动词时,就不可以省略。
(A) 正确,having been prescribed… or having been taken off…形式及时态都平行。
(B) having a drug prescription与being taken off不对称,应该都用被动语态。
(C) as连词后面应该跟完整的句子;having… 与being…不对称。
(D) 时态上不对称,现在完成时与过去时并列have been prescribed... or were taken off...;没有表达
原文的意思,因为when...引导的是时间状语从句,是指前面主句所述内容在when...这种情况下发生,
但原文的意思(尤其是用了for example)是列举了两种inadequate treatment的情况(用了动名词形
式),而不是在什么情况下会receive inadequate treatment。
(E) 时态上不对称,与D选项相同;have在本句是实意动词,不能充当or后面需要的助动词have

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完成時的現在分時不是不可以用么,為什么這里a是對的啊,謝謝謝謝!

不太理解红色标注部分。请问两个have不一样吗?谢谢!

这道题如果简单的用平行是不是就可以直接选择A了呢?

有一个小小猜测的疑问。在题目的选项中。如果发现平行的漂亮的句子是不是一般就是答案呢。不需要仔细的考虑一些小小的知识点。

期盼大家的解答。先谢了O(∩_∩)O~


[此贴子已经被作者于2009-5-14 18:02:07编辑过]

作者: syxphoebe    时间: 2009-5-15 13:55
顶下?大家帮忙看下吧~谢谢!
作者: AlienX    时间: 2009-5-15 14:02
- 其中一本語法書說不同功能的verb不能"借"...OG上沒說...所以不能下定論...
- 看LS mm對分數的要求...如果要求不高(e.g. 70% accuracy in SC), 可以只看parallelism來選

作者: rosemary628    时间: 2009-6-11 13:26

还是不明白having been and having been的用法,等待nn的解释


作者: leeron    时间: 2009-6-20 10:18
现在分词在没有逗号分开时才做前面名词的定语,如果有逗号隔开了名词和分词短语,现在分词短语只能做状语。而过去分词有没有逗号分开都优先做前面名词的定语
作者: leeron    时间: 2009-6-20 10:43
之所以用现在分词被动完成时做伴随状语,是因为主语patients是分词动作的承受者,而且prescribe伴随的句子动作receive已经完成
作者: angelina8813    时间: 2009-8-7 13:30

恩 说的好······


作者: alibaba_2009    时间: 2009-8-9 13:07
UP
作者: yangfan8587    时间: 2009-8-10 15:21

kankan


作者: ivyfeng    时间: 2009-9-24 20:25
本题的BCD很容易排除,因为将后面的taken off理解为被动(being和were),但实际上,take off肯定不是被动形式而是完成时(它的宾语在后面跟着呢)

只剩A和E,关于E的理解有两种:1 认为 have a
drug prescription和后面的been并列,不对,正如PREP解释上说的,前一个have是实意动词,后一个把它当做                         
                                                            了助动词,这是不对的。
                                                          2  将been和前面的have received inadequate treatment并列,这在意思上解释不同,因为服药量太少和用量时间不够都是have                    
                                                                received inadequate treatment的example

不知道这样清楚不?

                  

作者: happyggggg    时间: 2009-9-25 22:10
up
作者: happyggggg    时间: 2009-9-25 22:10
up
作者: happyggggg    时间: 2009-9-25 22:19
本题的BCD很容易排除,因为将后面的taken off理解为被动(being和were),但实际上,take off肯定不是被动形式而是完成时(它的宾语在后面跟着呢)

只剩A和E,关于E的理解有两种:1 认为 have a drug prescription和后面的been并列,不对,正如PREP解释上说的,前一个have是实意动词,后一个把它当做                         
                                                            了助动词,这是不对的。
                                                          2  将been和前面的have received inadequate treatment并列,这在意思上解释不同,因为服药量太少和用量时间不够都是have                    
                                                                received inadequate treatment的example

按照上文的理解taken off理解为被动被排除,但是在A和C选项中都是have been/been taken off马

难道不是被动?


作者: maggie0406    时间: 2009-9-26 01:42
同问,顶上去 ,希望有人解答~
作者: 妖怪毛毛    时间: 2009-10-30 10:07

作者: gmat928    时间: 2009-11-9 22:53
一点陋见

A中having是伴随状语

原因是其伴随状语形式“句子,doing”

不是doing作后置定语形式“名词+doing”
作者: running2k    时间: 2010-1-18 15:08
一点陋见

A中having是伴随状语

原因是其伴随状语形式“句子,doing”

不是doing作后置定语形式“名词+doing”
-- by 会员 gmat928 (2009/11/9 22:53:40)



个人觉得这个不是伴随状语。我觉得是个纯举例,具体什么成分我说不出来:

如同: i love fruits, such as/for example apple and watermelon.

回到原句:

Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been taken off a drug too soon

两个having结构就是蓝色的举例,因此形式上也要平行,所以用完成时。

大家继续讨论。
作者: HUZ    时间: 2010-4-5 01:45
当然是伴随状语咯。
本题的逻辑是:
have received inadequate treatment具体来讲有很多种可能,举其中的两种为例(for example):having been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low   或者是   having been taken off a drug too soon。
这里用v.~ing是为了符合伴随状语的形式,用having been而不用being是为了与前面的have received保持时态一致。
-- by 会员 lcy19812000 (2009/3/31 20:23:00)

高见高见,我也是这么理解的。
作者: dldennis    时间: 2010-5-8 14:29
当然是伴随状语咯。
本题的逻辑是:
have received inadequate treatment具体来讲有很多种可能,举其中的两种为例(for example):having been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low   或者是   having been taken off a drug too soon。
这里用v.~ing是为了符合伴随状语的形式,用having been而不用being是为了与前面的have received保持时态一致。
-- by 会员 lcy19812000 (2009/3/31 20:23:00)


高见高见,我也是这么理解的。
-- by 会员 HUZ (2010/4/5 1:45:19)


agree
而且应该用被动
作者: peter3008    时间: 2010-10-28 01:57
之所以用现在分词被动完成时做伴随状语,是因为主语patients是分词动作的承受者,而且prescribe伴随的句子动作receive已经完成
-- by 会员 leeron (2009/6/20 10:43:00)



如果是用主动也是对的啊,只是逻辑意思有点不一样
patients have received, having been...and having been 表示的是医生prescribe,和take off drugs,patients只是一个动作的承受者。当然patient主动地接受了一个病人被医生prescribe和take off了的一个treatment.
patients have received, having ... and having 表示的是医生给出的treatment本身是没有问题的,但是由于病人自身的缘故,自行prescribe和take off这个动作,但是原文很不幸的不是表达这个意思。所以按照平行来选,不要太多地去思考里面的逻辑含义,容易绕进去
作者: xiaoqiaoli    时间: 2011-6-5 21:36
本题的BCD很容易排除,因为将后面的taken off理解为被动(being和were),但实际上,take off肯定不是被动形式而是完成时(它的宾语在后面跟着呢)
-- by 会员 ivyfeng (2009/9/24 20:25:00)



正确选项A:
having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
这个不是被动语态?是什么?

被动语态这个点应该不是排除点吧。。。。

作者: shakiraxin    时间: 2011-6-18 20:13
动词-ing的形式:
    主动语态                          被动语态
一般式    writing (动词原形+ing)                     being written(being+过去分词)
完成式    having written(having+过去分词)      having been written(having been+过去分词)

如果是一般式的话很好理解 那将会是是prescribing ..and..taking off..做伴随 但是题目中主句 用了完成时have received,所以为了时态一致其后也用完成时 同时动作是被动的 所以用 having been prescribed..... having been taken off
作者: jessegxy    时间: 2011-10-5 21:26
17楼正解!
作者: onlyonyou    时间: 2012-2-17 13:53
明白了...原本看到having been done就砍了...
作者: baixuefei0524    时间: 2012-4-25 13:03
标题: 同意,新问题
同意,但是请问这里改怎么理解时态呢?
这里做伴随状语(当然是伴随动作而不是伴随结果),通常伴随动作应该是与主语动作同时发生。但是这里主句完成时,伴随还是完成时。这里该如何理解同时发生?
21.Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood, are nowdrawing solid conclusions about how the human braingrows and how babies acquire language.

(A)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood, are

(B)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge about the brain and its developmentfrom birth to adulthood over the past twentyyears, and are

(C)Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledgeabout the brain and its development from birthto adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(D)Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood,

(E)Neuroscientists have amassed, over the pasttwenty years, a wealth of knowledge about thebrain and its development from birth toadulthood,

答案: A



这里DE错误就是因为其结构 Neuroscientists have amassed bla bla over the past 20 yrs, now drawing bla bla. 两个动作所在的timeframes根本就不同。






为什么在这个题里面就讲得通了呢?








当然是伴随状语咯。
本题的逻辑是:
have received inadequate treatment具体来讲有很多种可能,举其中的两种为例(for example):having been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low   或者是   having been taken off a drug too soon。
这里用v.~ing是为了符合伴随状语的形式,用having been而不用being是为了与前面的have received保持时态一致。
-- by 会员 lcy19812000 (2009/3/31 20:23:00)



作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-4-27 23:25
实在是不好意思,短了我这么久才回帖。我就说说我自己的看法吧,open to discuss!

OG 21题的这个having amassed 作的是neuroscientists的noun modifier。这个可以通过它的位置和语意都可以确定。
通过位置来看。这个having amassed的短语是放在主语noun和谓语中间的,即 noun. , noun modifer, Verb。这里的noun modifer可以理解成一个插入语。如果是伴随状语的话一般形式是:clause,ving。

从语意来看,这句话的意思是
Neuroscientists are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
What kind of neuroscientists? the ones who have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood.
这样子理解完之后你发现其实having amassed就是可以改成一个定语从句去理解。

关于前面的TX提到的定语修饰不能有完成时,我不知道有这样的规则,不好评论,但是推测上面应该说的是说那种touch原则的修饰,定语从句什么的都不用去考虑。而这里其实就是一个定语从句的省略,没必要考虑完成时什么的。
LS的疑问应该就是出在把having amassed作伴随状语去了吧?其实它就只是一个noun modifer而已。

同意,但是请问这里改怎么理解时态呢?
这里做伴随状语(当然是伴随动作而不是伴随结果),通常伴随动作应该是与主语动作同时发生。但是这里主句完成时,伴随还是完成时。这里该如何理解同时发生?
21.Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood, are nowdrawing solid conclusions about how the human braingrows and how babies acquire language.

(A)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood, are

(B)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge about the brain and its developmentfrom birth to adulthood over the past twentyyears, and are

(C)Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledgeabout the brain and its development from birthto adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(D)Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood,

(E)Neuroscientists have amassed, over the pasttwenty years, a wealth of knowledge about thebrain and its development from birth toadulthood,

答案: A



这里DE错误就是因为其结构 Neuroscientists have amassed bla bla over the past 20 yrs, nowdrawing bla bla. 两个动作所在的timeframes根本就不同。






为什么在这个题里面就讲得通了呢?








当然是伴随状语咯。
本题的逻辑是:
have received inadequate treatment具体来讲有很多种可能,举其中的两种为例(for example):having been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low   或者是   having been taken off a drug too soon。
这里用v.~ing是为了符合伴随状语的形式,用having been而不用being是为了与前面的have received保持时态一致。
-- by 会员 lcy19812000 (2009/3/31 20:23:00)



-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/25 13:03:45)


作者: baixuefei0524    时间: 2012-4-28 07:34


Thank you!


    同学,我想我还是没有表达清楚我的想法。我明白你对于OG21A的解释,这里的结构是   S,  V-ING,  VO,这个结构还是比较好理解的,因为V-ING的作用是做定语修饰S。无论是从语法上还是语义上A都是最顺眼的。
    不过,当时很多同学问这道题为什么D或者E,我看到一种比较有道理的解释就是:S have amassed O, drawing sth.  (1)这里having 做伴随动作讲不通,因为have amassed 和drawing不同时发生  (2)drawing修饰前面的entire action做伴随结果更从意思上讲不通。


如果这里的解释是正确的话,这道题的结构:S have received sth, having been sth.从意思上having been sth没法修饰前面的entire action.那就剩下另外一种可能:伴随动作。问题是这里have received和 having been sth可以理解为同时发生?
     














实在是不好意思,短了我这么久才回帖。我就说说我自己的看法吧,open to discuss!

OG 21题的这个having amassed 作的是neuroscientists的noun modifier。这个可以通过它的位置和语意都可以确定。
通过位置来看。这个having amassed的短语是放在主语noun和谓语中间的,即 noun. , noun modifer, Verb。这里的noun modifer可以理解成一个插入语。如果是伴随状语的话一般形式是:clause,ving。

从语意来看,这句话的意思是
Neuroscientists are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
What kind of neuroscientists? the ones who have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood.
这样子理解完之后你发现其实having amassed就是可以改成一个定语从句去理解。

关于前面的TX提到的定语修饰不能有完成时,我不知道有这样的规则,不好评论,但是推测上面应该说的是说那种touch原则的修饰,定语从句什么的都不用去考虑。而这里其实就是一个定语从句的省略,没必要考虑完成时什么的。
LS的疑问应该就是出在把having amassed作伴随状语去了吧?其实它就只是一个noun modifer而已。

同意,但是请问这里改怎么理解时态呢?
这里做伴随状语(当然是伴随动作而不是伴随结果),通常伴随动作应该是与主语动作同时发生。但是这里主句完成时,伴随还是完成时。这里该如何理解同时发生?
21.Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood, are nowdrawing solid conclusions about how the human braingrows and how babies acquire language.

(A)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood, are

(B)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge about the brain and its developmentfrom birth to adulthood over the past twentyyears, and are

(C)Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledgeabout the brain and its development from birthto adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(D)Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood,

(E)Neuroscientists have amassed, over the pasttwenty years, a wealth of knowledge about thebrain and its development from birth toadulthood,

答案: A



这里DE错误就是因为其结构 Neuroscientists have amassed bla bla over the past 20 yrs, nowdrawing bla bla. 两个动作所在的timeframes根本就不同。






为什么在这个题里面就讲得通了呢?








当然是伴随状语咯。
本题的逻辑是:
have received inadequate treatment具体来讲有很多种可能,举其中的两种为例(for example):having been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low   或者是   having been taken off a drug too soon。
这里用v.~ing是为了符合伴随状语的形式,用having been而不用being是为了与前面的have received保持时态一致。
-- by 会员 lcy19812000 (2009/3/31 20:23:00)




-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/25 13:03:45)


-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/4/27 23:25:15)


作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-4-28 09:00
我现在好像理解了你的问题了。
不过我觉得时态如果是离开问题去讨论是没有意义的。因为其实你会发现很多很tricky的时态问题在没有时间标志词的情况下都是要通过句意去解决的。
还有一个问题是baby姐经常提醒我的常见的错误,Ron也曾提到过多次。DO NOT justify the incorrect sentence!OG12-Q21这道题目里面,D、E本来就是错误的,最大的原因就是因为他的句子重心已经发生了变化,draw才是句子的真正主语,而having amassed只不过是neuroscientist的一个定语,你把句子的谓语变成have amassed,把draw变成去讨论drawing的成分是没有意义的,因为它句子本身就错了。

Thank you!

    同学,我想我还是没有表达清楚我的想法。我明白你对于OG21A的解释,这里的结构是   S,  V-ING,  VO,这个结构还是比较好理解的,因为V-ING的作用是做定语修饰S。无论是从语法上还是语义上A都是最顺眼的。
    不过,当时很多同学问这道题为什么D或者E,我看到一种比较有道理的解释就是:S have amassed O, drawing sth.  (1)这里having 做伴随动作讲不通,因为have amassed 和drawing不同时发生  (2)drawing修饰前面的entire action做伴随结果更从意思上讲不通。

如果这里的解释是正确的话,这道题的结构:S have received sth, having been sth.从意思上having been sth没法修饰前面的entire action.那就剩下另外一种可能:伴随动作。问题是这里have received和 having been sth可以理解为同时发生?

实在是不好意思,短了我这么久才回帖。我就说说我自己的看法吧,open to discuss!

OG 21题的这个having amassed 作的是neuroscientists的noun modifier。这个可以通过它的位置和语意都可以确定。
通过位置来看。这个having amassed的短语是放在主语noun和谓语中间的,即 noun. , noun modifer, Verb。这里的noun modifer可以理解成一个插入语。如果是伴随状语的话一般形式是:clause,ving。

从语意来看,这句话的意思是
Neuroscientists are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
What kind of neuroscientists? the ones who have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood.
这样子理解完之后你发现其实having amassed就是可以改成一个定语从句去理解。

关于前面的TX提到的定语修饰不能有完成时,我不知道有这样的规则,不好评论,但是推测上面应该说的是说那种touch原则的修饰,定语从句什么的都不用去考虑。而这里其实就是一个定语从句的省略,没必要考虑完成时什么的。
LS的疑问应该就是出在把having amassed作伴随状语去了吧?其实它就只是一个noun modifer而已。

同意,但是请问这里改怎么理解时态呢?
这里做伴随状语(当然是伴随动作而不是伴随结果),通常伴随动作应该是与主语动作同时发生。但是这里主句完成时,伴随还是完成时。这里该如何理解同时发生?
21.Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years about the brainand its development from birth to adulthood, are nowdrawing solid conclusions about how the human braingrows and how babies acquire language.

(A)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood, are

(B)Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth ofknowledge about the brain and its developmentfrom birth to adulthood over the past twentyyears, and are

(C)Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledgeabout the brain and its development from birthto adulthood over the past twenty years, and are

(D)Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth ofknowledge over the past twenty years aboutthe brain and its development from birth toadulthood,

(E)Neuroscientists have amassed, over the pasttwenty years, a wealth of knowledge about thebrain and its development from birth toadulthood,

答案: A



这里DE错误就是因为其结构 Neuroscientists have amassed bla bla over the past 20 yrs, nowdrawing bla bla. 两个动作所在的timeframes根本就

为什么在这个题里面就讲得通了呢?

当然是伴随状语咯。
本题的逻辑是:
have received inadequate treatment具体来讲有很多种可能,举其中的两种为例(for example):having been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low   或者是   having been taken off a drug too soon。
这里用v.~ing是为了符合伴随状语的形式,用having been而不用being是为了与前面的have received保持时态一致。
-- by 会员 lcy19812000 (2009/3/31 20:23:00)


-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/25 13:03:45)



-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/4/27 23:25:15)


-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/28 7:34:19)


作者: baixuefei0524    时间: 2012-4-28 11:07
标题: got it
你说得很有道理。我本来是想用OG21对比这道题的,看来这样的对比意义不大。那么还想请教下你是如何理解这道题的时态的:S have done sth, having done sth.  按照公认对VING的解释,伴随动作(这里伴随结果讲不通)应该是同时发生的动作。或许have done sth, having done 这种情况是个例外
作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-4-28 11:30
Some patients who do not respond to therapies for depression may simply have received
inadequate treatment, having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be
effective or having been taken off a drug too soon.
(A) having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective or having been

其实我是这样理解这道题的,也不一定对,可以讨论一下。

你说得很对了呀,VING的解释,伴随动作就是同时发生的动作
主句的意思是Some patients may simply have received inadequate treatment,而两个伴随的状语必须是applies to主语的。即可写成:
Some patients have been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective
or Some patients have been taken off a drug too soon
这里只有带上having这个完成时助动词的标志才能表示这里的inadequate treatment和后面两个动作是同时进行的,但是如果是Some patients may simply have received inadequate treatment,being prescribed的话,那么就是一个现在时为一个完成时作伴随了。体现不出后面的那两个时在是时态上是伴随着主句得have received inadequate treatment的。

你说得很有道理。我本来是想用OG21对比这道题的,看来这样的对比意义不大。那么还想请教下你是如何理解这道题的时态的:S have done sth, having done sth.  按照公认对VING的解释,伴随动作(这里伴随结果讲不通)应该是同时发生的动作。或许have done sth, having done 这种情况是个例外
-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/28 11:07:33)




作者: baixuefei0524    时间: 2012-4-28 11:45
标题: understood
嗯。明白了。总之,这个题说明 have done, having done这个结构在一定的语境下是没有问题的,应该可以表示伴随,而不是绝对错误的。我之前看到 SVO,having的选项直接秒杀啊。现在可不行了呵呵
作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-4-28 11:49
对滴呀~

嗯。明白了。总之,这个题说明 have done, having done这个结构在一定的语境下是没有问题的,应该可以表示伴随,而不是绝对错误的。我之前看到 SVO,having的选项直接秒杀啊。现在可不行了呵呵
-- by 会员 baixuefei0524 (2012/4/28 11:45:59)


作者: teddybearj4    时间: 2012-4-29 00:47
再给你一个帖子链接,觉得总结和讨论都挺好的,可以看看加深理解~

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-293833-1-1.html

作者: alexzeze    时间: 2014-11-22 11:00
前辈们都好厉害。
作者: zwhjzwhj    时间: 2015-3-15 20:25
我记得having been done是不能做限定修饰,可以做非限定修饰的定语。

还有就是,不是说完成时态不能伴随动作么,伴随结果也不对。

这题我觉得不像伴随状语。。。。。。 完全就是 for example后面的两个词。。。
作者: practidealist    时间: 2018-5-4 21:38
c选项不仅as做连词后面只能跟句子,having和being时态错了,另外补充一个,就是任意改变词序导致意思不再是原文的意思,体会一下
原文having, for example, been prescribed a drug at a dosage too low to be effective(被不正确地开了处方,错在医生)
c选项as, for example, having too low of a dosage of a prescribed drug for it to be effective(可能开了正确的处方,但是患者没有正确服用,错在患者)

作者: KhoiHoHOHo    时间: 2018-5-5 15:31
完成时的现在分词是在没有comma的时候才不可以用哦, 逗号+having 是可以的 并且如果说 comma ing的动作发生在主句动作之前的话就一定要用having ,不用的话就会导致时态错误 因为不加having的comma ing 和主句动作是要同时发生的
作者: asecd    时间: 2018-10-20 16:44
选项头三词:修饰变化,并且是逻辑的变化,先不考虑
选项尾三词:平行成分的变化,欸可能可以解决
Hint1:平行后成分发生本质变化:平行对象+对称——根据平行对称可以排除CE
Hint2:代词出现/不出现:代词先行词——根据代词可以排除C
Hint3:动词紧接着的名词成分变化:核心语义——排除B
这里表达:B选项:病人有一个处方
                AD选项:病人被开了药——语义合理

Hint4:动词后名词变化:逻辑主语——排除D
           A选项:patients having been prescribed a drug——开药——逻辑主语成立
           D选项:they have been prescribed a dosage——开剂量
综上选A
作者: Rosesun    时间: 2019-9-19 22:56
jh1904 发表于 2008-7-21 14:46
两个having....应该是分词片语。整句其实可改写成 Some patients who do not respond to therapies fo ...

同意!               




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