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标题: og140,大全234，关于同位语 [打印本页]
作者: tangminshi    时间: 2008-7-6 17:22
标题: og140,大全234，关于同位语
Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are

(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

答案是E.翻了所有的历史帖子，没有NN给出定论，到底the collateral是equipment and land的同位语还是declining values的同位语？从逻辑上来看，应该是equipment and land。但是从语法上和og的解释来看应该是declining values。这个涉及到考试中对同位语这个优选结构的判定问题，及其重要。请NN指点。

作者: tangminshi    时间: 2008-7-10 16:03

自己顶上来

作者: singdeath    时间: 2008-7-11 00:43
我觉得语法和逻辑上都是arm equipment and land的同位语，如果是Declining values的同位语，那么这个从句就应该直接出现在Declining values的后面。
作者: reallingling    时间: 2008-7-11 08:52
以下是引用tangminshi在2008-7-6 17:22:00的发言：
Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are

(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

答案是E.翻了所有的历史帖子，没有NN给出定论，到底the collateral是equipment and land的同位语还是declining values的同位语？从逻辑上来看，应该是equipment and land。但是从语法上和og的解释来看应该是declining values。这个涉及到考试中对同位语这个优选结构的判定问题，及其重要。请NN指点。

从语义上来说 Collateral指代的是equiptment and land，只有设备和土地可以用来做抵押的；贬低的价值作为抵押品语义上不合理

其实个人认为没有必要琢磨那么多，比选项的时候首先排除abc

de比较，发现d中代词which指代不是很清楚；而e的which指代 collateral；选e

作者: rwchinak    时间: 2008-7-12 10:33

确实

XDF规则里是说同位语修饰中心词，不修饰“修饰词”

不过在金融里面，value也可以直接作为“对价”的意思，也就是把value当成抵押，勉强也能说得过去

but……还是等NN来解释吧

作者: dingxiang    时间: 2008-7-12 18:25

OG 10 的 解释：

Choice E, the best answer, succinctly and clearly identifies the Declining values as the collateral against which farmers borrow(重要) and correctly uses the plural verb are.

所以同位语确实是修饰前面成分的中心词

作者: tangminshi    时间: 2008-7-14 09:48
回楼上：所以这才是我头疼的地方，declining values和collateral怎么也联系不到一起。就算做抵押，也得是values,not declining values
作者: tangminshi    时间: 2008-7-14 09:52

回4楼mm：

我记得以前翻阅NN们的讨论精华，发现NN们有个思路值得我们借鉴

不到万不得已，which的指代不能要作为判断答案的依据，因为这东东是爱怎么指就怎么指，属于典型的语法为逻辑服务型。因此你说的靠which的指代清晰来判断答案，个人以为不是最好方案。还是需要将同位语这个语法点弄清楚才行。没有冒犯的意思，:-)

作者: tangminshi    时间: 2008-7-16 20:25
又沉了。。。。。
作者: tangminshi    时间: 2008-7-26 23:27

难道没可能有人回答这道题吗？

作者: bjleo    时间: 2008-7-27 00:05

我也认为the collateral做同位语修饰 farm equipment and land 同位语和-ed类似 优先就近修饰?

作者: yeehang    时间: 2008-8-10 11:12

我认为OG10给出的解释是正确的。要理解这个问题，先要弄清楚borrow against的含义，请看两则从网上摘抄的例句：

例句1：By borrowing against your mortgage, or taking out a "secured loan", you can borrow substantial sums of money without paying through the nose when it comes to interest rates.

例句：If the policy is some kind of permanent policy like a whole life or universal life policy then you can borrow against the cash value that has accumulated inside the policy.

个人认为：borrow against是指客户把某样物品抵押给银行（当铺等），在需要用钱的时候，可以从银行借钱(borrow)，但是客户所抵押的物品的价值（value）就会相应的被抵消（against）掉一部分。所以，在逻辑上collateral只能做value的同位语。

偶只是刚入门的菜鸟，有说的不对的地方还请大家指正！


[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-10 11:12:29编辑过]
作者: tangminshi    时间: 2008-8-10 13:55
但是我问过专门搞金融的，collateral就是对应的物品，而不是value
作者: yeehang    时间: 2008-8-11 00:11

GMAT语法永远是选择相对正确的一个答案，而不是绝对正确的。——From新东方网络课堂之GMAT。另外，由于语言环境的不同，collateral究竟能不能指代value也不一定呢。老外也在讨论这道题，他们的讨论中没有涉及到这两个词的含义问题，而仅仅是从语法结构上来讨论which的指代对象。你可以去看看。http://gmatclub.com/forum/11-t7726

作者: georgetseng    时间: 2008-8-11 06:29
规律只适用于大多情况，不是什么时候都适用的。
个人以为，对于xx for yy, which这种情况，（经常还有 a group of xx, which，大家讨论which指的是group还是xx)，
如果which 修饰xx和yy都从意思上都讲得过去，则用语法上的优选，修饰yy。否则，修饰其中一个意思上讲得通的。同位语的情况是一样的。
即便D)是对的，也应该选E)，起码E)比D)简洁。

但D)中 which farmers use as collateral to borrow against中的against应该去掉，否则语法上就错了。
1) I borrow against my home.正确
2) I use my home as collateral, against which I borrow.正确，但罗嗦
3) I use my home as collateral to borrow against. 错；应为，I use my home as collateral to borrow...如果还不是很清楚的话，比较以下几个句子： I use a knife to cut the meat （对）； I use a knife to cut the meat with （错）； I cut the meat with a knife （对）。




Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is

(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is

(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is

(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are

(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

作者: elric9    时间: 2009-7-22 12:35
up
作者: 新新新新新人    时间: 2016-2-14 00:45
在网上搜了一些borrow against的例句供参考
borrow against既可以直接加sth也可以加value~所以我觉得OG的解释说collateral做declining values的同位语没有问题，而且适用于同位语修饰中心词的规则

【Borrow against抵押借款】
Why not consume more than you earn if you can borrow cheaply using your constantly rising wealth as the asset to borrow against? 假如可以用自己持续增值的财富作抵押，以低成本借钱，那么开销大于收入有何不可？

Yet what happens if banks run out of collateral to borrow against? 可是如果银行耗尽了用于借资的抵押资产，又会发生什么呢？

The new laws made it easier for households to refinance their mortgages and borrow against the value of their homes.
新法使得房主再融资更容易，以房屋价值抵押借款。

Homeowners fell behind on their loans and could not qualify for new ones: There was no value left in their house to borrow against. 房屋主人拖欠还款并且不能够再次获得借贷：他们的房子已经没有剩余的价值来再次获得贷款。

And, as real estate prices have tumbled, existing homeowners can't borrow against the value of their homes as they once did. 此外，随着房地产价格的暴跌，现有房主用作抵押的房子的价值不如以前高了。

Most Americans don't have the dough. They're still deep in debt, can't borrow against their homes, and have to start saving for retirement. 很多美国人钱袋子里叮当响。他们仍深深陷于债务中，不能拿房子做抵押，还不得不开始为今后的退休而存钱。
作者: elusive    时间: 2016-2-18 11:44
collateral 是equipment and land的同位语。没有必要记住什么同位语...你看equipment and land是解释collateral的，那就对了！




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