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标题: GWD-9-Q37，请教背后的逻辑关系 [打印本页]

作者: leogm 时间: 2008-6-7 08:54
标题: GWD-9-Q37，请教背后的逻辑关系

GWD-9-Q37:

Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

A. Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.

B. Participants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.

C. Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.

D. Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.

E. The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.

答案A，虽然BCDE都明显不对，但还是想请教大家，A答案背后的逻辑是什么？

作者: ilovecushi 时间: 2008-6-7 09:37

A是告知學期前沮喪的學生跟不會沮喪的學生學會抽菸的機會是一樣多的就是說他們的比較基礎是相當的於是支持了題目中尼古丁造成的沮喪

個人愚見請指教

作者: leogm 时间: 2008-6-7 10:34
有道理，谢谢指点！

作者: candy_yue 时间: 2008-9-16 02:10

以下是引用ilovecushi在2008-6-7 9:37:00的发言：

A是告知學期前沮喪的學生跟不會沮喪的學生學會抽菸的機會是一樣多的就是說他們的比較基礎是相當的於是支持了題目中尼古丁造成的沮喪

個人愚見請指教

如果如上所述，学期前就有学生沮丧，就不能证明是由于尼古丁影响了情绪，而是学生本身就有沮丧的情绪了。。。

这个怎么解释呢？

作者: iamwuyan 时间: 2008-9-16 13:09
应该是考因果倒置要排除因为DEPRESS所以抽烟对原文的削弱可能

作者: rayhwung88 时间: 2009-3-16 16:48
典型的因果颠倒题~~~先有尼古丁还是先有抑郁的问题~~~

作者: muhuiyun777 时间: 2010-6-30 02:33
因果倒置是用于削弱题的，此题是加强提，楼上这样解释不对啊

作者: crazyxxx 时间: 2010-7-1 15:26
排除了因果倒置...
A. 忧郁者和不忧郁者有同样的概率吸烟,排除了忧郁是吸烟的原因

作者: dreamneverdie 时间: 2012-5-17 19:47
因果倒置是weaken题但是这题排除了因果倒置的可能所以就变成了support题

作者: maestri 时间: 2012-5-18 15:25
这道题可以考加强，也可以考削弱哦

关键问题就是：到底是吸烟导致了抑郁(加强)，还是抑郁导致了吸烟（削弱）。

A 在同一时间段里，抑郁的人和不抑郁的人抽烟几率相当。

如果削弱，可以把A选项改为：
Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were more likely to be smokers at the study’s start than those who were not depressed.

作者: TIRFM 时间: 2013-10-23 00:27
这题我也纠结好久，觉得ABCDE都不对。。。现在看来是我把题意能错了。A选项的意思是排除了这种可能性---如果有的学生本来就depress，然后因为depress所以去吸烟，导致最后观察结果是，吸烟的人depress.其实就是排除因果倒置。我当时之所以没选的原因是：我以为study特意指定一些学生去smoke，一些不smoke（所以我看完题目，心里想的一个答案是”那些被指定去吸烟的学生本来就没有更depress“）。然后就以为“be smokers at the end"的意思是study结束的时候，成为了真正的smoker--有习惯的抽烟。所以才觉得A不对，

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