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标题: GMAT逻辑错误选项总结 [打印本页]
作者: 海蓝 时间: 2004-1-6 23:22
标题: GMAT逻辑错误选项总结
参考了费费，钱永强等的逻辑笔记，还有CD的一些老帖子，特别是atongmu的一篇（受益良多啊，hoho）～～谢谢了！～～
一、 诉诸权威/大众信念/人身攻击/感情色彩等选项（非学者态度）
二、 反对前提的选项
三、 涉及两比较对象的选项
1． 比较双方应与题目比较双方一致（1。2。两点偶的观点和原文相反～～是我理解错了还是原文打错了啊？～～）
2． 比较的概念要与原文完全等同（涉及与原文无关的新概念的比较必错）
OG2. The average life expectancy for the United States population as a whole is 73.9 years, but children born in Hawaii will live an average of 77 years, and those born in Louisiana, 71.7 years. If a newlywed couple from Louisiana were to begin their family in Hawaii, therefore, [ their children would be expected to live longer than would be the case if the family remained in Louisiana. ]
Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn in the passage?
A. Insurance company statisticians do not believe that moving to Hawaii will significantly lengthen the average Louisiana’s life. (一、诉诸权威)
B. The governor of Louisiana has falsely alleged that statistics for his state are inaccurate. （二、反对前提）
C. The longevity ascribed to Hawaii’s current population is attributable mostly to genetically determined factors.
D. Thirty percent of all Louisiana’s can expect to live longer than 77 years. （三1、比较双方应与题目的一致。应为Hawaii VS. Louisiana，而非30%Louisiana VS the other 70%）
E. Most of the Hawaiian Islands have levels of air pollution well below the national average for the United States. （三2、比较概念应与题目的一致。应为 Life expectancy，而非 Pollution level）
3． 原并列内容变成比较，必错
OG33. Rural households have more purchasing power than do urban or suburban households at the same income level, [since some of the income urban and suburban households use for food and shelter can be used by rural households for other needs.]
Which of the following inferences is best supported by the statement made above?
A. The average rural household includes more people than does the average urban or
suburban household.
B. Rural households have lower food and housing costs than do either urban or suburban
households.
C. Suburban households generally have more purchasing power than do either rural or urban households.
D. The median income of urban and suburban households is generally higher than that of
rural households.
E. All three types of households spend more of their income on food and housing than on all other purchases combined.
四、 可能对，也可能不对的选项
五、 非提问要求的选项
5. A program instituted in a particular state allows parents to prepay their children’s future
college tuition at current rates. The program then pays the tuition annually for the child at any of the state’s public colleges in which the child enrolls. [Parents should participate in the program as a means of decreasing the cost for their children’s college education.]
Which of the following, if true, is the most appropriate reason for parents NOT to participate in the program?
A. the parents are unsure about which public college in the state the child will attend. (四、有可能未来学费更高，也有更低的可能)
B. The amount of money accumulated by putting the prepayment funds in an interest-bearing account today will be greater than the total cost of tuition for any of the public colleges when the child enrolls.
C. The annual cost of tuition at the state’s public colleges is expected to increase at a faster rate than the annual increase in the cost of living. （五、题目问削弱，选项是加强）
D. Some of the state’s public colleges are contemplating large increases in tuition next year.（五、题目问削弱，选项是加强）
E. The prepayment plan would not cover the cost of room and board at any of the state’s public colleges.
六、 原文选项不在同一范畴 ((Out of Scope)
OG44. Some people have questioned the judge’s objectivity in cases of sex discrimination against women. But the record shows that in sixty percent of such cases, the judge has decided in favor of the women. [This record demonstrates that the judge has not discriminated against women in cases of sex discrimination against women.]
The argument above is flawed in that it ignores the possibility that
A. a large number of the judge’s cases arose out of allegations of sex discrimination against women
B. many judges find it difficult to be objective in cases of sex discrimination against women
C. the judge is biased against women defendants or plaintiffs in cases that do not involve sex discrimination
D. the majority of the cases of sex discrimination against women that have reached the judge’s court have been appealed from a lower court
E. the evidence shows that the women should have won in more than sixty percent of the judge’s cases involving sex discrimination against women
（后面的这些原文没写例子，偶一下子也找不出，但都不难理解，等找到了再往上面补充吧～～）
七、 百分比和实际数量
八、 部分和整体
九、 相关性和因果性
十、 代表性问题 （Survey等的样本）
十一、 必要性和充分性（Necessity & Causaion）
十二、 含if, unless, as long as 等连词的选项，在归纳题中可能正确（是选项的前提必然成立）；在演绎题中必错（给出无关前提）
作者: 番茄炒蛋 时间: 2004-1-6 23:28
顶啊，呵呵，好咚咚
作者: nikema 时间: 2004-1-7 02:10
up!
作者: fyhllj 时间: 2004-1-7 05:00
hao,
Up!!!
作者: fyhllj 时间: 2004-1-8 05:29
已加入精华贴
作者: joice 时间: 2004-1-8 10:36
xie xie 海蓝 mm.
作者: philips6cn 时间: 2004-3-17 02:30
好东动
狂顶~~~~
作者: mariezhu 时间: 2004-3-17 10:07
哇，好东东！
作者: ohayo 时间: 2004-3-20 14:54
这个贴子挺不错的, 如果大家能多添加些例子, 把它完善起来,就能使我们更快,更准的完成CR了.
我先来加一条,
原命题的逆否命题. , 我遇到过几次. 例子是一道真题如下.
Macrophages are cells that play a role in the response of the immune system of mice and other mammals to invasive organisms such as bacteria. Unlike other mice, mice that are genetically incapable of making these particular cells do not show elevated levels of nitrates when infected with bacteria.
ffice
ffice" />
The statements above, if true, provide the most support for which of the following conclusions?
1 Mice that show elevated levels of nitrates can easily fight off most types of bacterial infections. ( 逆否命题)
2 In mice, macrophages play a role in the production of nitrates or inhibit a process by which nitrates are broken down or otherwise eliminated.
作者: weiyu 时间: 2004-3-20 17:07
Up. Valuable summary.
作者: Andrea625 时间: 2004-6-30 15:31
请往前站往前再往前
作者: advantage 时间: 2005-8-20 00:45
先剪下来，明天好好看看
作者: hhl3000 时间: 2005-12-1 16:04
我靠！这才是真正的好东西
作者: billyxiangLi 时间: 2005-12-4 08:12
十二、 含if, unless, as long as 等连词的选项，在归纳题中可能正确（是选项的前提必然成立）；在演绎题中必错（给出无关前提）
请问这一句话是什么意思，我不是太懂，不知哪位高人能给一个在縯绎题中必错的例子？或者自编的例子。
作者: tdyg 时间: 2005-12-18 12:23
好像用“混、偏、反、无”来总结是不是更简洁。本人刚开始尝试。
作者: johnnyks 时间: 2006-2-20 15:57
顶！！正是我需要总结的
作者: woaixiaokeai 时间: 2006-7-7 04:15
喜欢，就是喜欢！
作者: AA_BAOBAO 时间: 2007-1-24 08:34
非常感激!!!
作者: AA_BAOBAO 时间: 2007-1-24 08:34
非常感激!!!
作者: sunyicpu2007 时间: 2007-5-21 19:00
up!
作者: leon_ash 时间: 2007-7-6 02:19
无价之宝，精华中的精华
作者: songyeonpp 时间: 2007-9-9 15:30
这个不错,可是看不大懂
作者: kevinling 时间: 2007-9-11 00:46
的确不错，还可以详细点，就可以当宝典用了
呵呵
作者: emilyzouduff 时间: 2008-6-4 00:25
谢谢，顶！！
作者: thebestfang 时间: 2009-12-2 22:24
dingla
作者: jinwch 时间: 2009-12-3 13:56
很不错的总结。虽然做的过程中，能知道哪个选项是错的。但是，有时候并没有把错误的选项细分。
GOOD summary！
作者: shelia006 时间: 2009-12-26 11:48
good things. thanks
作者: PebbleJ 时间: 2009-12-27 12:48
thx~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
作者: mars1mack 时间: 2009-12-28 15:58
有意思……有意思~~！
让我也来顶一个~~！
作者: jzha204 时间: 2010-1-30 22:35
作者: lien331222 时间: 2010-1-31 21:31
頂~謝謝LZ
作者: liuxiaoyin 时间: 2010-2-3 17:38
标题: thank you so much
作者: liuxiaoyin 时间: 2010-2-3 17:48
标题: wonderful
thank you
作者: liuxiaoyin 时间: 2010-2-3 17:48
标题: 谢谢
作者: 熊熊加小怪 时间: 2010-4-21 23:35
谢谢分享````
作者: iceberg07 时间: 2010-4-22 23:58
好东东呀，赞！
作者: 爱玩才会赢 时间: 2010-8-28 12:22
支持！~~
作者: mujian0000 时间: 2010-8-29 19:34
标题: 顶！！
顶！！
作者: mastlight 时间: 2010-8-29 21:32
up
作者: 上岸喝水的鸭 时间: 2010-10-4 10:27
赞！
作者: zmy19880908 时间: 2010-10-16 17:54
赞一个赞一个先~~
作者: lexiyanou 时间: 2013-9-14 12:21
谢谢！！！！！！！！！！！
作者: crystalwx 时间: 2015-8-25 23:48
同意！
作者: jlikel 时间: 2016-3-27 10:40
一直想总结，发觉没总结出来，感谢分享
作者: 草祭立青 时间: 2016-7-28 01:35
超棒超有用！！谢谢楼主~
作者: lingadlfid 时间: 2016-12-14 10:45
thanks for sharing
作者: lastcall 时间: 2017-4-3 04:35
感谢分享！
作者: Eimer 时间: 2018-5-19 16:14
作者: prettydl 时间: 2018-8-9 20:16
顶楼主！
作者: 三磷酸腺苷 时间: 2018-8-22 23:31
感谢分享！
作者: 13544385667 时间: 2018-11-18 17:07
感谢，自己做了好多题也没总结的这么到位
作者: PennyDPP 时间: 2018-11-18 20:46
同意！
作者: 浮烟染 时间: 2021-8-3 11:42
感谢分享！
作者: 浮烟染 时间: 2021-8-3 15:41
同意！
作者: Ameliaami 时间: 2021-8-6 12:24
感谢分享！
作者: Ayo_May 时间: 2021-8-21 11:58
Mark一下！
作者: 考G的小智 时间: 2021-11-6 19:46
同意！
作者: 星星考鸡麦 时间: 2022-3-5 20:20
Mark一下！
作者: 星星考鸡麦 时间: 2022-3-17 09:56
Mark一下！
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