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标题: 关于定语从句引导词，in which 与where的问题.多谢 [打印本页]

作者: 欧阳可情 时间: 2003-12-27 16:20
标题: 关于定语从句引导词，in which 与where的问题.多谢
遇见很多题目，都是搞不清楚什么时候用in which ，什么时候用where或者when，是可以互换的吗？有的时候两个选项的区别就在于此，那么该选什么呢？
比如：
   His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine home- land, far outside the range of present-day glaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which greatice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas.
B . in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas.
E.  when great ice sheets existed in areas now that are temperate

   正确答案是B，我选的是E，搞不明白，请指点。多谢！

作者: 欧阳可情 时间: 2003-12-27 16:48
自己顶一下：）

作者: zida 时间: 2003-12-27 17:29
"that" refers to..., i don't know what it refers to.
that are temperate, or those are temperate?

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-12-27 19:58
欧阳MM要问的到底是in which和where的区别还是in which和when的区别？？

一般的，in which比where精确，因为where可以是on which / under which等，但是in which 对句子表述更清晰，但不要用这个原则绝对化，关注是否还有其他错误

至于in which和when的区别，我也不是很清楚，当时XDF老师给了几个后面必用文化内when的先行词（都是表示一个具体时间的词），我有点忘了，回去找找看。但是我觉得那几个固定用when的套路，不足以解决SC中的问题，请各位大侠指点一下

另外我觉得这个题目区分点不光在in which和when的区别，B和E意思上差别很大

作者: 欧阳可情 时间: 2003-12-28 07:03
多谢楼上的答复，我的意思就是那一类了，经常是in which 与when或者where分不清楚,我举出的例子好象B和E是还有另外的差别,但我以前真的遇见到过是唯一的差别，就是题目找不到了。

作者: Snazzy 时间: 2003-12-28 11:16
i have got some idea, but not complete yet, let me think
do we have more examples???

作者: 欧阳可情 时间: 2003-12-28 13:04
我记得我以前遇见这类题目挺多的，怎么找不到了？等今后找到了再问问你。

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-12-28 20:41
昨天找了几个，是固定搭配：
The year 后that 从句
A time when
A period when
An age in which

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-12-28 20:45
请Snazzy发表看法

作者: fdkbaby 时间: 2003-12-29 00:28

以下是引用欧阳可情在2003-12-27 16:20:00的发言：
遇见很多题目，都是搞不清楚什么时候用in which ，什么时候用where或者when，是可以互换的吗？有的时候两个选项的区别就在于此，那么该选什么呢？
比如：
      His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine home- land, far outside the range of present-day glaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which greatice sheets had existed in now currently temperate areas.
B . in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas.
E.  when great ice sheets existed in areas now that are temperate

   正确答案是B，我选的是E，搞不明白，请指点。多谢！

单看E，that引导的定语从句修饰areas，那么that要尽量直接跟在areas后面，而这里中间放了now。now在这里，变成修饰existed了，显然不行。now应该修饰are。

我认为这里in which和when都可以。如果把E改成when great ice sheets existed in areas that are temperate now.应该就可以了。

仅供参考。

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-12-29 10:38

以下是引用Snazzy在2003-12-28 11:16:00的发言：
i have got some idea, but not complete yet, let me think
do we have more examples???

大家在等你的IDEA哦，我急于知道

作者: dansy 时间: 2003-12-29 10:56
OG165 有关where & in which:
At Shiprock, New Mexico, a perennially powerful girls’ high school basketball team has become a path to college for some and a source of pride for a community where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are below the poverty level.
(A) where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are
(B) where they have 49 percent of the household incomes
(C) where 49 percent of the household incomes are
(D) which has 49 percent of the household incomes
(E) in which 49 percent of them have household incomes

答案C。我觉得有时考点并不在与where 和in which的区别，象这题，答案E 的错误不在in which 上。
楼主那题我也觉得不在两者区别，而在於后面部分。
大家认为呢？

作者: Snazzy 时间: 2003-12-29 11:50

以下是引用dreadpower在2003-12-29 10:38:00的发言：

大家在等你的IDEA哦，我急于知道

sorry, buddy, i just came back.
Thanks, daisy, for yoru example.
1, sometimes, in which = where/when eg.
  This is the hause in which I live.=This is the hause where I live.
  I would assert that the above example is the same case. If E were "in which 49% of hausehold incomes are", it would be right.

2, in some cases, "in which" is prefered, rather than "where" or " when", mostly because of the idioms. The first sentence is  a good example.
It is in an age that great ice sheets had existed. It would be wrong if there were not 'in'.

I have run out of wisdom.:-)

作者: Snazzy 时间: 2003-12-30 15:56
here is another example:
122. As a result of the continuing decline in the birth rate, less people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than did in the 1960’s and 1970’s, a twenty year period during which people born after the war swelled the ranks of workers.
(A) less people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than
(B) less people will be entering the labor force in the 1980’s as
(C) fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s as
(D) fewer people will be entering the labor force in the 1980’s as
(E) fewer people will enter the labor force in the 1980’s than

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-12-31 11:40
还是不很明白，大家继续讨论。。。。。。

作者: 欧阳可情 时间: 2003-12-31 16:23
我是在刘振民的书上看见过，意思是介词加关系代词比关系副词要具体，他的意思好象是prefer介词加关系代词，那如果不是地理位置的概念（in which,on which，through which ）而是时间的概念,那么介词加关系代词还是否优于关系副词呢?比如during which是否优于when?
大家继续讨论：）

作者: turtlechen 时间: 2004-1-1 17:48
When, where, in which
在Collins English Grammer中 8.108, 8.104, 8.105, 8.111有提到一些用法, 稍微總結一下, 請大家檢查看看.

1. when , where 可以用在非限制性關係子句中
ex: He came from Herne Bay, where Lally had once spent a holiday.
2. when , where 也可以用在限制性關係子句中,但前面必須有特定的名詞. 且像" Lodon" 這種專有名詞的地名後面是不跟限制性關係子句的.
ex: This is the street where I live.
3. 在限制性關係子句中,
表time: 可用 at which 替代 when
表place, room, street, year, month: 可用in which 替代 where 及 when
ex: the place in which they found themselves.
表day 之後可用on which 替代 when
表 situation, stage, arrangement, system 之後, 可用 in which 替代 where, whereby.

所以, in which 常用在限制性關係子句中,  (簡單看就是前面不要有 ,)可以替代 where, when
可以替代
   1. 時間觀念
      year, month
   2. 地點
      place, room, street,
   3. 某種情境
      situation, stage, state, arrangement, system

in which 用在非限制性關係子句中,  (簡單看就是 ... , in which...)
Ex: Sometimes you may feel too frail to cope with things, in which cases do them as soon as it is convenient.
表示要對所說的事情進行補充時, 可用 介詞+which+名詞 這種句法

讓我大膽結論一下:..., in which+ 非名詞必錯. 例如大全149

但
..., in which +名詞 :名詞+in which
則與 when or where 都可以互換.
必須找其他錯誤.

此外,
that which
與 ...,where 的用法,
在考古題中沒有對過！

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-1-2 12:21:13编辑过]

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2004-1-2 16:11
好帖子，UP

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2004-1-2 18:52
我还有一点看法：前面where和in which区别说了，
这是XDF老师给的几个固定搭配：The year 后that 从句
                                             A time when
                                             A period when
                                             An age in which
对于when和in which的区别：A time when=a time at which（不是 in which）
                                       A period when=a period during which（不是 in which）
                                       An age in which

作者: remona9t 时间: 2005-6-21 14:35

ding

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-21 14:36:49编辑过]

作者: 我爱欧洲 时间: 2005-9-16 08:44
楼主的问题里，E错在N+that is adj.为罗嗦。OG165中where和in which的用法也都是对的，OG的解释和turtlechen都验证了这一点，只是E的逻辑意思有问题。

作者: z520m 时间: 2005-9-16 14:07
介词+which>when,只要介词用的正确，并且不绝对，还要看其他的地方有没有问题！

作者: laure 时间: 2005-10-19 00:21

an age/ a penmenon/ the way in which

seemingly have "occured" in the "history" of GMAT

作者: amorela 时间: 2008-9-9 01:41
ding /

作者: crazyyeah 时间: 2008-10-22 22:09

一点不成熟的愚见：

when是关系副词，which是关系代词。所以当先行词起状语作用的时候倾向于用关系副词，比如during the period when...而楼主的题目中所说的是a concept of an age in which...这个时代是作为一个概念提出来的，所以用in which。

不知道能不能找得到语法书证明这种说法

作者: crazyyeah 时间: 2008-10-22 22:10
CD里的帖子随便一番都是3、5年前的，虽然这些大牛前辈们早就在另一个时空进行着它们的新生活，但在这个平台上我仿佛还在与他们对话，有点科幻的感觉~

作者: wentaow2008 时间: 2008-12-28 13:59
上面的兄弟的 “时空感”，我也体会到了，今天的我还能和3年前的他/她對話，不知3年后的自己又在哪里~

作者: sophiaruan 时间: 2009-6-14 12:08
me too

作者: Jasonhere 时间: 2010-3-5 10:07
定语从句习惯搭配:
the period when…
a time when…
since 1898 when…
the year that…
an age in which…
the way in which…
the next time + 句子
phenomenon in which…

此题，
1. Now currently is redundant because both adverbs express the same idea
2. 过去完成时表示过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用（不和现在完成时连用）
3. <1> adj adj n 两adj修饰名词且还要排队
<2> adv adj n 其中adv修饰adj，adj修饰n时正确
所以碰到这种情况要根据句意来选，所以D的current应改为currently
4. E选项，now that既然：because of something or as a result of something，此处不合题意
5. in which or when can be used interchangeably in this sentence

个人意见

作者: MDonkey 时间: 2010-7-21 17:01
谢谢分析

作者: amyvigil 时间: 2010-7-24 13:37
很棒，感谢前辈们~~~

作者: gracefighting 时间: 2010-7-24 16:24
有没有筒靴可以介绍一下这道题里面出现的这种用what 来表示地点的用法啊？？？？？？？

作者: xiangmingliu08 时间: 2011-4-15 18:39

OG165 有关where & in which:
At Shiprock, New Mexico, a perennially powerful girls’ high school basketball team has become a path to college for some and a source of pride for a community where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are below the poverty level.
(A) where the household incomes of 49 percent of them are
(B) where they have 49 percent of the household incomes
(C) where 49 percent of the household incomes are
(D) which has 49 percent of the household incomes
(E) in which 49 percent of them have household incomes

答案C。我觉得有时考点并不在与where 和in which的区别，象这题，答案E 的错误不在in which 上。
楼主那题我也觉得不在两者区别，而在於后面部分。
大家认为呢？

-- by 会员 dansy (2003/12/29 10:56:00)

记得以前老师讲过，一般情况下，where,when 等，不能修饰抽象名次，所以要用介词+which 之类的~~~不知道记得有没有错误，望大家指正！

作者: ciafica 时间: 2012-3-4 15:11
时空感

作者: creatokay 时间: 2012-4-27 14:31

定语从句习惯搭配:
the period when…
a time when…
since 1898 when…
the year that…
an age in which…
the way in which…
the next time + 句子
phenomenon in which…

此题，
1. Now currently is redundant because both adverbs express the same idea
2. 过去完成时表示过去的过去，通常与一般过去时连用（不和现在完成时连用）
3. <1> adj adj n 两adj修饰名词且还要排队
<2> adv adj n 其中adv修饰adj，adj修饰n时正确
所以碰到这种情况要根据句意来选，所以D的current应改为currently
4. E选项，now that既然：because of something or as a result of something，此处不合题意
5. in which or when can be used interchangeably in this sentence

个人意见

-- by 会员 Jasonhere (2010/3/5 10:07:15)

我正好看到攒个rp 提供一个例子
我看到有人说虚拟的概念不能用where ，然后我引用的内容里说a phenomenon跟in which
我觉得这个example也能说明一点问题有固定搭配，也有in which和where作为关系代词和副词的区别？

OG12 104
El Niño, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east.
(A)   a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated
(B)   a phenomenon where changes in the ocean and atmosphere are combining to allow the warm water that is accumulating
(C)   a phenomenon in which ocean and atmosphere changes combine and which allows the warm water that is accumulated
(D)   is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated
(E)   is a phenomenon where ocean and atmosphere changes are combining and allow the warm water accumulating

作者: 姜姜 时间: 2012-8-19 03:51
我觉得这题不用when的原因是when 引导的定语从句的先行词在句中作状语，an age在主句中是修饰concept的of的宾语，which指age，in which在从句中作状语；而如果when指代age在主中不是状语
求指正！！！

作者: RobinSW 时间: 2013-5-20 17:14
我的看法是：
B -> which 做前面名词的限定性定语从句， in 应该在后面，但是提前到which 的前面。
E -> in which 可以用副词取代，但是 in areas now that are temperate 比较 wordy，直接 in temperate areas now用就可以了
tips: n+that+is/are adj =wordy。

作者: eileendou 时间: 2013-9-10 11:16
又一个三年的时空感

作者: silvan33 时间: 2013-10-18 21:00
乘了前人的凉~~感谢一下~~

作者: seubomb 时间: 2016-10-17 20:40
时隔五年又考GMAT，没有时空感：）

作者: gumgum330 时间: 2018-8-5 23:30
感谢分享！

作者: 小小明噢耶 时间: 2019-8-14 15:17
where 引导的定语从句，被修饰词在定从中作状语，比较抽象的名词一般用in which引导的从句修饰。

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