four times as many as there were
I think this is the test point by ETS,not every...... in this question. So when you look at "four times as many than" in Q, as..... than. should be replaced in choinces. Anyway, what Cissy concluded is really helpful. Thank you
再讨论 every 用法 [Longman]
[always followed by a singular countable noun]
1
used to refer to all the people or things in a particular group or all the parts of something
We looked carefully at every car that drove past.
Every child will receive a certificate at the end of the course.
I enjoyed every minute of the film.I listened carefully to every word he said.
every single (=used to emphasize that you mean 'all')
He seems to know every single person in the school.
every last drop/bit/scrap etc (=all of something, including even the smallest amount of it)
They made us pick up every last scrap of paper.
如果Longman 字典是对的，那么 every animal species 是不是有问题呢？
另有 every 32 pupils (OG89).
请教呀。
American Heritage Book of English Usage http://www.bartleby.com/64/C001/027.html
| § 27. every |
| Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in form but felt to be plural in sense. The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced by every, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb; we say Every car has (not have) been tested. Anyone is (not are) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun that refers to a previous noun phrase introduced by every, grammar and sense pull in different directions. The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but the meaning often leads people to use the plural pronoun, as in Every car must have their brakes tested. The use of plural pronouns in such cases is common in speech, but it is still widely regarded as incorrect in writing. | 1 |
| The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule causes complications, however. The first is grammatical. When a pronoun refers to a phrase containing every or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular. Thus it is simply not English to say Every man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can you say No one could be seen, could he? If you are unwilling to use plural forms in these examples, you must find another way of expressing your meaning, either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as in Every man left, taking his raincoat with him) or by substituting another word for every or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them). | 2 |
| The second complication is political. When a phrase introduced by every or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what pronoun should you use? Consider the example Every person in this office must keep track of his (her? his or her? their?) own expenses. This matter is discussed at he under Gender. |
再问 choice C there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were
为什么是were，而不是was
four times as many as there were 的主语是computer,所以要用were
因为如果four times 是指every thirty-two students or the ratio(one computer for every thirty-two students的话
都是在逻辑上说不通的
89. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were four years ago.
A. there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
B. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
C. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were
D. every thirty-two pupils now have one microcomputer, four times as many than there were
E. every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as
本题语法总结如下:
now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils是比率的正确表示方法,four times as many as 是修饰前面整个比率的,THERE WERE后省略了microcomputer for pupils
用3-2的做法,D.Eevery thirty-two pupils now have one microcomputer不是表示比率,four times as many as修饰thirty-two pupils 在逻辑上说不过.
every thirty-two pupils 还是一个复数概念,应用HAVE
now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils是比率的正确表示方法,four times as many as 是修饰前面整个比率的,THERE WERE后省略了microcomputers for pupils
four times as many as there were 的主语是computer,所以要用were
因为如果four times 是指every thirty-two students or the ratio(one computer for every thirty-two students的话
都是在逻辑上说不通的
wow, strong support your explaination!!! Its much better than og's!
And Ｉｗanna say something about "every", in og89, can we just think every 32 students as a GROUP??? then we can use “单数"
every thirty-two pupils做主语时，谓语应该用复数。
因为 every在此是形容词，中心词是pupils。即使表示的是个小组的概念，也是指小组整体。这类似于people.
表示个体感念是，every 更强调总体中的个体，它的“总合”意义很重；
我认为“four times as many as there were”是修饰学生与电脑的比率的（one microcomputer for every 32 students）.这在逻辑上是讲的通的。因为本句比较的就是这个比率在时间先后上的不同，从而表明有更多的学生拥有了电脑。如果这个短语仅仅修饰电脑的话，没有什么意义，因为现在电脑的数量是原来的4倍，但是现在学生的人数也有可能增加，算下来，现在的比率可能还比原来的低呢！！！
看到有人说there were后省略了computers for students又觉得有道理， 我想应该把它理解为是电脑和学生比率的另一种表示方法（以前也是很多电脑对很多学生，只不过学生数量很多：））。
向大家求证理解是否正确！！！谢谢！！！
terrific
谢谢
我又知道了一个用法,这正是这几天我在考虑的.
American Heritage Book of English Usage http://www.bartleby.com/64/C001/027.html
| § 27. every |
| Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in form but felt to be plural in sense. The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced by every, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb; we say Every car has (not have) been tested. Anyone is (not are) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun that refers to a previous noun phrase introduced by every, grammar and sense pull in different directions. The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but the meaning often leads people to use the plural pronoun, as in Every car must have their brakes tested. The use of plural pronouns in such cases is common in speech, but it is still widely regarded as incorrect in writing. | 1 |
| The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule causes complications, however. The first is grammatical. When a pronoun refers to a phrase containing every or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular. Thus it is simply not English to say Every man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can you say No one could be seen, could he? If you are unwilling to use plural forms in these examples, you must find another way of expressing your meaning, either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as in Every man left, taking his raincoat with him) or by substituting another word for every or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them). | 2 |
| The second complication is political. When a phrase introduced by every or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what pronoun should you use? Consider the example Every person in this office must keep track of his (her? his or her? their?) own expenses. This matter is discussed at he under Gender. |
According to this explanation, "every thirty-two students " should be followed by plural verb, isn't it?
confusing...
Let's Fight,
Demon Hunter
The explaination from American heritage book is interesting, but I think it limited the word"every" here as "all" not "every + quantities+ noun" which is a expresstion of ratio, so they have different meanings in these two sentenses.
Try to feel this: every 32 students VS every students ??
Just my opinions....let's try our best!!
我觉得这个时候every是作adj。 修饰students。 所以应该用复数。
而each ，either等单词可以作pron. 例如： each of students 时 这个时候each本身就是主语 所以用singular
找阿找，金山词霸的解释蛮好的，贴给大家：
Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in form but felt to be plural in sense. The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced by every, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb; we say Every car has (not have) been tested. Anyone is (not are) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced by every, grammar and sense pull in different directions. The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but people persist in using the plural pronoun, as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups, it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing.
想问一下，问什么four times as many as there were，为什么不是there was,应该是单数吧
up
Just share some guidelines for the usage of 'each' & 'every' that I extracted from Manhattan GMAT Verbel Strategy Guide:
''Each'' and ''every'' Signular Sensations
You just learned that when each or every is the subject of a sentence, it requires a sigular verb form. The same is true for any subject preceded by the word each or every, For Instance:
1.Every dog HAS paws.
2.Every dog and Cat HAS paws.
3.Each of these shirts IS pretty.
One may mistake the subject of the second and third sentences to be plural. However, because the subject is preceded by each or every,it is considered signuar and therefore requires a singular verb form. Note, however,that when each or every follows a subject, it has no bearing on the verb form. For example:
They each ARE great tennis play.
Here, the plural subject they requires the verb form ARE
So from my understanding,for the answers D & E in OG-89,if we only judge in terms of 'subject-verb agreement' ,the 'has' in E is not gramatically incorrect,yet both answers are flawed for the sentence as a whole because they either fail to use a parallel structure or make comparisons between wrong objects. Both errors are corrected in the best answer C.
In regards to the 'there were' or 'there was' issue, I think the correct choice is dertimined by the actual subject of the sentence.So here computers, rather than the pecentage of computers, is the actual subject of the sentence, and it's illogical to state that 'there was **%...'in the GMAT test because in GMAT 'there be' is normally not used for abstract concepts but for concrete ones. The reason why computers here
is in plural form is , from my opinion, that the sentence is comparing all the computers owned by students now with those four years ago.
As for the 'percent' issue discussed in the previous posts, I agree that 'every + Number +Noun'implies certain meanting of percentage,yet to express the same meaning one can use various grammatical structures, for example:
Every 4 students in a class of 16 students HAS three computers/a computer.
one-fourth of the students in a class of 16 students HAVE computers.
Among all the 16 students in the class, 4 (students) of them HAVE computers.
More or less, each of the above three sentences conveys sutle meaning of 'percentage' while the gramatical expressions are different.The key point is what is the real,or say the central subject of each sentence(see words marked in red). Ithink the confusion is generated mainly from the the way how we commonly translate english sentences into chinese ones,a process in which one frequently forcuses more on translating the meaning while neglecting some underlined grammatical elements in the original senttence.
now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils是比率的正确表示方法,four times as many as 是修饰前面整个比率的,THERE WERE后省略了microcomputers for pupils
既然 这句话的前半部分已经是“one microcomputer", 后面为什么不可以是there was one microcomputer fur pupils?
请指教：）
Ithink the confusion is generated mainly from the the way how we commonly translate english sentences into chinese ones,a process in which one frequently forcuses more on translating the meaning while neglecting some underlined grammatical elements in the original senttence.
同意！
89. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were four years ago.
A. there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
B. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
C. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were
D. every thirty-two pupils now have one microcomputer, four times as many than there were
E. every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as
Can not understand what you discussed. I think that the best answer should be
A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there was four years ago.
按照句子对仗来说，前后的单复数应该一样，不可能前面单后后面双，或者前面双而后面单啊。而且there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils这个从句中主要指的是one microcomputer，况且every thirty-two pupils应该作为一个整体而不是分开的32个学生，所以为啥要用复数呢？同理，four times as many than there were four years ago 省略的是 one microcomputer for every XX pupils,所以也该用单数并且是过去式，我是这么理解的。觉得以上全错，呵呵。
多谢总结. 每次见到这些鬼东西我都生气.
不过,在阅读中,我从来没有见过EVERY 32 PEOPLE HAVE A COMPUTER这样的书面表达. 是否见到EVERY + PLURAL NOUN就选择PLURAL VERB?
多谢
89. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were four years ago.
A. there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
B. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
C. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were
D. every thirty-two pupils now have one microcomputer, four times as many than there were
E. every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as
Can not understand what you discussed. I think that the best answer should be
A recent national study of the public schools shows that there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there was four years ago.
按照句子对仗来说，前后的单复数应该一样，不可能前面单后后面双，或者前面双而后面单啊。而且there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils这个从句中主要指的是one microcomputer，况且every thirty-two pupils应该作为一个整体而不是分开的32个学生，所以为啥要用复数呢？同理，four times as many than there were four years ago 省略的是 one microcomputer for every XX pupils,所以也该用单数并且是过去式，我是这么理解的。觉得以上全错，呵呵。
我也有此一文的，为什么后面要用were?应该是was才对啊。哪位大侠帮忙解释一下。
to this question, I think that the structure "four times ......" is the 同位语，so both D and E are inaccuracy.
to A and B, the structure as many than is false, so the best answer is C.
我认为four times as many than there were four years ago 省略的是等同于 1/4 microcomputer for every 32 pupils这样的结构。1/4是否用复数？
Choices A, B, and C appropriately use the construction "one X for every thirty-two Ys" to describe the ratio of computers to pupils, but only C, the best answer, is error-free. In A, are does not agree with the subject, one microcomputer; furthermore, in A, B, and D, than is used where as is required. Choices D and E reorder and garble the "one X ..." construction, making four times as many refer illogically to pupils.
从cissy的例子开始就看疯了…… 不知道是不是自己搞错了 根本就在讨论一个无关样本！ there is one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils: is 对应的是one computer， 跟后面的every没关系 仅从D E 2个错误选项里 有什么好总结的 根本没有代表性 就算D E 很明显OG的说法是EVERY xxx HAS(OR HAVE)这个结构与后面不对应 根本没有解释have has的问题
LZM那个说法是错的 那些词只是在“正常用法下”接单数 EVERY 32 PUPILS本身是个特殊情况 如果非要说是接单数 我只能理解我是作为一个整体 一点点类似于every cup and folk has, 或者是因为习惯 every man and women has. 但我google了一下 英语论坛也没讨论清楚http://www.englishforums.com/English/VerbSingularPluralForm/jmzl/Post.htm 没时间继续google 希望谁能搜到个真正权威的说法来解释every 32 pupils has or have的问题
遵循主语 谓语要一致的原理
every 32 students,主语是32 students，和 every 无关，用复数
注意each of 32 students，这个主语的中心词是each必须用单数
至于there be 的单复数用法，以近为准，比如, there is A and B, A是单数所以就用is，和B无关，至于There is A prep B, 那当然更不用管B了
先做个记号, 我完全没看懂...... 泪
there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were
there were 后面省略掉的是什么啊？
如果是 there were 1/4 microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils four years ago 为什么要用 were 呢？
我觉得解这道题没这么复杂，首先four times as many as是固定搭配，因此ABD很快被排除，然后E的比较对象是错的，也被排除，只剩下C必选了。
我记得Gemj说过，不要太过抠一个语法点，没有太大的意义。
Choices A, B, and C appropriately use the construction "one X for every thirty-two Ys" to describe the ratio of computers to pupils, but only C, the best answer, is error-free. In A, are does not agree with the subject, one microcomputer; furthermore, in A, B, and D, than is used where as is required. Choices D and E reorder and garble the "one X ..." construction, making four times as many refer illogically to pupils.
从cissy的例子开始就看疯了…… 不知道是不是自己搞错了 根本就在讨论一个无关样本！ there is one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils: is 对应的是one computer， 跟后面的every没关系 仅从D E 2个错误选项里 有什么好总结的 根本没有代表性 就算D E 很明显OG的说法是EVERY xxx HAS(OR HAVE)这个结构与后面不对应 根本没有解释have has的问题
LZM那个说法是错的 那些词只是在“正常用法下”接单数 EVERY 32 PUPILS本身是个特殊情况 如果非要说是接单数 我只能理解我是作为一个整体 一点点类似于every cup and folk has, 或者是因为习惯 every man and women has. 但我google了一下 英语论坛也没讨论清楚http://www.englishforums.com/English/VerbSingularPluralForm/jmzl/Post.htm 没时间继续google 希望谁能搜到个真正权威的说法来解释every 32 pupils has or have的问题
我同意renpinwudi的观点，从OG的解释来看，这道题压根就没考every用单数还是复数，也没说every 32 pupils改变了one X for...是错的，只是说DE这么用，是后面的four times as many as指pupils了，错误在这里，而不在have/has
agree with 妞妞的牛牛, the key points of this question are
1) as many as --- the second ‘as'不可少
2) there were 不可少
Every 单复数不是考点，看来ETS没打算在'Every'上做文章，因为没有用法上的统一共识
觉得还是解决不了there were
就当做 1/4要用复数好了。。。
OG 89. A recent national study of the public schools shows that there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were four years ago.
A. there are now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
B. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many than there were
C. there is now one microcomputer for every thirty-two pupils, four times as many as there were
D. every thirty-two pupils now have one microcomputer, four times as many than there were
E. every thirty-two pupils now has one microcomputer, four times as many as
看这道题目的时候我自己选择的是C，但是我有一个疑虑：就是four times as many than there were，
为什么要用there were，而不是there was，与前面的there is now 不对称。
看了大家的分析后，总结如下：
1. 从句子的整体上看，句子结构是：
there is XXX, four times as many as there were.
否则句子的结构就不对称了。
因此，直接可以排除A，B，D，E了。
2. 如果仔细考虑句尾的there were，可以按照句意理解’four times as many as’，实际上是一个数量的比较。
因此这里句尾其实是there were computers four years ago. 而不是牵强的要和前面的there is 对称
3. 如果不考虑句子结构对于every 32 students，到底应该是用以下哪个用法：
Every 32 students have a computer.
Every 32 students has a computer.
从一般的语法概念上：
Every+ singular noun/plural noun + v (singular form).
但是这个句式是一般指每个XXX是XX。不管是单数还是复数，表示的是一个单个的概念来表现整体的意思。引用例子：
1.Every dog HAS paws.
2.Every dog and Cat HAS paws.
3.Each of these shirts IS pretty.
这里的句子中都是表示个体的狗，猫和狗，衬衣。
在OG89题中，句意是表示每32个人拥有一台电脑。强调的是32个人，而不是32个人的个体，因此我觉得应该使用复数。
Every 32 students have a computer.
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