ChaseDream
标题: 申请MBA精彩文章汇总 [打印本页]
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 15:52
标题: 申请MBA精彩文章汇总
人气不足，士气底迷，澍镇身为版主，特吐血推荐有关文章若干篇，慢慢地贴上来：
世界著名商学院招办主任谈MBA的录取过程：著名商学院的录取过程一直对于很多人来说是一个谜，我在下面摘录了著名商学院招办主任的对于这方面的评论，希望这对同学们有所帮助。
各自学校如何处理申请材料
每个申请人都会由至少两个MBA录取委员会的成员进行细致的评估。由于申请人数很多，我们无法面试所有的申请人。录取委员会在评估了所有申请材料之后，会根据要求向一些申请人发出面试通知。
----Brit Dewey 哈佛
我们所有的申请都是由三人进行阅读的。首先是一个受过有关分析申请的专门培训。二年级学生，他阅读后以书面推荐和评议的方式对申请者进名为许可、拒绝或进一步分析的评判归类。第二阅读者是录取办公室主任助手或副主管。他们“盲读”有关材料，这意味着他们并不知道第一阅读者所做的评议。读后他们也要做出有关评议并提出有关推荐。第三个阅读者是我。我不逐字阅读所有资料，而是主要将注意力集中于头两位阅读者关于该申请者弱点或较不具竞争力的方面。
----Don Martin，芝加哥
我们的第一位阅读人员总结申请材料并将其在学术资历、工作经验、个人素质（例如领导能力，面试也是很重要的）和总体进行分数为1到5分的评价。第二个阅读者也对申请者进行评分。然后就将申请依据两个分数中较高的一个进行归类。我们作为委员会全体来审查申请材料，首先我们看分数最高和最低的申请，然后再看中间的（为这个这个部分的申请做决定是最难的）。虽然这个过程比较主观，，科学性不强，但他是一个非常彻底和公平的。
----Sally Jaeger 塔克
第一位阅读人员对于申请做出评价，并向我们建议我们是录取，将申请人放入等待名单，拒绝还是在做决定前进行面试。第二为阅读人员也会做一个建议。如果两个人意见一致，我们虽然会看一下申请，但是通常就按他们的建议办。如果他们的意见不同，第三位阅读人员将对资料进行审查，然后录取委员会进行讨论。如果三个人中有一个希望申请人接受面试，那么我就面试申请人。在此之后，这个申请人的情况再回到录取委员会讨论。
----Peter Johnson 哈斯
第一位读申请资料的阅读人员是经过我们训练的二年级学生。第二位阅读人员是录取人员。如果这两个人都认为应当拒绝申请人，该申请人的资料就要被另外2至3名录取人员审查，以确保拒绝是正确的。如果两位阅读人员中的一位认为申请人应当被录取，我们就邀请该申请人进行面试。在他被面试之后，录取委员会决定是否录取他。
----Ann W Richards 强生
录取人员实际上无权决定录取谁。由财务管理、组织行为学、战略学、技术管理、决策科学等学科的教授组成的录取委员会对每一位申请者进行投票。现代管理理论告诉我们献身精神是至关重要的，所以我们通过让教师对他们对所招收的学生负责而增加参与精神。。INSEAD就是典型的这种高投入的模式。我们也吸收一些校友加入这个委员会，因为这种来自真实生活的参与有助于确定外部参考价值和对未来管理潜质的评判。
----Ludo van der Heyden教授，欧洲管理学院(巴黎区域)
如果档案材料中闪光的地方，我们给申请人不确定的益处，那就是让他们来进行面试。他们因而有机会来推销自己。
----Kal Denzel，瑞士国际管理发展学院
录取过程由教师和MBA项目主任组成的5人的录取委员会开始对申请人的材料进行评估。一些申请人在这个阶段就被拒绝了，而其他人被邀请进行面试。虽然我们在全世界都进行面试（甚至也可以进行电话面试），但是面试通常在牛津举行，由MBA项目主任或者一位教师主持。录取委员会在资料和面试评语的基础上做最后的决定
----Alison Owen 牛津
我们中的两个人阅读申请材料。我们先看本科A和GMAT成绩，然后再看他们工作经历的质量。我们还评判他们工资的上升、成就和所负责任。然后我们再确定他们的职业目标和鹿特丹商学院如何帮助他们去达到目标。接下来就是推荐信。如果我们认为该申请人的背景很强，我们就邀请他进行面试。如果我们对他们的申请不那么满意，我们就会把有关材料提交给整个录取委员会进行进一步审核。所以不经过至少三人的评审，没有任何申请者会被拒绝的。(我们的录取委员会由院长担任主席。委员会其他成员包括MBA项目主任，职业策划主任我们的市场发展主任和和录取办公室主任。入学许可主管。)
----Connie Tai，鹿特丹商学院
[此贴子已经被作者于2004-1-7 17:01:13编辑过]
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 15:55
世界著名商学院招办主任谈对GMAT考试的看法
管理研究生入学考试(The Graduate Management Admission Test，GMAT)是世界上所有一流商学院都要求有的成绩。对于诸多MBA申请人来说，如何来评判一个GMAT成绩，往往是通过朋友或者是GMAT教师的口中来获得，很少能够得到商学院中的工作人员的第一手资料。为了解决同学们的这个问题，我特将世界一些著名商学院的招办主任对于他们如何应用GMAT成绩以及对申请人的建议介绍如下：
关于GMAT考试的用途
我们对GMAT的数学分数做过一个调查，如果一个人的数学分数在75%以下，那么他很有可能无法完成我们的项目。但是，我们只用这作为一个软标准，而不是一刀切。如果一个申请人的数学分数低于75%，那么我们会看他的量化课程和他的工作经历（即他在多大程度上运用数字和公式），并且和他面谈一次，如果我们喜欢他，我们会让他在完成一定课程后获得录取。
----Sally Jaeger, Dartmouth College
因为每个人都必须要考GMAT，所以它是一个标准，我们每年都做有效性分析。GMAT 和第一年的成绩有非常强的相关性。我们的项目偏重于量化而且课业很重，所以第一年学生的成绩和GMAT数学部分有更强的相关性是不足为奇的。
----Mary Miller，New York University
在到达一定的高分后，GMAT对我们就不重要了。我们开始集中审查申请人其它方面。
----Rose Martinelli，Wharton
GMAT分数对于一些人来说，没有对于其他人重要。对于那些曾经学过很多量化课程的工程师们，如果他们语文部分可以，但是数学部分不好，我们并不是太介意。
----Ann W Richards，Cornell University
GMAT分数本身不代表什么。我们将申请人的GMAT分数同他们的成绩单对比。例如，如果一个申请人数学部分在60%左右，而本科量化课程又较差，那就麻烦了。不过，如果他的GMAT 数学或者本科数学成绩有一项很好的话，问题就不大了。
----Peter Johnson，UC Berkeley
关于申请人多次参加GMAT考试
我们会看每次的成绩，但是更关心最高的成绩
----Peter Johnson，UC Berkeley
如果某人不止一次参加过考试，我们会看最高分。事实上，我们可能不看总分。根据此人的背景，我们可能会注意语文或者数量分析的分数。对于一个工程师，我们或许会看语文成绩以确信他有必需的技能。对于一个外国人，我们希望看到35或40分的语文成 绩。有些人只在某一方面突出，总分并不能反映出来，因此我们希望避免这种情况。
----Rob Garicia，MIT
GMAT中的分析性写作成绩
如果一个申请人的写作分数低而申请短文写的很好，我们将读一下GMAT的短文，看看是不是出自不同人之手。
----Ann W Richards，Cornell University
除非申请人的写作分数非常差，通常不会影响录取的决定。如果写作分数很低的话，我可能会读一下GMAT的作文看看问题出在哪里。我们现在还不认为写作分数对于未来学生学习成绩具有预测性。另外，我们也不认为数学分数具有预测性。
----Peter Johnson，UC Berkeley
我们不读GMAT作文。那些写作分数低于4分的学生将在商学院选一门没有学分的写作课作为补救。
---Mary Miller，New York University
我们仍然不知道该如何对待分析性短文。对于国外申请人，如果他语文的多项选择分数较差的话，我们一定会看看短文，看他能否进行沟通。现在，我们只看分析性写作的分数，不看短文了。
----Rob Garicia，MIT
我们读许多篇短文，主要是用来确定此人能否有逻辑地把论点串在一起。 ----Julia Tyler，London Business School
作者: kathy72 时间: 2003-12-19 16:08
谢谢SHUZHEN, 有好东西总不忘与大家分享!
作者: cdgirl 时间: 2003-12-19 16:36
SHUZHEN大哥真是公德无量.
这么说考试时候写的作文也会被ETS寄给学校看了.
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 16:45
做投资银行家？-你想清楚了吗？（转贴一篇文章）
最近我的一位弟兄刚刚离婚，常常跑到我家来聊天诉苦。这位弟兄算是大家羡慕的
成功人士吧，他在华尔街任分析师，年薪在$300，000左右，开辆BMW。我和他是大学
同学，又都住在New Jersey，现在已是无话不说。说来惭愧，我的年薪只
有$70，000，还有在家带两个小孩不工作的老婆，买房子是根本不用想了，也总被一
些同学认为没出息。
本来老婆和我是准备帮助这位弟兄和他老婆和好的，但是我知道他们离婚的原因后，也觉得无话可说了。我一向羡慕这弟兄，那么有追求，事业那么成功，看我这土老冒，安逸享乐，这辈子算浪费了。可是在我知道这弟兄离婚的原因后，开始对生活有了新的认识。
这弟兄和老婆是大学同学，青梅竹马，羡煞人。来美国后，两人都开始为学习生活努力，并且毕业后都找到好工作，更羡煞人。工作两年后，弟兄被哥大录取去读MBA，毕业后又到华尔街工作，而我这时刚在一个学校找到职位老婆也生了个儿子，羡慕死人家了。可是不要只是看到这弟兄光鲜的外表，他的婚姻却正在经历痛苦。刚开始两人工作时，他老婆问要不要小孩，他说还有好多事没有做完，没有精力。在念MBA时，每天早出晚归，连老婆也忽略了，老婆几次希望能亲密一下，他都已经睡着了。在华尔街工作后，老婆认为终于可以喘口气了，却不想他更是每天早出晚归，因为工作压力比念MBA还大。又过了两年，我都又有个女儿了，他的薪水加奖金也几乎是我薪水的3倍了，老婆却要和他离婚了。女人也有压力的，那就是生小孩，她的年龄已经太大，不生就晚了；而他却天天忙工作，回到家不是太晚就是太累，他们大概每年有一两次就不错。
听完他的诉苦，我无话可说。一直被大家羡慕的夫妻生活竟是这样过的，BMW
里装的竟全是痛苦。钱，钱，钱，现在的人为什么就好象是钻到了钱眼里，忽略了其
他任何的一切。钱是身外之物，生不带来，死不带走，赚那么多却没有机会花岂不是
很悲哀。
我相信现在每年赚$300，000的他宁可花$230，000每年来买我的生活，我的
老婆和小孩，可是为什么非要到太晚才觉悟呢？他现在正在找一个压力小薪水低的工
作，可是谈何容易。除了其他华尔街公司要他做类似的职位外几乎没有其他公司愿意
出那么高价来聘用他，他薪水的一半对于一般的公司都太高了。他开玩笑说是走上了
不归路。
生活的真正意义是你在死前回过头来问自己是不是活的很快乐，是不是对得
起家人，而不是一辈子赚了多少钱。我们的小孩也根本不在乎他们是不是有高级玩
具，而是有没有爸爸陪他们玩最廉价的LEGO。有人说如果不趁年轻时赚钱将来怎么
办。人不能活在将来里，因为你怎么知道你有将来？你甚至怎么知道你有明天？将来
还有将来的将来，什么时候是你的今天？钱也是永远赚不完的。但是你一定确定你有
现在，你可以把现在活好。
而且有没有出息并不是用钱来衡量的。对于我来说，我的出息是可以每天早
早回到家陪家人吃饭和陪小孩玩。我有出息。
多年前我跟悉尼的一位同学谈话。那时他太太刚去世不久，他告诉我说，他
在整理他太太的东西的时候，发现了一条丝质的围巾，那是他们去纽约旅游时，在一
家名牌店买的，那是一条雅致、漂亮的名牌围巾，高昂的价格卷标还挂在上面，他太
太一直舍不得用，她想等一个特殊的日子才用。讲到这里，他停住了，我也没接话，
好一会后他说：“再也不要把好东西留到特别的日子才用，你活着的每一天都是特别的
日子!”
以后，每当我想起这几句话时，我常会把手边的杂事放下，找一本小说，打
开音响，躺在沙发上，抓住一些自己的时间。我会从落地窗欣赏淡水河的景色，不去
管玻璃上的灰尘，我会拉着太太到外面去吃饭，不管家里的菜饭该怎么处理。生活应
当是我们珍惜的一种经验，而不是要捱过去的日子。
我曾经将这段谈话与一位女士分享，后来见面时，她告诉我她现在已不像从
前那样，把美丽的磁具放在酒柜里了。以前她也以为要留待特别的日子才拿出来用，
后来发现那一天从未到来。
"将来”，“总有一天”已经不存在她的字典里了。如果有什么值得高兴的事，
有什么得意的事，她现在就要听到，就要看到。
我们常想跟老朋友聚一聚，但总是说“找机会”。我们常想拥抱一下已经长大
的小孩，但总是等适当的时机。我们常想写封信给另外一半，表达一下浓郁的情意，
或甚至想让他知道你很佩服他，但总是告诉自己不急。其实每天早上我们睁开眼睛
时，都要告诉自己这是特别的一天。每一天，每一分钟都是那么可贵。
有人说：你该尽情的跳舞，好象没有人在看你一样。
你该尽情的爱人，好象从来不会受伤害一样。
我也要尽情的跳舞，尽情的爱。
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 16:47
2003年留学市场三大新趋势
［中国新闻网］3月12日电：随着中国留学生人数的不断增多，学生在留学国别的选择上呈现多样化趋势。
据江南时报报道，传统的中国学生留学热门国家——美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰热度不减，特别是英国，2002年的中国留学生人数比上年增加了70%，澳大利亚、加拿大也分别增加了50%。
有关人士指出，留学国家选择的多样性与全球化经济发展有关，此外，留学国家教育质量的高低、收费的多少、获取签证的难易，以及留学生本人学习成绩的差异和家庭收入的不同，也决定了留学生在选择出国留学目的地时的多样性。
小语种国抢滩市场
在以往的国际教育展上，欧美国家的展团总是规模庞大，抢眼夺目。而在2002年的诸多教育展上，来自小语种国家的展团明显增多，其中包括泰国、韩国、马来西亚等国家。
分析其原因：第一，更多的国家、包括小语种国家向中国开放了教育市场，加强了与中国的教育交流与合作；第二，去小语种国家留学，竞争不是特别激烈，签证相对容易；第三，留学人员不再盲目追逐大国名校，而是根据自己的专业情况、经济情况作出适当选择；第四，随着中西方经贸往来日趋频繁，各个国家争相在中国拓展市场，开放的中国急需大批熟悉不同国家语言与国情的人才。
与此同时，在2002年诸多的国际教育展上，教育论坛、学术信息交流与留学说明会交相辉映，形成一种全方位的教育交流盛会，包括国外大学介绍、中外合作办学项目洽谈、国际教育论坛等。这种全方位的展会规模在给参展院校和观众带来便利的同时，也给国际教育交流与合作和会展市场带来一种信息——留学教育的品牌展时代已经到来。
自费留学三类人多
在希望出国留学的人员中，以下三方面的人士居多：其一是在校大学生或刚刚毕业的大学生；其二是工作多年认为自己需要充电的在职人员；其三是由父母安排、资助的初、高中学生。
近年来，企业特别是外企中高层管理人员或技术人员成为出国深造的一支新军。有关人士认为，随着经济、技术和产品的全球化，经理人才也日益全球化。在今后的几十年里，派到海外工作的主管在生意圈中将起到非常重要的作用，而有无海外工作和学习经历亦将成为诸多企业外派人员的先决条件。据ECA国际公司对海外专家的调查，88%的公司认为其员工在海外学习和工作一段时间对个人的职业前途是非常有益的。统计显示，目前中国每年申请留学签证的中学生超过万人，获准签证并成行的达数千人。一名小留学生留学的费用，一年约为10万至15万元人民币。
理工科类更被看好
据2002年中国学生留学专业排行榜，位于前十位的专业分别为：化学、计算机科学与技术、英语、国际金融、生物化学、应用物理、国际经济、无线电技术学、信息学、计算机。调查表明，学原子、生物、计算机等理工类的学生比较容易被录取，而学金融、法律、医学的学生却往往投师无门。
最近的一项调查表明，未来10年间，美国就业市场最热门的职业将是公司信息主管、电脑系统设计师、数据管理经理、电子商务主任、网络管理、工具模具师、教师训练员和电子行销、客户代表等。目前在澳大利亚电子网络企业中，33%的技术人员为华人，而且这个比例正在不断提高。此外，法国、德国、英国的航空航天技术，芬兰、瑞典的无线电通信技术，德国的汽车制造，法国的高速列车，挪威的造船，德国、瑞士的精密仪器，法国的核工业、食品工业等等，都是人才紧缺行业。
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 16:59
给胆大者的忠告
FROM BUSINESSWEEK
Doctored Résumés, Poisoned Applicants
Berkeley's Haas School of Business has had to rescind invitations to some newly admitted students due to lies about their job history
In the wake of the corporate scandals of the past year, there should be little doubt in business circles that honesty is the best policy. But apparently, some would-be executives haven't gotten the message. The University of California at Berkeley's Haas School of Business has rejected 5% of about 100 candidates it had slated for admission into its fall 2003 MBA class, after background checks revealed inaccuracies on their résumés. Most commonly, applicants fabricated work dates to hide the fact that they had been laid off. In every case, it was a pointless fib: Admissions director Jett Pihakis says all would have been admitted had they not lied.
Pihakis initiated a policy of reviewing all admitted candidates for Haas's incoming class because of rumors that, in the past, untruthful students had slipped through admissions screenings at Berkeley and other B-schools. After reading the first round of applications, he and his admissions staff contacted human-resources departments to double-check the employment histories of all of the first 100 or so people deemed worthy of admission.
Pihakis stresses that the lies his staff uncovered were bold enough to rule out any chance of simple misunderstandings. "We're talking about people who have been out of work since May [2002] and who applied in November" -- at which time they claimed they were still on the job. He adds that Berkeley's admissions committee was careful not to penalize applicants who may have lost a job after submitting an application.
SPOT CHECKS. Apparently, the key to finding cheaters is not emphasizing ahead of time that résumés will be checked. The University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School, for example, announced with some fanfare last fall that it would do exhaustive background audits of every candidate (see BW Online, 9/30/02, "Wharton Aims for a Wider Target"). ADP Screening & Selection Services, to which Wharton outsources the job, hasn't found any discrepancies yet, says Rosemaria Martinelli, the B-school's admissions director.
In the past, most schools have routinely done spot checks of applicants -- especially when something on a résumé or transcript looks suspicious. At Columbia University's Graduate School of Business, Admissions Director Linda Meehan says her staff has done spot checks for all 11 years she has been in charge. Those have yielded anywhere from none to "a few" rescindments each year. "We catch what we need to catch," Meehan says, though she doesn't rule out the possibility of universal background checks in the future.
In fact, many B-schools say they've recently contemplated doing wholesale, comprehensive background checks on their admitted students. The findings at Haas could very well spur more admissions directors to action, if only because chances are good that the students who were bounced from Berkeley have applied elsewhere: According to BusinessWeek's latest survey of MBA grads, the average student applied to 3.8 programs.
HOLD THE FUDGE. The miserable job market MBAs are now facing no doubt has contributed to the temptation to fudge the facts. Most B-schools are attracting unprecedented numbers of applicants, and the competition to get in has never been more fierce. Moreover, the weak labor market has made applicants with strong job skills the most desirable at many schools -- which figure that they'll have a better chance of placing such people when they graduate (see BW, 3/17/03, "What B-Schools Want Now"). Unemployed applicants thus see their lack of a job as one strike against them.
Which, in fact, it may not be. "Applicants don't need to fudge this," Columbia's Meehan says. "We recognize that this isn't [a good job market]." Pihakis adds that having been laid off "isn't a reflection of you so much as of the economy." Except, of course, in the case of applicants who doctor their résumés. Because for those who are caught, being laid off and then lying about it is three strikes -- and out.
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 17:07
常青藤学府对MBA态度不一
[转帖]美国MBA介绍
反映出美国教育价值取向的多元化
到达马萨诸塞州的第一船移民没有建国就设立了“哈佛大学”（1636年）；康耐狄格的移民们不满“哈佛”的清教徒教育模式而于1701年建立了“耶鲁”；一批对“耶鲁”过于重视人文不满的教职人员又在新泽西州的普林斯顿竖起了科学大旗。美国的私立高等教育至今受这“常青藤三巨头”的影响至深。面对新兴而火爆的MBA，常青藤各学府的态度大不相同，他们的做法代表了美国各大学面对这一新现象的不同理解和反应。
在常青藤八大学府中，“哈佛”最强调科学实用主义，也最重视“成功”。“哈佛商学院”（HBS）历史长，校友多，教学案例和《哈佛商业评论》都为其他商学院所采用，从而消除了许多学校自己编教材的必要，哈佛自己则靠出卖版权而大赚其钱。
HBS就像一家经营良好的公司，考虑问题常从公司管理的角度出发。他们分工明确，有的教授搞研究，有的负责案例，有的擅长教学；他们讲究规模效应，近2000人的在校生使任何竞争者都望而生畏；HBS及其学生都善于造势，讲究先声夺人；他们对外号称学术标准严格，连续几门不及格的人必须开除，但事实上，如有人不及格，自然有学术顾问找上来帮助其解决问题，很少听说谁真的退了学；他们经常采取“收购兼并”来增进品牌，如哪所学校的教授得了大奖，一定要把他重金挖来；HBS的学生大多适合当领导，如扮演部属角色就总显得不伦不类，除非是给另一个“哈佛”校友打工；HBS与主校园隔着查尔斯河，其学生总嘲笑“河那边”的人学究气，结果招来对岸一顿“铜臭气”的骂声。这不是玩笑，在最近接连不断的公司丑闻中，也经常闪现出哈佛MBA的身影，使这家素来尊道德传统为学生第一素质的大学难免尴尬。不过HBS也因此建立了商业道德研究中心，继续保持在美国工商管理教育中的领袖地位。
耶鲁则更注重人与环境和社会的和谐。其管理学院所在的一条街道被马克·吐温称为新英格兰建筑最美的街道，可惜的是，“耶鲁”管理学院在媒体排名中总是不高，因为大学希望管理学院不要像HBS那样与主校格格不入，而应当融入大学整体的人文环境中。但MBA10年来的发展证明，“耶鲁”这种想法是“落伍”的，MBA教育确实与大学里的其他院系不一样，其他院系还多多少少有些学术味道，商学院则越来越变得实战派。“耶鲁”的好处在于其师生比例在各校中相当高：一个课堂上平均20-30人，比起有些学校动则上百人“上大课”，学生当然有更多和老师交流的机会。去“哈佛”招生的大公司多半也会到“耶鲁”招生，但招生指标只是前者的1/4，因为“耶鲁”只有前者学生人数的1/4。
海外学生在“耶鲁”毕业后较容易找工作，该校的美国本土同学大都冲着“耶鲁”非营利组织（如基金会、政府和国际组织等）管理来的，这些人一般家境良好，本来就准备多做些公益事业。所以“耶鲁”的老美很爱帮助那些吃力的外国同学，就业时也不会成为竞争对手。
“耶鲁”当局一直希望管理学院能象法学院那样，尽管只有“哈佛”1/4的人数，却仍遥遥领先地被认为是“世上最好的法学院”。但事实证明，管理学院和法学院的环境大不一样，好的大律师、参议员和总统是无法大规模培养的，小班制更适合那种一个顶一个的人才，而MBA是必须大批生产的。最近两年，“耶鲁”先后投资数亿美元于神学院和物理系，但对管理学院靠后考虑。“耶鲁”管理学院院长们（其中William Donaldson 最近刚接任美国证监会主席），常教育学生客观地看问题。例如《美国新闻和世界报道》的MBA排名榜主要依据是学生出校后的起薪，如果耶鲁招生不是侧重于那些志在社会福利的人，而是曾经在华尔街就业的人，他们还会回华尔街去，而金融业起薪普遍高于其他行业，那这不就是提高排名的“高招”吗？但作为私立大学，“耶鲁”的管理机构是校友组成的理事会，他们重视的不是学生出校门的起薪和某学生是否当了总统或CEO，而是“耶鲁”300年来的教育传统和风格气质是否得到了保持。
“普林斯顿”则更担心“专业学院”（主要是商学院、法学院和医学院）会冲淡整个大学的学术传统，索性一样都不发展。“普林斯顿”是理论科学的圣地，只对那些“使人类社会受益百年以上的学科”感兴趣。随着现代金融学的日益科学化，该校也设立了金融工程系和金融研究中心。而且在这个MBA们热心去华尔街的时代，“普林斯顿”的金融工程系学生显得卓尔不群，其老师都是真正的超级大师，常常是一对一地教学。即使没有这些“赚钱”的学院，该校仍然是仅次于“哈佛”、“耶鲁”的全球最富有的学校之一。香港富豪胡应湘是该校电工系毕业生，一次给母校捐款就达1亿美元。
“哥伦比亚大学”商学院最好的广告是“惟一在纽约的常青藤大学商学院”，该定位将距华尔街更近、金融系也更好的“纽约大学”商学院压得抬不起头来。“哥伦比亚”商学院院长是诸多商学院院长中最具商业头脑和长袖善舞之人，最近盖的新教学楼活像跨国公司总部。该校的好处是近水楼台，因为用人单位都喜欢到纽约招人。“哥伦比亚”的教学质量一直不差，美国“股神”巴菲特和KKR的老板Henry Kravis就是该校MBA，这都是当今金融界可以左右时局的人。
“纽约大学”与“哥伦比亚”的问题一样：兼职学生太多。好在他们的教授都像纽约人一样富有实干精神，讲的课很实际。只是校外的人常混进来听课，致使数百人大厅经常爆满，老师就更没有时间与学生交流了。这两所学校的学生，一出了教室就融入人海中，所以彼此间并不亲密，但他们有纽约这个世界上最大的课堂。“哥伦比亚”为“赶超”哈佛，与“加州大学伯克利分校”和“伦敦商学院”组成了欧美“铁三角”联盟，结果迫使“西北大学”和“芝加哥大学”满世界去开分校。
本杰明弗兰克林建立的“宾夕法尼亚大学”与弗兰克林本人一样以实干和能力出名。“沃顿”的学生可谓公司最喜欢招聘的职业经理人。该商学院原来以金融著称，在宾大中有自己的商学本科，曾培养出“垃圾债券”大王米尔肯等金融奇才，还编写了许多全美证券业协会考试教材。近２０年来，“沃顿”向全方位管理学院方向发展，其历史就是现代MBA发展的缩影。自从有MBA排名以来，“沃顿”就名列前茅。在金融学和商学研究领域，“沃顿”也和“斯坦福”一样是最好的。但“沃顿”教授们也有苦恼，他们在学术理论上建树颇丰，但学生们更喜欢听来客串的公司总裁或“兼职教授”们讲成功故事。总的来说，“沃顿”学生能够在一定的基础上平衡理论素养和实战经验，不象HBS学生那样总以自己读过几百个案例自豪。
远在北部的“达特茅斯”自成一体，不设博士点，专心培养MBA。在与外界近乎隔离的地理环境中，该校有了最融洽的师生和校友关系。该校人数少，同一届的同学彼此都认识，校友常常互相提携，华尔街就非常欣赏这种精神。《华尔街日报》的排行榜反映的金融界看法居多，所以“达特茅斯”总排第一。不过该校倒更认为想上该校的人应当是冲着“达特茅斯”本身去的，校友间的亲近应当是因为彼此拥有相通的思想和风格。
“康乃尔”则发挥它整个大学的学术力量和工程学科的优势，使MBA们除了管理，还多了些专业背景。该校是常青藤中人数最多的学校，由于肩负着为纽约州培养农业和工程人才的使命，显得更像公立大学。笔者觉得等MBA太多之后，该校的这种模式倒是个发展方向：发展各种专业管理MBA。“哈佛”模式的MBA之所以兴起，是因为工商界觉得美国的学校分工太细，所以需要一些专门搞管理的人来综合一下。但现在搞“综合管理”的人又太多了，于是MBA可能又会向相反方向转回去。
一向“小家碧玉”的布朗则索性不设MBA，以免高不成低不就，还不如专心经营本科教育。该校“贵族气”较浓，生源们保持着“世家”的倾向。他们注重培养学生的综合气质而不是“专门人才”。许多家庭则愿意把子女送到这种小学校来，以免在综合性大学中鱼龙混杂。从教育的角度，这些学校的教授们不太出名但学问功底深，并能向学生倾囊相授。而综合性大学的教授要照顾学生的不同成长背景和对知识的不同需求，最后流于中庸。
现实地选择MBA
从表4调查结果可知，美国人选择学校的态度非常现实。他们懂得各商学院只要通过认证标准，课程设置就无甚差别，因此课程设置达到认证标准是第一位的，离家近也是考虑的因素之一。至于排名，则是最后需要考虑的因素。
所谓的“名校”，其实历史上都是搞学术出名的，而美国人讲的“学术”哪怕是商学院的“学术”也与真正的商业实践相差甚远，非常抽象和数字化。如果真像国内常误解的那样，认为商学院的教授就应当能“理论联系实际”地教出一些具体管理秘诀，那么美国商学院早就应当换MBA来当这些“培训班”老师了。
美国教育的优势并不在于他们如何地实战化，而是他们在各个主流的思想领域都统治着知识界。他们看得非常明白，只要大方向和思考方法正确（比如铁了心地坚持自由市场经济、尊重法制和数字等），人们总能在工作中找到解决问题的办法。倒是闷着头苦干，最后发现制度性错误一下子落后了几十年，那才亏呢（比如日本现在就被制度性的历史包袱压得喘不过气来）。所以那些单纯为增加管理知识而学习MBA的美国人常选择“达标”的学校，然后考虑以最低的成本达到目的，同时尽量多挤时间陪太太/先生和孩子。
近10年来的“商学院大排名”已与教育界一向的学术传统背道而驰，倒更像是“民意测验”。比如1989年开始的《商业周刊》排名，主要根据公司招聘部门和商学院的在校学生投票以及老师出名程度作为根据。由于是一人一票，人多的学校当然排名高了。如图1，笔者自己就被《商业周刊》调查过，问题包括你认为哪家商学院最好之类的，笔者当然选了自己的母校，而几千个被调查的各校毕业生想必都是这种心情。而且，我只上过一家MBA，哪里能有机会比较好坏？
本人以为，媒体排名是现代教育的一大杀手，它将扼杀任何现代大学制度最初创立时社会所寄予的“成为独立思想源泉”的厚望。“达特茅斯”学生与“沃顿”学生本来可能在伯仲之间，如果排名差出10名，给人的印象就是差出一大截，大学的办学方针会也受到媒体的诱引。我们当然敬重“哈佛”的成功，但更佩服“普林斯顿”的勇气。
归根到底，美国各大学在选择是否要上MBA项目时都非常审慎，不同的学校会根据自身特点而选择。毕竟MBA还是新生事物，飞速发展也不过是最近几年的事。当年美国法学院也曾飞速发展过一段，年轻人争相负债进入法学院，但市场最终饱和。专业学院的学位就像大众商品，终有过时的一天，能够沉淀下来的还是少数。■
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 17:08
国际潮流：MBA反思
MBA们因所采用的工作方法大体一致，工作效率大幅提高，因而社会上应该多些MBA。但若众人争着将时间花在MBA上，就可能导致全民族大偏科。 冯玉/文
十几年来，世界出现这样的现象:全球500强企业的CEO，多为MBA出身，且多为名校MBA。跨国投资银行等大机构、著名管理咨询公司，及其它十分赚钱的商业领域高管人员，其教育背景也大致如此。因而，许多人把攻读该学位视为通向事业坦途的必经要塞，而美国《商业周刊》等媒体的商学院排名，成了他们选择“圣地”的当然指南。
但近一年多来，世界商圈又出现另一种现象：随着全球经济的持续低迷，大公司驶进了多事之秋：许多由名校MBA执掌的大公司连出问题，而问题的中心，正是这些“精英”们。比如“安然”首席执行官Jeffery Skilling是哈佛MBA，其首席财务官是西北大学MBA。“世界通信”首席财务官沙立文为纽约州立大学MBA，花旗银行那位为子女上学而操纵对上市公司股评的Grubman是哥伦比亚大学MBA……为此，某家好事的媒体还专门排了一个“哈佛大学MBA丑闻榜”，名单并不短。
于是最近,即使一向坚持多元化主张的媒体也开始反思“精英阶层”的构成及作用，比如“300多年来企业一直没有CEO，世界不也发展得挺好吗？CEO真的不可或缺？”（《财富》杂志）；“商学院的崛起才是近十几年的事,从前大多数企业没有MBA，不也管理得很好？”（《华尔街日报》）。
另一些声音来自学术界。2002年秋，斯坦福商学院教授杰弗瑞·佩菲（Jeffrey Pfeffer）在与其学生合著的《商学院的末日》中，列举了MBA教育无用的种种证据。而管理学家明茨伯格（Henry Mintzberg）在《跨越边界的管理教育》中更激烈地表示：“管理是科学、艺术与手艺（操作感、分寸感、手感、质感）的结合。MBA教的只是各种理性分析技能，而艺术和手艺却只能从实践中学习。缺乏对手艺和操作感的把握，自以为绝技在身的MBA会给个人和公司带来不必要的损失。”
那么MBA在当代经济社会里，究竟担当什么角色？
被排名“劫持”的MBA
1921年哈佛大学成立了培养MBA的商学院。因为有了该院的“成功案例”，全球有些名气的大学渐渐效尤，设立了自己的商学院或管理学院。尤其在上个世纪90年代《商业周刊》、《USNEWS》等媒体推出商学院排名以来，各校便开始被排名牵着鼻子走，比如耶鲁管理学院授予的学位原来叫MPPM，有了排名后被迫改为MBA；西北大学的凯洛格学院和麻省理工Sloan管理学院的遭遇也大抵如此。再后来，各商学院的课程也不能随意定了，须要通过AACSB等联合会的认证，而经过其认证的课程，各个商学院的课程安排其实都差不到哪里去，更不用说大家都在用批量印刷的哈佛案例集。
“但人们选择商学院时，还是认‘血统’的，就像中国人讲求进北大、清华百年名校一样。”毕业于某常青藤学校商学院、现在美国著名机构任职的郑月先生在接受本刊专访时说，“原因出在就业机会和资薪方面。”
郑举例说，摩根士丹利、高盛、美林等大投行的核心部门投行部，一般只招收东部常青藤院校如哈佛、沃顿、耶鲁、哥伦比亚、达特茅斯等的MBA，再就是斯坦福、麻省理工、芝加哥等有限的几所特色学校。这一是出于对学校本身的尊重（常青藤学校历史悠久，学术精神完整；斯坦福是现代科技的NO1；麻省理工工科第一；芝加哥大学诺贝尔经济奖获得者多。）；二是因为一般只有这些学校，才有校友任职其中，而MBA要进入投行部门，须经过三轮面试。第一轮是机构派校友过去，因为只有校友才知道本校的课程设置特点，师弟（妹）们学得如何。如候选者非名校出身，也许这些机构就无相应的校友可派；第二轮是“交叉面试”，即某校毕业生面试另一学校的MBA，以防有人将“垃圾校友”招进来；第三轮面试，老总才出来。
资薪方面，郑介绍说，据《赢家通吃的社会》的作者统计，《商业周刊》TOP25商学院，其毕业生薪金一般都会较从前暴涨至少一倍。而其它院校的MBA，则毕业后工资无甚进步。
但排名前25位的商学院之间也有恶性竞争，比如在大力发展EMBA的哥伦比亚大学和加州大学伯克利分校看哈佛排在了前面，就成立了可以同时获得这两个学校的EMBA联合项目。该办法很奏效，就连已拿到斯坦福OFFER的人都被吸引了去—毕竟一下子得到两个EMBA，两个校友网，而且是很不错的EMBA。目前该项目报名者甚多，竞争激烈。
“这种做法是聪明的，但是带来的趋势是危险的，”郑先生评论道，如果排名第四、五、六的院校也如此效法（自由市场经济下，没有什么不可仿制的），联合起来给学生3个MBA，而排名更靠后的杜克（DUCK）等四、五个大学再组成更大的联合体，宣布一次性授予每位毕业生四、五个MBA学位，“校友”总人数也会因超过哈佛而排在哈佛前面，则整个MBA产业就会疯狂而滑稽起来。
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 17:11
冷眼看MBA
MBA、术语化与经济效率。在国内，许多时候大家都认为某个项目很好，但就是无法落实到细节和行动上去，因为大家衡量项目时，所采用的价值标准不一样，如有的以资产为标准，有的以盈利为谈判基础。并且经营项目时，业绩评估也很难，因为各人对“成功”的理解不同。所以一个项目，尤其是那些需要大量整合的项目（如并购），要运营成功十分靠运气。
“但在美国，许多项目的运营都是在多家专业中介的参与下完成的，”郑先生介绍说，企业CEO、投资银行家、会计师、管理咨询师如果都接受过现代管理教育，有MBA背景，他们所采用的估值模型、术语等工作方法就会大体一致，工作效率及成功率就会大幅提高。从这个意义上说，社会上的确应该多些MBA。
MBA泛滥与MBA生产力。近20年来，日本大量开发了SONY、松下、丰田等价廉物美的名牌产品，美国则每年“盛产”十几万MBA。中国近10年来也开始制造MBA,尤其在最近,产量颇为惊人。北京某百年名校开办MBA不过10年，接受海内外正规管理教育的教师也屈指可数，目前其MBA、EMBA在读生加起来却有近2000人（美国耶鲁、达特茅斯等校每才招200多名全职MBA），还不包括各种各样的短训班。
郑指出，目前出现“泛MBA化”，是因为一个人当MBA的机会太多。如果你是CEO等成功人士，就会送你一个MBA（EMBA），诱惑之一是：拓展事业你需要更多的校友资源，诱惑之二是：你的下属于都是MBA，你不是行吗？因此，更多的“成功者”被拉入“MBA利益圈”。然而就整个社会而言，这种现象很危险，企业家的校友关系固然也重要，但其经营素质和诚信才最重要。而且，MBA再好也不如勤勤恳恳地生产东西好，何况精英阶层迅速扩容，会导致劳动力成本增加，中国经济的比较优势因此缩小，全球经济也未必改善，因为MBA创造的生产力是有限的，而没有利润的增长，教育和商业神话又如何能够自圆其说？
MBA机构化与公司业绩造假。企业造假、CEO失职甚至渎职，早已不是什么商业秘密，但为何最近一年来某些事才曝光？
郑月指出，由于MBA们从小到大多为学业上成功惯了的人，但到社会上经营企业，则要经受市场检验，而学业出色并非意味着经营能力强。可是这帮“成功惯了”的人，不能“容忍”自己糟糕的经营业绩，于是就造假。“安然”等公司接连出问题，与此大有关系。而且，MBA们还经常把责任推到其他人身上，在美国国会为“安然”破产案举行的听证会上，参议院特别委员会被“安然”CEO对公司发生的会计问题一问三不知的态度激怒，故意问“你什么都不知道，可是请问你的教育中没有会计吗？”这位CEO喃喃地说：“我可不是CPA（注册会计师），我是哈佛MBA，”结果全场起立“鼓掌”。
在这些“精英”制造丑闻的过程中，高级商圈的其他人不会不察觉，相反，有时他们心如明镜甚至共为同谋，但这些高层大多也是名校MBA，很多与造假者正是校友。长期以来，这些“精英”已形成一个庞大的“利益机构”，MBA声誉成了该“机构”的共同利益。谁破坏了MBA的声誉，谁就破坏了“机构利益”乃至自身利益。“因此，某些利益一旦机构化，就会形成强大的自我维系力量，让好多丑事不大到一定程度，绝对不会曝光。”
即使在目前，经济圈内的精英阶层也很少谈起华尔街丑闻，大家都“共捂一个锅盖”，只有高盛的Hank Paulson和“嘉信理财”创始人Charles Schwab等极少数人站出来，对丑闻中一些扮演不光彩角色的精英和华尔街进行批评，至于媒体和学术界的反思，也将是个漫长过程。
“实际上，美国的成功系统不是惟一的，”郑最后补充说，“只要踏踏实实地从底层干起，许多人都会有很好的事业和生活。其实美国人多半不想当MBA（是真不想当，如果他想当就绝不瞒你，因为美国人一向以把理想挂在嘴上出名），就像他们不羡慕比尔·盖茨这样的富人一样。也许他们在功利主义者看来，有点不思进取。然而试想，如果在一个国家里，众人争着将时间花在MBA上，就可能导致全民族大偏科，而教育是一个国家的根本。
另外，哈佛等学校的学生虽然自豪于庞大的校友网，但也绝不是宣扬“裙带资本主义”。但放到亚洲的特定人文背景中，后果就难以预料了。■
作者: thankceleste 时间: 2003-12-19 17:11
啊，顶顶顶顶顶顶顶！
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-19 17:13
一个海归MBA眼中的本土MBA
本网北京12月17日电 加拿大有一个用森林包裹起来的城市叫伦敦，在这个“只提供森林空气”的城市里，有一所被称为“小哈佛”的名叫Ｉｖｅｙ（毅伟）的商学院，它因为每年生产的教学案例仅排在哈佛之后，而成为当今世界上最好的商学院之一。
中国自费留学生杨翔就在这里享受了两年的森林空气、感受了两年的骄傲，也在这里学到了中国急需的工商管理知识。今年５月，刚获得毅伟商学院ＭＢＡ学位不久的杨翔，便毅然作出了一个令许多同学不解的决定－－回到广东的高校从事ＭＢＡ教学！
毅伟的毕业生因其实际案例的教学方法，一个个都已“泡”成了商场的操作能手，他们毕业后多是商界、企业界争抢的香饽饽，其年薪都在五六万加元（约合３０万元人民币左右）以上。而选择到国内高校教书，失去的不仅是在商场中搏杀的精彩生活，月薪更是不足挂齿。但杨翔却说，她的选择是作了经济学的分析的：她要用所学的知识培养一批批中国的商界精英，这个价值远远超过为某个企业服务的回报。她希望有一天，当她的学生在国际谈判桌上与她毅伟商学院的同学正面交锋时，她可以为他们的精彩表现而鼓掌！
中国最需要在管理层普及ＭＢＡ知识，但过高的考试门槛将相当部分需要这方面知识的人关在了门外
杨翔认为，ＷＴＯ之后的中国要成为国际经济交往的赢家，急需对管理层进行国际化的ＭＢＡ教育。－－不一定非常深入，但起码要能看懂决策方案的理由，具备正确的判断能力；了解国际资本市场的需求，了解国际资本市场对风险的评估标准。杨翔讲了这么一个故事：北方有一个电力企业想在国外上市，但在做上市前的路演推广时，没有突出企业的管理和技术上的优势、行业的经验优势，而是花大力气推广该企业的特殊行业优势和政府给予的保护优势。最后使上市计划流产，原因就是该企业大力推广的企业优势，在外国人看来恰恰是其劣势－－投资中最大的风险就来自于政府的保护。
ＷＴＯ后的中国，企业界和商业界都将与世界产生前所未有的“亲密接触”，也会遇到很多前所未遇的问题，ＭＢＡ教育就是一条很好的解决之道。但是，目前国内ＭＢＡ考试中过高的门槛将许多急需这方面知识的人群关在了门外！她认为，现在中国ＭＢＡ考试的科目太多，考生需要大量的时间来备考，而目前中国最急需ＭＢＡ知识的人士，往往又是公务太忙闲暇太少的一群。杨翔甚至认为，中国可以像国外的一些大学那样，有针对性地培养ＭＢＡ人才，比如未来做总经理的ＭＢＡ、未来做政府管理者的ＭＢＡ和未来从事高技术、高风险产业管理的ＭＢＡ以及偏重金融行业的ＭＢＡ等，不同的ＭＢＡ，教学内容就可以有所偏重，入学招生时考核的方面就可以由各学校根据自己的情况各有选择。
国外ＭＢＡ的严酷训练使杨翔感觉自己像变了一个人
在毅伟商学院杨翔感受了ＭＢＡ“海军陆战队培训营”式的严酷训练。
在ＭＢＡ学习的第一年课程完成时，每天考一门课连续考了７天，而每一门课的考试时间都是４个小时。在ＭＢＡ学习的两年中，她和她的同学每周都有为了完成某个项目而通宵达旦的经历。有一次，在老师规定的４８小时里，为了完成一个分析报告，她们小组５个成员都只睡了４个小时。而就是这种严酷的训练，使她和她的同学们不仅在专业上能做到拿起一个从不认识的公司的财务报表就能看穿这家公司的业务实情，而且她和她的同学们已经在这种严酷中训练出了坚强的意志力，毕业时，她们都做好了每周工作８０小时的准备。
杨翔欣赏国外ＭＢＡ教育的环境，也欣赏国外企业与商学院的密切关系。她希望国内企业不要把学校要求去企业做案例的愿望视作是找麻烦，而是将它作为一次为自身做宣传，并吸引优秀人才的机会。国外优秀企业和商学院的联系都非常紧密，企业把参与商学院的教学作为自己吸引人才的第一站。
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-30 11:40
News And Features - The best B-schools.
By Cesar Bacani.
6,703 词
2003 年 6 月 12 日
Business Review Weekly
58
英文
(c) 2003 Copyright John Fairfax Holdings Limited. Not available for re-distribution.
Managing
Where you go for your MBA might depend on what you plan to do with it.
Do not tell John Selkrig that his MBA is useless. The former Sydney banker received job offers from four big United States investment banks after graduating from Dartmouth College's Tuck Business School in 2001. Selkrig, who is in his mid-thirties, was an intern with one organisation but eventually joined Morgan Stanley. He is now an associate for equity sales at the Hong Kong office. "Typically, you're an associate for the first couple of years after business school and then you move on to vice-president," he says.
The worldwide economic slowdown may be restricting recruitment of new MBA graduates, but the world's biggest companies still focus on brand names such as Tuck, in New Hampshire, which The Wall Street Journal rates as the world's number-one business school. Steven Lubrano, Tuck's MBA program director, says: "Certainly the numbers that corporations are sourcing are down a bit. But we are currently at 65% placement rate for interns, and fully expect to achieve 100%." He says experienced recruiters such as Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch and UBS know that the best time to capture good graduates is during a downturn.
Gretchen Boehm, Tuck's associate director for admissions, says: "We would love to admit more students from Australia and New Zealand." Over at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania, ranked best in the world by the Financial Times, more than 100 places went to applicants from Asia and Australia in 2002. Selkrig says: "Other things being equal, coming from another country is actually an advantage because schools are looking for international diversity. Every school now wants a more mixed student body." Selkrig had many Chinese, Indian and Japanese classmates at Tuck.
The study is mainly for people who plan to work overseas. Australian companies generally do not require an MBA. Ian Corley, a managing partner at the executive search firm MRI Worldwide in Sydney, says: "It might be on their wish list, but it is not a critical factor. Experience is much more important." He says Australian companies tend to give equal weight to an MBA from the Australian Graduate School of Management or the Macquarie Graduate School of Management as they do to one from Harvard. "I would also say Mt Eliza Business School," adds Erin Reagen, who also is an MRI managing partner.
It is difficult to say which business school (B-school) is the best. Take the latest US rankings. The Wall Street Journal has Tuck on top, the Financial Times honors the Wharton School, Forbes and US News & World Report name Harvard Business School, and BusinessWeek and The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) give the thumbs-up to Kellogg School of Management. The regional surveys also are puzzling. Asia Inc places the Chinese University of Hong Kong first, followed by the Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad. The Financial Times has Hong Kong University of Science and Technology and Melbourne Business School as the top two. The EIU's choices are the Macquarie Graduate School of Management and the China Europe Business School in Shanghai - with the Chinese University way behind at number 11.
The varied results perhaps say more about the surveys than the schools. How to bring order to the sprawl? What follows is a list of business schools that regularly appear in the top ranks of the various international and regional surveys. Whatever the disagreements about their actual placings, these B-schools are on the radar screens of recruiters and head-hunters.
The curriculums, program structure, faculty and facilities are assessed. There are interviews with leading companies and executive-search firms as well as school officials, students and alumni. Conventional surveys often analyse B-schools as "one size fits all" entities, but each has its own specialities, something that employers are beginning to realise. Nadia Pan, the regional human resources director at the advertising company Leo Burnett Asia Pacific, says: "Experience tells us that Harvard, Kellogg, Wharton and Columbia prepare people for senior executive [leadership] roles. European schools like Insead [in France] tend to focus more on cross-cultural management." Asia-Pacific schools have a natural edge in Asian and Chinese business.
The brand-name schools are arranged under 10 student groups, from the aspiring chief executive to the would-be management consultant, to the determined entrepreneur. Space restrictions preclude niche specialisations. (Hint: non-profit organisations, consider Harvard and Yale; health care, try the University of California at Berkeley; environmental management, look at Nimbas in the Netherlands.) Read on to find the top-ranked school that might be the best fit for you.
The top gun
Melbourne lawyer Virginia Porter considered enrolling at the Melbourne Business School, but ended up at the Institute of Management Development (IMD) in Lausanne in 2001. "I was at an age where a 10-month program rather than a two-year one was attractive," she says. "I wanted to get a well-regarded qualification in a short period in an interesting and stimulating environment. My primary goal was to find a job outside law and within business in New York without prejudicing the quality of my experience as a lawyer." Porter also wants to make sure she gets a shot at being a CEO, if she chooses.
IMD may give her that chance. Its program director, Sean Meehan, says: "Top executives of leading multinational companies tell us clearly that they need leaders, not managers. Leaders who can address issues and problems and build networks between diverse groups of people across different cultures." Students are sent to Bosnia for a real-world lesson in rebuilding a country. Other activities include an eight-week stint working on strategic issues with an international company and sessions with business, political and activist leaders at the annual IMD International Leadership Conference.
Leadership is the emphasis at Harvard Business School, alma mater of US President George W. Bush. Brit Dewey, managing director for admissions, says in the school's Web site: "We look for candidates who have been leaders in their extracurricular activities at college, in their workplaces and in their communities." Like most US programs, the 17-month Harvard MBA first gives students a grounding in general management. Students then choose from an array of electives, including competition and strategy, negotiations and organisational behavior.
（待续）
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-30 11:40
In Australia, Mt Eliza Business School follows the Harvard model for its 18-month full-time MBA program, but in the part-time executive version designed for experienced managers it dispenses with the foundation courses. There are intensive residential workshops on leadership and other subjects at a house with stunning views of Port Phillip Bay. Melbourne Business School has a similarly structured full-time MBA. Students complete core courses in the first half of the program. After that, they are free to choose from more than 30 electives designed to hone leadership and strategy skills.
At both schools the emphasis is international. Denise Hoi-yin Ho, who worked as a consultant with Unisys before enrolling at the Melbourne Business School, says: "I'm one of the very few from Australia - only about 40% of the students are from here. I'm meeting people with market experiences ranging from diamond extraction to chiropractic practice." The pace is more hectic than she expected - the program is a relatively short 16 months - but Ho has no regrets. "I've been extremely impressed by most of the teaching staff, and class interaction has been more than satisfying. Everyone is responsible for each other's learning here."
Internationalism is also a hallmark of France's Insead, which requires fluency in English and a working knowledge of a second language. Mastery of a third commercially useful language is required for graduation from the 11-month MBA program. Students at Insead in Fontainebleau and Singapore are encouraged to take classes at each other's campuses, and a stint at the Wharton School in the US can be arranged. Cross-cultural management is also a focus at Schulich School of Business, at York University in Canada and Thunderbird in Arizona. Only 40% of their students come from North America.
Other schools to consider: Ashridge (Britain), Asian Institute of Management (Philippines), Australian Graduate School of Management, Instituto de Empresa (Spain), London School of Business, University of Glasgow Business School, University of Chicago Graduate School of Business
The operations chief
The hands-on, day-to-day manager/troubleshooter learns a lot from the school of hard knocks, but an MBA also helps, especially one that has covered production, logistics, supply chain and other operational issues. NUS Business School at the University of Singapore has a Department of Decision Sciences that sharpens generalist MBA skills with electives in linear and non-linear optimisation tools, forecast modelling and management of production and service operations. Recent student projects include a calendar delivery plan for Mobil Oil and a regression model to improve efficiency at the call-centre operator P&G (China).
The Macquarie Graduate School of Management (MGSM) goes further, with a separate one-year Master of Management program that allows for specialisation in operations management. Students embark on projects with actual companies. Operations management professor Willem Selen says: "Recent examples include a study of operations value creation at Honeywell and supply chain management at Southcorp Wines." These Sydney projects will be used as case studies, along with work conducted by MGSM students in Hong Kong and Singapore, and other operations materials from American and European B-schools.
In Perth, the Curtin Graduate School of Business has a slightly different approach. After completing the basic 12-month MBA program, students can study for one more trimester to acquire a specialist MBA degree. The Logistics Specialisation program offers courses such as distribution and transport, materials management, logistics information systems and strategic logistics management. The Indian Institute of Management in Ahmedabad also has production and operations management among its strengths, but the school's MBA program is geared almost exclusively to local students.
Other schools to consider: Fisher College of Business at Ohio State University (US), Kellogg School of Management (US), MIT Sloan School of Management (US), Mendoza College of Business at University of Notre Dame (US), Stanford Business School (US), UBC Commerce (Canada), University of Bath School of Management (Britain), Wharton School (US)
（待续）
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-30 11:41
The marketing guru
"For corporate management roles, the successful candidate's background is invariably in marketing or finance," says R. Suresh, the Mumbai-based chief executive of human resources consulting at the executive search firm Stanton Chase International. The art of selling products and services is what business is all about, and Kellogg Business School at Northwestern University in Chicago excels in teaching it as a science. One of its star professors is Phil Kotler, the author of the ground-breaking book Marketing Management.
The school's marketing prowess is one of the attractions for Jacqueline Chow, a business technology major from the University of New South Wales, who worked as a consultant with Accenture in Australia. She says: "My experience at Kellogg has been more fulfilling than I had anticipated. The faculty are highly esteemed in their field of research as well as actively involved in industry. Class debate is always highly interactive. Last week there was a lively debate about China's entry into the World Trade Organisation among students from the US, Britain, Brazil, Argentina, France, Germany, Thailand, Turkey, China, Indonesia and the Philippines."
Other top US schools also focus on marketing, among them Harvard, Wharton and Fuqua School of Business at Duke University. In Europe, the HEC School of Management in Paris and the University of Edinburgh Management School list marketing as a key strength. About 75% of HEC's students are from outside France (19% come from Asia and Australia). The MBA is taught in English, with French phased in halfway into the 16-month program. There is no second-language requirement at Edinburgh's one-year program, although training is offered in Cantonese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian and Spanish.
Melbourne Business School (MBS) has a part-time two-year Master of Marketing program. Students learn from local case studies developed by MBS, and others from Harvard, London Business School, IESE in Spain and other schools. Would-be brand managers should also consider the 15-month full-time MBA program at the Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM). One class project this year involves the Sydney Symphony Orchestra. "Students apply concepts learnt in the first term and offer perspectives on the marketing and management of the SSO," marketing professor Murali Chandrashekaran says.
A former regional manager at the public relations consultancy Burson-Marsteller in Hong Kong, Lisa Mabilangan, recently completed her first marketing class at AGSM. "There were a lot of case studies and we did a computer simulation, which was excellent," she says. "We put ourselves in the shoes of a brand manager who had to make decisions based on data on a mock market and industry. It felt really live and the teams really got into it." Mabilangan also likes the school's internationalism (more than half the students come from overseas) and its integrative approach.
Other schools to consider: Haas School of Business at University of California at Berkeley, Macquarie Graduate School of Management (Australia), Mendoza College of Business (US), Schulich School of Business (Canada), University of Michigan Business School
The number cruncher
If numbers are your game, your best bet is to study at a B-school known for quantitative expertise. Tan Soo Jin, director and partner in Singapore for the executive search group Amrop Hever, says: "If the role is for finance, companies give greater weight to an MBA from Wharton or University of Chicago rather than from a school better known for entrepreneurship, for example." Other members of this Ivy League group include Kellogg (the alma mater of disgraced Enron chief financial officer Andrew Fastow), Columbia Business School, MIT Sloan, Stern School of Business at New York University and Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Finance is the most popular major at the Wharton School, which admitted 802 students to its 18-month MBA program last year (130 of them from Asia). The school tops the US News & World Report rankings in finance and accounting. "I wake up every morning amazed at how lucky I am to be here," says Campbell Bethwaite, a 25-year-old Sydney IT entrepreneur who wants to work in investment banking in New York. "I've never met so many amazing people from all corners of the world and all possible backgrounds in one place. The case discussions draw interesting insights and the professors are generally excellent."
The University of Chicago Graduate School of Business has produced six Nobel Prize winners, including current professors Gary Becker and Robert Fogel. "The fact that you actually have people who invented the theories of finance is mind-blowing," says New Zealand student Michael North. Chemical engineer Prashant Agarwal, one of 21 students from India, says: "The faculty is great and I like the program's academic rigor." The full-time MBA takes two years to complete, with accounting and finance among the most sought-after of the 13 specialities. The University of Chicago's campus in Singapore offers a separate 20-month executive MBA.
If students intend to stay in Asia, they can choose not to spend US$100,000 on a US B-school. Half that can get you an MBA at AGSM in Australia. After completing two core financial courses, students can specialise by taking seven electives, among them financial modelling and accounting for planning and control. The school draws on the resources of its prestigious parents, the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales. Its research is on par with the world's best. The Journal of Financial Economics, the finance field's premier publication, recently honored AGSM professor John Lyon with its All Star Paper award.
The Curtin Graduate School of Business in Perth and Mt Eliza Business School have tied up with CPA Australia, the professional organisation of certified practising accountants, to offer a specialist CPA MBA. After completing CPA Australia's five-course CPA program, students take up five foundation classes, an organisational in-house project and a personal-development module to earn an MBA from Curtin. Mt Eliza's more extensive program requires seven core courses, including one called The New CFO, and three electives. Two five-day residential leadership workshops book-end the program.
Other schools to consider: Anderson School (US), Cornell University Johnson Graduate School of Management (US), Fuqua School of Business at Duke University (US), HEC School of Management (France), London Business School, Manchester Business School, Melbourne Business School, Schulich School of Business (Canada), Yale School of Management (US)
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作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-30 11:42
The technology specialist
Massachusetts Institute of Technology is known for a focus on leading-edge technology. MIT's Sloan School of Management has a good reputation in the management of technology. Sloan's full-time MBA program allots one semester for five core courses, leaving the rest of the two years for electives. Would-be chief technology officers sign up for the IT and Business Transformation (ITB) track and spend a semester on a team project. An American ITB major, Christina Cragholm, says on the Sloan Web site: "I worked with a Thai consultant, a Singaporean software developer, a Dutch venture capitalist and a marketer from Michigan. That will always stand out in my mind."
For those with 10 years' work experience, a science degree and college credits in calculus and economics, Sloan offers a one-year Management of Technology program. Its Web site quotes Edward Roberts, who co-founded the program in 1981: "The goal is to give a management education to people experienced in running the scientific and technological aspects of their organisations." The curriculum includes general management courses such as accounting and marketing, but most of the year is given over to topics such as leadership skills in research and engineering, and managing innovations in industry. The program requires thesis writing.
Technophiles can opt for a technology management concentration in the two-year full-time MBA program of the Weatherhead School of Management in Cleveland. They are required to take three electives from an array ranging from multimedia systems to managing e-business technology. They can also apply for a place in an IS (information systems) scholarship program. Each awardee is matched with a chief technology officer or another IS executive as part of a mentoring scheme. Scholars embark on a team IS project instead of the conventional consultancy.
Britain's Imperial College Management School runs specialities in the bio-pharma and health technology sectors in its one-year MBA program. In Finland, the Helsinki School of Economics offers separate concentrations in biotechnology management and IT management as part of its one-year MBA. Rotterdam School of Management in the Netherlands has a 15-month MBA/MBI (Master of Business Informatics) that features courses in systems analysis and design, database management and decision-support systems.
The Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand has a 17-month MBA that includes a management of technology course. In addition to two required technology courses, students take six technology-related electives. Information Technology Management is a concentration in the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Business School's full-time 18-month MBA program. The school has teamed with the parent university's Department of Information and Systems Management to offer a part-time three-year dual-degree program. Students graduate with an MBA and a Master of Science in Information Systems Management.
The Monash Graduate School of Business benefits from its parent university's resources. MBA director Peter Reed says: "Monash has a very strong faculty of information technology that offers a range of IT courses few universities can match." The business school enlists the IT faculty in the teaching of core courses and electives in technology management. Students can choose a professional track in IT within the two-year MBA program, or study a bit longer for a dual MBA and MSc in Business Systems or an MBA and MSc in Information Management and Systems.
Other schools to consider: Anderson School (US), Aston Business School (Britain), Carnegie Mellon University (US), Instituto de Empresa (Spain), Haas School of Business (US), Krannert Graduate School of Management at Purdue University (US), UBC Commerce (Canada)
The entrepreneur
Two out of 10 Harvard MBA students specialise in entrepreneurial management after they have spent a year completing the mandatory general management courses. They choose from 20 electives, including entrepreneurial finance, management of the family business, and business leadership in the social sector. Students also compete in the annual HBS Business Plan Contest, which carries a US$50,000 prize. The winners this year were FBC Systems, which proposed the development and marketing of design-to-cost software, and Gyaana Ventures, which drafted a scheme to eliminate functional illiteracy in India by helping families commit to investing in the education of their children.
Babson College's Franklin Olin Graduate School of Business is not as well known as Harvard, but its entrepreneurship program has been rated higher in some specialist surveys. In the Entrepreneurship Intensity Track, students become interns with start-up companies after the first year, take up entrepreneurship electives in the second year, and launch a company in their final semester. The MBA program takes two years, but those with a business degree can have some core courses waived and graduate in one year.
The Entrepreneurship Centre at Imperial College Management School in Britain is headed by the author and corporate star Sue Birley, an authority on international entrepreneurship. Graduates of the London Business School have access to the business incubator Gavron Business Centre. At the IESE Business School in Spain, students write business plans for the annual New Business Forum, which attracts many venture capitalists. The school has ties to the conservative Catholic movement Opus Dei, one reason for the focus on business ethics.
Other schools to consider: Anderson School (US), Cranfield School of Management (Britain), E.M. Lyon (France), Haas School of Business (US), Manchester Business School (Britain), Stanford Graduate School of Business (US), University of Cambridge Judge Institute of Management (Britain), MIT Sloan School of Management (US)
The management consultant
Andrew Tsui, the managing director of the executive recruiter Korn Ferry in Hong Kong, says consultancy firms are focused on getting students from the top-tier schools because they "figure they need that cachet if they're going to give advice to companies". His pool of top-tier B-schools includes the Anderson School at UCLA, Harvard, Insead, London Business School, Wharton and Yale. Wai-Chan Chan, the partner in charge of recruiting for McKinsey & Company's Greater China office, says: "We hire overwhelmingly from the most prestigious academic institutions. But we also identify outstanding candidates from other schools based on their strengths in key areas such as problem-solving, leadership and teamwork. We really focus on the individual, not the school."
Consulting is a common thread in MBA classes at America's Concord School of Management in Boston, and that is not surprising. The school was founded by the consulting group Arthur D. Little in 1964. Now operated by Kaplan Inc, the education arm of The Washington Post, Concord continues to draw on Little's expertise and resources. About half of the student population comes from Asia and Australia, although Concord's flagship Boston International one-year MBA program accommodates only 55 students. The school stresses "skill sessions in facilitation, interviewing, issues analysis, problem identification and structured communication" that each student is expected to apply in undertaking an intensive consultancy project during the program.
More than three-quarters of all the courses at Tuck Business School in New Hampshire require teamwork, an important component of consulting. MBA program director Steven Lubrano says: "Success in business is not defined by a zero-sum game. Tuck students are taught within a supportive and close environment to understand when to seek consensus and when to champion a new approach. They understand how to manage clients, conduct extensive research, assimilate and present data, and manage client interaction." Tuck's is usually a residential general management program, although it has recently increased its coverage of ethics, technology and entrepreneurship in its first-year core courses.
Students in the Company Consulting track at HEC in France undertake a team consulting project. The participating firms, including GE Medical Systems, Hugo Boss and Volvo, assign mentors to work with the students. A similar program, called the Lothian Project, is an option at the University of Edinburgh Management School. In Australia, students learn to internalise management consultancy skills through AGSM's integrative approach and expertise in organisational behavior and change management. Boston Consulting and LEK Consulting are among the school's leading recruiters. Deloitte Consulting hires from MGSM, while Booz Allen & Hamilton has scouted for talent at Melbourne Business School.
Other schools to consider: Columbia Business School (US), Darden Graduate School of Business Administration (US), Goizueta Business School (US), Kellogg School of Management (US), Stanford Graduate School of Business (US), University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, University of Michigan Business School
（待续）
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-30 11:43
The investment whiz
When he was considering studying for an MBA, Tuck alumnus John Selkrig looked at where the department heads at his then-employer, Bank of America, got their degrees. He says: "They typically went to Ivy League US schools, whether it was UCLA, Wharton, Columbia or Harvard." He applied at Tuck and a handful of other US schools because he wanted to join an American investment bank. "If I wanted to work for an Australian or a European company, that might not have been the best decision," Selkrig says. "But if you want to work for a leading US firm, they've all heard of Tuck."
Other schools with a strong reputation are: Stern Business School, Cornell, Fuqua School of Business, Kellogg, MIT Sloan, Stanford, University of Chicago and Yale. "Stern's outstanding reputation in finance is based on its first-rate finance curriculum and faculty, and its early location on Wall Street from 1914 until 1993 before moving to the Greenwich Village location," assistant dean Julia Min says. "Stern has more multicultural professors than any other university - currently 50% international." Australian CPA Tony Sherlock says the professors are approachable and willing to help with a problem. "It's not uncommon to e-mail a professor a question at 1 am and get a detailed response at 2 am."
The London Business School conducts its MBA classes in the financial heart of London. Merrill Lynch is a big recruiter, just as Barclays Capital is with Imperial College and Lehman Brothers is with the Oxford University's Said Business School. All three offer financial-services electives such as financial instruments, company valuations, initial public offerings, and mergers and acquisitions. In addition, the London Business School has a separate Masters in Finance program designed for those planning to work in banking, investment management, security analysis, risk management and corporate finance. Full-time students earn their degree in 10 months and part-timers in 21 months.
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology's finance electives include investment banking strategies, portfolio management and innovations in the derivatives markets. A part-time, three-year dual-degree program is also available. Students earn an MBA and a Master of Science in Investment Management. The Chinese University of Hong Kong has an MBA in Finance in co-operation with Tsinghua University in Beijing. It is led by He Jia, who is a commissioner at the China Securities Regulatory Commission. In Singapore, NUS Business School teaches nine finance and banking electives, including bank management, futures and options, and risk management and insurance. The would-be investment manager can study five of these subjects for MBA specialisation.
Other schools to consider: Anderson School (US), Birmingham Business School, Haas School of Business (US), Manchester Business School, Nimbas Graduate School of Management (Netherlands)
The Asia specialist
If you intend to specialise in Asian business, it makes sense to attend a school that operates in the region, teaches from a constantly updated cache of Asian case studies and deploys Asian CEOs and other senior executives as professors and resources. Welcome to the Asian Institute of Management in Manila. AIM's two-year Master of Business Management program seeks to develop "professional, entrepreneurial and socially responsible leaders who are experts in Asian cultures and management styles". For experienced managers, the school has designed an 11-month Master of Management program. Executive recruiter R. Suresh says AIM is a magnet for companies in the region.
In Singapore, the NUS Business School focuses on the region in core classes such as Asia in a Global Economy, case studies of companies such as Cathay Pacific Airways and Sony, and award-winning research such as Ishtiaq Mahmood's The Two Faces of Group Structure, an analysis of the effect of family-owned firms on innovation in Korea and Taiwan. The 18-month APEX-MBA program for senior executives holds two of its 12-day residential modules in China and India. Seventeen participants, seven of them from Singapore, were accepted in 2002. Companies that send managers to the program include Citibank, HBO Asia, NEC Solutions and Vivendi.
Also in Singapore, the Nanyang Business School adopts "a global perspectivewith a strong Asian focus," says Choo Teck Min, the director of the MBA program. Courses include Sun Tzu Business Warcraft, which looks at business strategy through the Chinese classic Art of War. Nanyang also has an Asian Business Case Centre. The regional focus was important to Malaysian actuary Joanne Chan, who says practical course work, diversity and reputation also were reasons for choosing Nanyang. "I was pleasantly surprised at the mix of classmates," she says. "The most valuable experience is the interaction with smart, dynamic individuals from all over the world."
The Monash Graduate School of Business has strong Asian credentials. The school's director of MBA operations, Peter Reed, says: "We have very close relationships with Asian businesses going back to the early days of the Colombo Plan." The regional initiative, created in 1950, granted scholarships to young people across the region to study at Monash and other schools. A partner at the Australian law firm Middletons, Cameron Abbott, says: "Monash has an excellent mix of nationalities. I recently hosted a delegation from Shanghai and my multicultural exposure helped make the event work seamlessly." The school's links with Monash University allowed him to cross-enrol in legal classes and graduate with an MBA and a Master of Laws.
Other schools to consider: Birmingham Business School, Curtin Graduate School of Business (Australia), International University of Japan, Melbourne Business School, Richard Ivey School of Business (Canada), Sasin Graduate Institute of Management Administration (Thailand), University of Hong Kong
The China master
Brenda Chung, born in Hong Kong and educated in Singapore and Australia, set her sights initially on an American MBA degree. But she decided eventually to study at the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS) in Shanghai. "China is where I'm going to be in the next 10 years," says the former KPMG Singapore auditor, who moved to Suzhou in 1997 to take charge of customer service at a real estate firm. "It's important for me to be here. If I left for two years, I might no longer be valuable. The changes in the past six years alone have been very rapid."
CEIBS, founded in 1994 with help from the European Union and the Chinese Government, has been criticised for being too European-centred. Most of the teaching is still done by visiting faculty from the West, but the local staff have been developing case studies on Chinese companies. The school, which recently moved to a new campus, is also strengthening ties with the 100-year-old Jiatong University. Nine out of 10 students in the 17-month MBA program, which has room for 130 participants, are mainland Chinese.
The 18-month MBA program at the Chinese University of Hong Kong admitted only 34 students last year, with five places going to applicants from China, three from India and four from North America. "We plan to recruit more heavily from China and other countries," says MBA director Vincent Lai. Courses include Business Strategies in the Chinese Context, Marketing in China and China Field Study, which involves a week in Beijing or Shanghai for seminars with government and business leaders and company visits. The school also arranges summer internships in China.
The University of Hong Kong offers a part-time MBA program in Hong Kong and an international version in Shanghai. The Hong Kong modules, which last from five to seven weeks and are held on weekday evenings or on Saturdays, can be completed in two years. The professors also teach in the Shanghai program, in partnership with Fudan University, which gives them ground-level exposure to trends in China's commercial heart and enriches their Hong Kong lectures. Foreign students made up a quarter of the 90 participants admitted to the Hong Kong program last year. l
With additional reporting by Tim Healy
（待续）
作者: Shuzhen 时间: 2003-12-30 11:44
The perfect MBA
So you are clear in your mind which B-school is the best for you? Do not send off that application form (and pay the application fee) just yet. Make sure you have considered all the factors in your search for the perfect MBA. Here is a checklist to help you make the final decision.
Do you have the basic qualifications? As a rule, the top B-schools require a college (Graduate Management Admissions Test, or GMAT) score. You will also need two or more referees (typically your superiors or senior colleagues at work) to write confidential essays about your character, achievements, shortcomings and leadership qualities. You will be asked to submit essays about why you want to earn an MBA, what you want to do with your life, and what you expect from B-school. You will also be interviewed.
Is your GMAT score high enough? GMAT is supposed to be a standard test of your ability to handle graduate studies regardless of whether you attended college in Australia, Bangladesh, China or Zimbabwe. The closer your result is to the maximum score of 800 points, the more impressed the admissions panel will be. The average GMAT of MBA students at Stanford is 724, Kellogg and MIT Sloan 710, and Columbia 705. The average at France's Insead is 696 points, and that at NUS Business School in Singapore is 680. In Australia, the Australian Graduate School of Management average is 635, Melbourne Business School 620 and Curtin 610. For tips on how to prepare for the GMAT, check out www.mba.com/mba/TaketheGMAT , a Web site run by GMAC, the United States body that oversees the test.
Do you have a fighting chance of getting in? So your qualifications impress the admissions committee. But you still might not be admitted because B-schools lay out different-size welcome mats for Asia-Pacific candidates. Four out of 10 students at Thunderbird in Arizona come from the region. It admits more than 1000 students a year, which means there are 400 places for Asia-Pacific candidates. On the other hand, only 4% of the student population at IESE Business School in Spain is Australian and Asian. Its annual intake is 216 students, so the effective number of places for the Asia-Pacific region is just nine. But do not automatically reject a top school just because it has too few places or too many applicants. Even the smallest institution has room for a really outstanding student. To maximise your chances of snagging a place, however, make sure you have fallbacks. The table on page 61 lists well-regarded B-schools that accept at least 70 students from the Asia-Pacific region every year.
Are you comfortable with the culture? Some European schools expect students to design their own curriculum from a wide variety of electives. Most US institutes are more structured, with compulsory core courses in the first year and electives in the second. Manchester Business School puts emphasis on project work. Harvard Business School pioneered the case method. You need to write a 12,000-word dissertation for the University of Cambridge's Judge Institute of Management. You are expected to be fluent in English and Italian at SDA Bocconi. Find out how things are done in the B-school you are considering and decide whether it is a good fit for your work habits and your approach to learning. Interview alumni, or better still, visit the campus and sit in on some classes.
Can you afford not only the fees but also the living expenses? Not only do you need to fork out a lot of cash for a full-time MBA, you also forgo wages and bonuses you could have earned while you were in school. American B-schools tend to charge the highest fees and have the longest programs, at two years. Budget at least $150,000 in total expenses if you intend to study at a top-notch institution there. Europeans do not place as strong an emphasis on core courses, so their MBA programs typically last from 10 to 18 months. Set aside the equivalent of $105,000 for tuition, living expenses and other fees. Asian B-schools are the cheapest, from $33,000 (Asian Institute of Management in Manila) to $75,000 (AGSM in Sydney), about the same range as Canadian MBA providers (Richard Ivey School of Business, the equivalent of $67,000). If you intend to stay in Australia, there is really no point in paying so much to study in the US or Europe because local companies are generally happy with the quality of B-schools here. But if you want to work with a US investment bank, or move to New York, an American MBA is a must. Cesar Bacani
worldwide campus As the globalisation of business takes hold, the world's brand-name B-schools are making sure their classes reflect the diversity of races in the workplace.
Some B-schools, such as Columbia, Harvard and Wharton in the United States, accept more than 600 students a year, so they can allocate a large number of places to applicants from the Asia-Pacific region. Others such as Canada's Schulich are not as big, but still take as much as 40% of their annual intake from the region. Four out of 10 students at Thunderbird in the US, which admits more than 1000 MBA students annually, come from Asia and Australia. Insead in France, Richard Ivey School of Business in Canada and the University of Chicago have campuses in Hong Kong and Singapore, while Britain's Birmingham and America's Kellogg have teamed up with local partners. The schools below each admitted 70 or more full-time MBA students from Australasia in 2002.
international options for MBA study Key Strengths Tuition website
Birmingham Business School Finance, manufacturing, marketing $28,300 mba.bham.ac.uk
Columbia Business School Entrepreneurship, finance, int'l business
$103,500 www.gsb.columbia.edu
Harvard Business School Entrepreneurship, general mgt, leadership
$96,600 www.hbs.edu
Insead Consulting, general mgt, int'l business $74,600 www.insead.edu
Kelley School of Business at Indiana University Finance, marketing,
strategy $68,000 www.bus.indiana.edu
Kellogg School of Mgt at Northwestern University Finance, general mgt,
marketing $104,250 www.kellogg.northwestern.edu
London Business School Entrepreneurship, finance, int'l business
$98,250 www.london.edu
Richard Ivey School of Business Entrepreneurship, general mgt, int'l
business $56,000 www.ivey.uwo.ca
Schulich School of Business at York University Finance, int'l business,
marketing $41,400 www.schulich.yorku.ca
Thunderbird (American Graduate School of Int'l Mgt) Finance, int'l business, marketing $81,400 www.t-bird.edu
University of Chicago Graduate School of Business Entrepreneurship,
finance, strategy $104,500 gsb.uchicago.edu
Wharton School at University of Pennsylvania Entrepreneurship, finance, strategy $106,200 www.wharton.upenn.edu .
[此贴子已经被作者于2003-12-30 15:40:15编辑过]
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