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标题: prep2-29which就近指代 [打印本页]
作者: vivian_chi 时间: 2007-11-20 10:25
标题: prep2-29which就近指代
Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River, or Paseo del Rio, is the city's most popular.
a.Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio
b.Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life, in San Anotonio the river
c.Today the river in many cities in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike San Antonio, where it
d. In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio
e. No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life , but in San Antonio the river
答案是E。他说B的错误是which离US最近,所以他指代的是US不是the river,我觉得这样的解释很牵强,我们曾经做过无数的指代稍微远的题,这是否为硬伤?
另外我对这个句子结构也有疑问。后面的and the river究竟和谁平行?如果和but后面的句子的平行,为什么有逗号?
考场如果看到题,我绝想不到他要考的是倒装,我只会想到是unlike的逻辑主语问题。所以对B构成疑问。
作者: easy4meeeeee 时间: 2007-11-20 16:27
which 可以跳跃修饰在GMAT里面不能用 题库里面也就有那么一两个例子有过跳跃, 那是因为跳过的部分跟长度、宽度等性质有关 方勉强跳跃了
倒是E选项 如果把顺序理顺了来看
我觉得D除了逻辑意思不符合原意外,句子本身没有什么错误 倒是比较迷惑的选项
作者: qwedcxzas 时间: 2007-11-20 18:57
请问这里E的倒装怎么还原?
作者: racing78 时间: 2007-11-20 22:27
D在文法上雖然沒有錯誤~但在邏輯上明顯不合理,與原句所要表達的意思不同.
which究竟有沒有歧異,要看前面的句子而定,在B中有river和united states兩個名詞,依據which
就近指代的基本原則,加上which後面動詞用is,會讓人覺得是指united states.
句子還原變成:many cities in the united states no longer have a river....,but in San antonio..
作者: qwedcxzas 时间: 2007-11-21 17:45
不好意思啊~~~在请教一下
No longer do many cities in the united states have a river…,
的倒装还原成
many cities in the united states no longer have a river....,but in San antonio..
这样有倒装到吗? 不过是把no longer提到句首啊
我一开始以为a river是主语所以一开始就用主谓不一致把正确答案去掉了
另外
do在这里是什么成分呢
有没有人可以指点一下啊
快要考试了
作者: sarah_g 时间: 2007-11-21 19:32
以下是引用qwedcxzas在2007-11-21 17:45:00的发言:不好意思啊~~~在请教一下
No longer do many cities in the united states have a river…,
的倒装还原成
many cities in the united states no longer have a river....,but in San antonio..
这样有倒装到吗? 不过是把no longer提到句首啊
我一开始以为a river是主语所以一开始就用主谓不一致把正确答案去掉了
另外
do在这里是什么成分呢
有没有人可以指点一下啊
快要考试了
do是强调,no longer开头需要部分倒装,详情请见白勇P10,否定性词或短语位于句首时,引起部分倒装:never;no longer;rarely;hardly;few;little;not until
作者: vivian_chi 时间: 2007-11-22 17:46
qwed这句倒装没有错,racing的还原是对的。你别着急,考试中考倒装的很少,我看过这么多题也就这么一道。
我今天又看了一遍,好像and the river是和but后面的the river平行的,那么仅仅是两个分句的并列,为什么and前面有逗号呢??
正确选项+原文如下:
No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life , but in San Antonio the river winds through the middle of the business district, and the River, or Paseo del Rio, is the city's most popular.
作者: easy4meeeeee 时间: 2007-11-22 18:26
以下是引用vivian_chi在2007-11-22 17:46:00的发言:qwed这句倒装没有错,racing的还原是对的。你别着急,考试中考倒装的很少,我看过这么多题也就这么一道。
我今天又看了一遍,好像and the river是和but后面的the river平行的,那么仅仅是两个分句的并列,为什么and前面有逗号呢??
正确选项+原文如下:
No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life , but in San Antonio the river winds through the middle of the business district, and the River, or Paseo del Rio, is the city's most popular.
我也遇到过类似的逗号问题
Developed by Pennsylvania's Palatine Germans about 1750, Conestoga wagons had high wheels capable of crossing rutted roads, muddy flats, and the nonroads of the prairie , and a floor that was curved upward at both ends to prevent cargo from shifting on steep grades.
尽管是两个并列的句子用and连接一般不用逗号连接,但是他们的“接点”是两个名词的时候 需要加逗号来避免歧义(and有可能连接这两个名词而非句子) 这是我个人的理解 目前还没遇到反例 请帮忙佐证。
作者: vivian_chi 时间: 2007-11-22 18:33
终于翻到了新东方的老师讲义(那个坚持不肯透露自己姓名的语法老师),当两个主句平行,可以SVO,and SVO 从句不可以。再加上楼上说的,and前面有名词的时候,这个语法点应该全面了~~
作者: easy4meeeeee 时间: 2007-11-22 18:53
以下是引用vivian_chi在2007-11-22 18:33:00的发言:
终于翻到了新东方的老师讲义(那个坚持不肯透露自己姓名的语法老师),当两个主句平行,可以SVO,and SVO 从句不可以。再加上楼上说的,and前面有名词的时候,这个语法点应该全面了~~
SVO,and SVO 是什么? 解释下 让我也圆满咯
作者: lissy_721 时间: 2007-11-22 22:43
subject verb object,and svo
作者: 元宝豆2006 时间: 2008-7-5 17:31
开始我也选了B,认为which跳过in the United States修饰city在GMAT中也有类似的case。后来仔细看看,B的开头为“Unlike the river(特指) in many cities in the United States”,而原文中则是“Unlike many United States cities, where a river(泛指)...”,且从意思上来看泛指更符合逻辑。所以我排除了B选项,选了E。
作者: lichabrend 时间: 2008-8-3 21:56
up
作者: rorarora 时间: 2008-8-23 23:52
up
作者: wangyi217 时间: 2009-2-28 12:43
我还是判定不了为什么不选B
which跳跃介词结构指代实在太普遍了
何况现在语法最强调的是逻辑语义,E分明就改变了原句强调的意思
B怎么就不好了.........超级纠结
大家再看看啊
作者: pkngrs 时间: 2009-3-3 21:27
ding
作者: benja 时间: 2009-3-18 21:54
d. In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio
此处的But似乎不合理,似乎改为and比较好,逻辑意思才通顺。?
作者: vivian0331 时间: 2009-5-17 21:45
以下是引用vivian_chi在2007-11-22 18:33:00的发言:
终于翻到了新东方的老师讲义(那个坚持不肯透露自己姓名的语法老师),当两个主句平行,可以SVO,and SVO 从句不可以。再加上楼上说的,and前面有名词的时候,这个语法点应该全面了~~
关于and前面有逗号,我的理解是:
一般情况:and连接并列的两个动作是,主语是同一个
特殊情况:如果and连接,主语不一致,或者有必要添加代词(如it, they etc.)就需要用逗号+and 的方式。所以,我每次遇到逗号+and 的情况都仔细看主语是否一致。
不知这个理解是否正确,还请拍砖。
作者: vivian0331 时间: 2009-5-18 09:10
up
作者: michelle77 时间: 2009-7-16 15:34
为什么不选B? 顶上去
作者: vivian0331 时间: 2009-7-21 22:35
以下是引用michelle77在2009/7/16 15:34:00的发言:为什么不选B? 顶上去
同问:
,which严重指代不清,这是否构成排除B的决定性错误?
作者: 红尘道士 时间: 2010-3-21 09:55
我还是判定不了为什么不选B
which跳跃介词结构指代实在太普遍了
何况现在语法最强调的是逻辑语义,E分明就改变了原句强调的意思
B怎么就不好了.........超级纠结
大家再看看啊
-- by 会员 wangyi217 (2009/2/28 12:43:00)
这道题目超级纠结,看过所有的解释,都不能得到令人信服的解答,今天再次看这道题目,突然脑中灵光一现,有全新的方向来解释这道题目:各位朋友都没有注意到,
B中which is no longer the focal point of urban life
D中a river is the focal point of urban life,
E中have a river as the focal point of urban life
无论B和D,简化一下都是a river is the focal point ,E中是have a river as the focal point
我依稀记得主系表结构,是要表达主语的属性的,本题中the focal point 不是river的属性,所以不能用主系表结构
a river is the focal point应该表达成a river locates in the focal point
换句话说the focal point 不是river的属性,而是river的地点状语
open to discuss
作者: 红尘道士 时间: 2010-3-21 10:14
或者a river is the focal point更加应该表达成a river is in the focal point
作者: jbc88 时间: 2010-9-10 22:53
开始我也选了B,认为which跳过in the United States修饰city在GMAT中也有类似的case。后来仔细看看,B的开头为“Unlike
the river(特指) in many cities in the United States”,而原文中则是“Unlike many United States cities, where
a river(泛指)...”,且从意思上来看泛指更符合逻辑。所以我排除了B选项,选了E。
-- by 会员 元宝豆2006 (2008/7/5 17:31:00)
张冠李戴, 你说的是A项。。。
同问B为啥不能选?!
which可以跳跃指代,前面同学也说了题库里就那么一两道跳跃的。。那还是有例子的呀!
作者: sjmdlyc 时间: 2010-11-15 13:14
B的开头为“Unlike the river(特指) in many cities in the United States”,而原文中则是“Unlike many United States cities, where a river(泛指)...”,且从意思上来看泛指更符合逻辑。此处的which跳跃指代产生了指代不清的后果,不能选B.
+
B中which is no longer the focal point of urban life
D中a river is the focal point of urban life,
E中have a river as the focal point of urban life
无论B和D,简化一下都是a river is the focal point ,E中是have a river as the focal point
主系表结构,是要表达主语的属性的,本题中the focal point 不是river的属性,所以不能用主系表结构
a river is the focal point应该表达成a river locates in the focal point
换句话说the focal point 不是river的属性,而是river的状语.
结合两位NN的看法,可以把B排出掉了。谢谢!
作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2012-4-16 11:59
恩,好好学习 a, the 的区别。
作者: alzn2765 时间: 2014-5-7 11:47
sjmdlyc 发表于 2010-11-15 13:14
B的开头为“Unlike the river(特指) in many cities in the United States”,而原文中则是“Unlike many U ...
B选项有指代歧义,这是硬伤,属于GMAT大忌,用这个可以排除B是可以接受的。
但是关于“a river is the focal point ”的歧义的解释是说不同的,因为E中“have a river as the focal point of urban life”是主+谓+宾+宾补的形式,宾补的作用就是修饰宾语的,判断一个结构是不是宾补最简单有效的方法就是试试:宾 is 宾补 逻辑上有没有错误。显然E中尽管没有使用主系表结构直接说“a river is the focal point ”,但其宾语+宾补的结构表达的还是“ a river is (as) the focal point of urban life”的逻辑意思。所以用这个解释是站不住脚的。
大家可以试试: I consider GMAC a piece of shit. (GMAC is a piece of shit)
其实这道题这能用排除法做:
ABCD都有直接语法错误,E虽然改的大了点儿,但是至少没有语法错我,根据GMAT“选择更好的那个”的原则,没办法只能选E.
作者: AnnieFFish 时间: 2016-8-23 19:28
附上RON的解释:
choice b:
comparison isn't so good:
the second part should start directly with 'the river' (instead of 'in san antonio the river...'), so that the comparison is more clear.
much more importantly, poor use of the relative pronoun 'which':
'...cities in the united states, which is no longer the focal point...'
relative pronouns like which, by default, refer to the noun that's closest to the left, which in this case is the united states. therefore, this relative pronoun is used in a way that's either ambiguous (if you allow it to potentially refer to other nouns) or just plain wrong (if you follow the rule strictly).
B里面已经出现了可以错误指代的可能性,既然有这种可能性了,就不能选它
而且river和which之间隔着两个名词:cities、US, 从位置上来说,实在有些远了
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