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标题: 请教大全-12-2,大全-12-16 [打印本页]

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-4-25 11:21
标题: 请教大全-12-2,大全-12-16
2. Consumer income reports produced by the govern-
ment distinguish between households and families by
means of the following definition: "A family is a
household containing a householder and at least one
person related to the householder." Except for the
homeless and people in group living quarters, most
people live in households.

According to the definition above, which of the
following must be true?
(A) All householders are members of families.
(B) All families include a householder.
(C) All of the people related to a householder form
a family.
(D) Some people residing in group living quarters
are members of families.
(E) Some homeless people reside in group living
quarters.

答案:B,我选A,A为什么不对呢?请问做这种题有什么好的思路吗?

如果B:Each family includes a householder.那就是答案,可是B说的是all,是不是英文中的意思是完全一样的呢?

16. In a study of the effect of color on productivity,
50 of 100 factory workers were moved from their
drab workroom to a brightly colored workroom.
Both these workers and the 50 who remained in the
drab workroom increased their productivity, proba-
bly as a result of the interest taken by researchers in
the work of both groups during the study.

Which of the following, if true, would cast most
doubt upon the author's interpretation of the study
results given above?

(A) The 50 workers moved to the brightly colored
room performed precisely the same manufac-
turing task as the workers who remained in
the drab workroom.
(B) The drab workroom was designed to provide
adequate space for at most 65 workers.
(C) The 50 workers who moved to the brightly
colored workroom were matched as closely
as possible in age and level of training to the
50 workers who remained in the drab work-room.
(D) Nearly all the workers in both groups had
volunteered to move to the brightly colored
workroom.
(E) Many of the workers who moved to the
brightly colored workroom reported that
they liked the drab workroom as well as or
better than they liked the brightly colored
workroom.

答案:B,我简明直想不明白为什么B会是削弱?

谢谢.

作者: nobody 时间: 2003-4-25 18:51
1.A错是因为超出了范围, family范围大于the household with a householder, family至少2人，householder+1,关键是读懂描述的关系。
2.B削弱是给出他因，指出100人在原来容纳65人的空间工作，效率自然就低，分出50人后，两边的人因空间大效率提高了。

请大家补充。

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-4-25 19:13
2,family=a householder+at least one person

===>A:All householders are members of families

A is correct.

作者: nobody 时间: 2003-4-25 19:22
a household with the householder only
a family with a householder and someone else
这两个并不相等，前者the householder只能说是the member of a household, 不能是the member of a family

请大家补充

作者: mindfree 时间: 2003-4-25 20:33
1. B 原文指出family(A)是有一个householder并加上至少一个与其有亲属关系的人(B). 由此可以推断出a. 如果只有一个householder, 那就不是family. 逻辑关系为A--B ==> 非B-->非A. 所以选项A错. 原逻辑关系中有两个必要条件: B1. householder B2. at least one person related to the householder. 所以 A--> B1 and B2. 因此B选项正确.

2. weaken题目很典型的一种是"其它原因造成". 此题中, 原文逻辑为:
premises: increased productivity in both the 50 workers in brightly colored room and the 50 workers remaining in the drab colored room, compared to 100 workers in the drab...
conclusion: brightly color help improve productivity

如果其他原因能够解释, 则此结论不成立. B说明原来的房间本来就不适合100人. 只适用最多65人工作. 言下之意为:100人在里面工作效果要低于65人以下. 分出50人, 无论是否在birghtly-colored房间里, 都会提高productivity.

此题还可以变为assumption. 则答案为:不是因为原来的房间不够大造成生产率低下.

还要注意原文指出两批50个工人的productivity都提高. 如果没有此条件, 或条件为50 workers in brightly-colored showed improved productivity when compared to 50 workers in the drab .. 则不能推出B.

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-4-25 23:23
MINDFREE，非常感谢。你解答得真好。真的。

BTW，
1。A中逻辑关系为A--B ==> B-->A.应该是这样的吧？
B中， A--> B1 and B2. 因此B选项正确. 完全同意。

2。the interest taken by researchers in the work of both groups during the study.
===>Both these workers and the 50 who remained in the
drab workroom increased their productivity，对吗？
而不是brightly color help improve productivity，对吗？

你对这个他因的解释非常清楚。还有这题的其它变法，讲得明了。非常感谢。

作者: mindfree 时间: 2003-4-26 00:27
首先不要客气.

1. 你的理解是对的. 但是有一点要注意. 此题是一道范围题. 如果按逻辑充分必要条件来考虑, 不如用图表和集合直接.

2. 对.

作者: bigmouse 时间: 2005-3-20 16:59
那位能帮我解释一下16题的E为什么不对吗？谢谢了～～

作者: howardwang 时间: 2005-10-26 17:02

顶一下

第16题，最后一句话怎么翻译呢？

probably as a result of the interest taken by researchers in
the work of both groups during the study.

作者: lina80 时间: 2005-12-6 20:50

顶一下。

偶也郁闷了半天，16题的最后一句话什么意思。

probably as a result of the interest taken by researchers in
the work of both groups during the study.

作者: hestia 时间: 2005-12-7 00:42

probably as a result of the interest taken by researchers in　the work of both groups during the study.

两组人的产量都提高了，也许是因为他们都注意到了：研究人员在关注他们，（而不是因为照明的关系）

这道题也许来源于霍桑实验：

霍桑实验：
　　一、照明实验。时间从1924年11月至1927年4月。
　　当时关于生产效率的理论占统治地位的是劳动医学的观点，认为也许工人生产效率的是疲劳和单调感等，于是当时的实验假设便是“提高照明度有助于减少疲劳，使生产效率提高”。可是经过两年多实验发现，照明度的改变对生产效率并无影响。具体结果是：当实验组照明度增大时，实验组和控制组都增产；当实验组照明度减弱时，两组依然都增产，甚至实验组的照明度减至0.06烛光时，其产量亦无明显下降；直至照明减至如月光一般、实在看不清时，产量才急剧降下来。

作者: fengyun1 时间: 2006-9-2 15:24

顶一下。

偶也郁闷了半天，16题的最后一句话什么意思。

probably as a result of the interest taken by researchers in
the work of both groups during the study.

试着翻译一下：在对两组人的工作的研究中发现， increased their productivity可能是由researcher带来的兴趣（利益）所导致的结果

作者: 向上爬的猪 时间: 2006-12-1 11:05

你和你妻子,在外面(以你的名义)买了房,你是HOUSEHOLDER,你们俩人组成一个FAMILY.

如果你是单身一人在外面买房，那么你是ＨＯＵＳＥＨＯＬＤＥＲ，你不能组成一个ＦＡＭＩＬＹ．

因此ＨＯＵＳＥＨＯＬＤＥＲ并不一定是Ａ　ＭＥＭＢＥＲ　ＯＦ　ＦＡＭＩＬＹ

作者: jellysun 时间: 2007-2-16 17:01

以下是引用bigmouse在2005-3-20 16:59:00的发言：
那位能帮我解释一下16题的E为什么不对吗？谢谢了～～

题目说两组工人productivity都有增加

那么所提出的原因应当对两组都有影响

E最多只能说明brightly colored组的情况.(而且似乎还不能解释其生产率增加的原因..)

一点拙见..

作者: lichabrend 时间: 2008-7-30 16:12
up

作者: 听风听雨 时间: 2008-8-3 11:44
大概意思是，工人们的效率提高是因为研究者们的关注。

作者: ellie78 时间: 2010-4-20 12:33
文中定义：除了无家可归者，family的定义是，一个household中，有一个户主，且有至少一个与户主有关的人。
B对，每个家庭都有一个户主。A？户主是家庭成员？为什么不对？

作者: ellie78 时间: 2010-4-20 12:36
我明白了...

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