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标题: Last－0606－2－17 [打印本页]

作者: tomlaw 时间: 2007-9-16 22:07
标题: Last－0606－2－17

Human beings can exhibit complex, goal-oriented behavior without connscious awareness of what they are doing. Thus, merely establishing that nonhuman animals are intelligent will not establish that they have consciousness.

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

a. complex, goal-oriented behavior requires intelligence

b. the possesstion of consciousness does not imply the possession of intelligence.

c. all forms of conscious behavior involve the exercise of intelligence.

d. the possession of intelligence entails the possession of consciousness.

e. some intelligent human behavior is neither complex nor goal-oriented.

哪位牛牛帮忙解释一下解提思路？

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-16 22:13:15编辑过]

作者: mygoalusa 时间: 2007-9-18 11:24
I am wrestling between A and E, quite a tricky quesiton, is E the key?

作者: tomlaw 时间: 2007-9-20 09:13
标题: 回复：（mygoalusa）I am wrestling between A and E,...
the answer is A.

作者: icewarm 时间: 2007-9-25 23:44
This is a tricky one.

Premise: Human beings can exhibit complex, goal-oriented behavior
without connscious awareness of what they are doing.

Basically it says, consciousness is not a necessary condition for complex, goal-oriented behavior.

Conclusion: Thus, merely
establishing that nonhuman animals are intelligent will not establish
that they have consciousness.

Intelligence is not a sufficient condition for consciousness.

cgb = complex, goal-oriented behavior.
C = consciousness
I = intelligence

A: cgb ---> I

So, if I---> C, meaning, if I is a sufficient condition for C, then we will have an inference cgb ---> I ---> C: cgb ---> C. That's contradictory to the premise. Thus, A would definitly kills the possiblity that I ---> C.

Or you can use the Negation test:

Neagtion of A would be: complex, goal-oriented behavior dose NOT require intelligence, which means intelligence is not a necessary condition for cgb either, just like consciousness. Thus, there is no clear inference. The possibility that I ---> C exsits (COULD BE TRUE). The conclusion says "establishing that nonhuman animals are intelligent will not (CANNOT BE TURE) establish
that they have consciousness." Negation of A kills the conclusion, thus is the correct answer.

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