Psychological research indicates that college hockey and football players are more quickly moved to hostility and aggression than are college athletes in noncontact sports such as swimming. But the researchers' conclusion-that contact sports encourage and teach participants to be hostile and aggressive-is untenable. The football and hockey players were probably more hostile and aggressive to start with than the swimmers.
Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the psychological researchers?
A. The football and hockey players became more hostile and aggressive during the season and remained so during the off-season, whereas there was no increase in aggressiveness among the swimmers.
B. The football and hockey players, but not the swimmers, were aware at the start of the experiment that they were being tested for aggressiveness.
C. The same psychological research indicated that the football and hockey players had a great respect for cooperation and team play, whereas the swimmers were most concerned with excelling as individual competitors.
D. The research studies were designed to include no college athletes who participated in both contact and noncontact sports.
E. Throughout the United States, more incidents of fan violence occur at baseball games than occur at hockey or football games.
选A
题目问的是哪个选项能支持"The football and hockey players were probably more hostile and aggressive to start with than the swimmers."
我在做这题时在A和C中犹豫,后觉得A与结论的表述一致,而C有可能削弱原结论(football players更注重团队合作与more hostile恰恰相反),
故选A.
B:是否知道实验的目的与结论无关.(即使说扯得上关系,如"知道实验目的后,参加实验的人的行为无法表现他们的真实意图",也扯得太远,搁一边).
D:是否包括college athletes不重要,因为只要结论是正确的,那么它应当在其他人群(group)中也成立.
E:针对fans而非player,无关
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