ChaseDream

标题: 请教大全659题(og 3) [打印本页]

作者: fdkbaby    时间: 2003-11-28 20:05
标题: 请教大全659题(og 3)
659.    Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.
(A) acting as sentinels and to sound
(B) acting as sentinels and sounding
(C) to act as sentinels and sound
(D) to act as sentinels and to sound
(E) to act as a sentinel sounding

参考答案B。

我对这句句子的理解是认为defending the entrance 和 scouting outside并列,是such as 列举的内容。而act...和sound...是类似伴随状语的成分,修饰主语residents在take on the duty of defending the entrance时的状态。

但是不知道是不是我的理解错误,感觉og的解释是defending, acting, sounding和scouting一起并列,都是列举的内容。并且用的是A,B and C, and D的形式。是这样吗?

望各位解惑!
作者: gemj    时间: 2003-11-28 20:14
是A,B and C, and D的形式。
不能理解为“act...和sound...是类似伴随状语的成分,修饰主语residents在take on the duty of defending the entrance时的状态”,因为如果这样修饰的话,acting as sentinels and sounding的位置不能放在这里。

作者: fdkbaby    时间: 2003-11-28 20:52
为什么不能放在这里,是不是因为容易引起混淆,不知道是修饰entrance,还是主语residents?

另外,从句子的意思来看,象哨兵那样,并在敌人临近的时候发出声音,正是defending的内容啊。我怎么感觉这四个并列的内容有些混淆呢!
作者: dreadpower    时间: 2003-11-28 22:29
楼上的MM真够钻研的,汗~~~~

      我的看法是:A,B,and C的结构,你有看过A,(后面跟一个修饰部分),B,(后面再跟一个修饰部分),and C的用法吗???

      更何况,按照你的说法,这里的修饰部分acting as sentinels and sounding就算是修饰部分,也对A,B,and C的结构造成了歧义。
作者: fdkbaby    时间: 2003-11-29 02:47
糊涂了。

我的意思是,A,同位成分(解释A),and B。

我觉得原题举了两个不同duty的例子。一个是保卫入口(defending entrance),另一个是到洞外侦察食物和栖息所;一个主内,一个主外。同时而它又解释了保卫入口是怎样的呢?就是象哨兵那样行动和在敌人临近的时候发出声音。

但是如果把这四项并列的话,就是有四种duty,分别是保卫入口、象哨兵那样行动、在敌人临近的时候发出声音和外出侦察食物和栖息所。我感觉这样的四个duty似乎有些overlap。
作者: fdkbaby    时间: 2003-11-29 22:25
大家怎么想啊?
作者: gemj    时间: 2003-11-29 22:41
首先根据OG的解释,ETS的意思确切无疑地是这样的:
{defending the entrance}, {[acting as sentinels] and [sounding a warning at the approach of danger]}, and {scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites}

[acting as sentinels] 之所以与[sounding a warning at the approach of danger]}并列再与其他的二个并列,是因为这二者之间有着太强的关系,变成四个成份并列不合适。

如果把这二个并列的成份理解为defending的状语,好象太牵强吧,因为defending本身就是状语,再来个状语来修饰它呀?

如果把它理解为修饰主动词take on the duty of,是不是应该把{[acting as sentinels] and [sounding a warning at the approach of danger]}, 放在句子末尾或放在动词的后面?


[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-29 23:18:22编辑过]

作者: chiafulee    时间: 2003-12-18 17:11
I'm also confuse about this Q
but I have problems not only second part of this paralleism but also the third part
I have try to dissect the sentence as following:

(1) about the second part of this parallelism

(a)such as defending the entrance

(such as acting as sentinels)
(such as acting as sounding a warning .......)

such as scouting .....

or  

(b)such as defending the entrance

(such as acting as sentinels)
(such as sounding a warning .......)

such as scouting .....
______________________________________________________________________
which one is correct...?????(a) or (b)
But if I could correct the sentence outside the answer choices from Office Guide, I prefer following:
..........such as sentinels that sound a warning............
---->such as sentinels sounding a warning..........

(2) about the third part of this parallelism

two situations
(a) such as scouting outside the cave for new food
     such as scouting outside the cave for roosting sites

(b)such as scouting outside the cave for new food
    such as roosting sites

______________________________________________________________________
which one is correct...?????(a) or (b)


according to the explanation from OG

such as   defending   the entrance(A)
such as   acting    as sentinels(B) and  sounding a warning at the approach of danger(C)
such as   scouting   outside the cave for new food (D)   and   roosting sites(E)

therefore I think the structure for this question is
such as (A), (B) and (C), (D) and (E)
and (B) and (C) must parallel (D) and (E)

so in my opinion if my previous explanation is true, the correct structure might be  (1)(a) and (2)(a)


作者: gemj    时间: 2003-12-23 00:11
我认为(1)(b) and (2)(a)对。
(b)such as defending the entrance

(such as acting as sentinels)
(such as sounding a warning .......)


(a) such as scouting outside the cave for new food
     such as scouting outside the cave for roosting sites
作者: egretxm    时间: 2004-6-5 03:34

我认为gemj 说得没错.

楼主的问题在于: defend the entrance = act as sentinel and sound a warning,  

我的解释--------  保卫出口: 就是在出口保卫.   而哨兵有很多种, 有的在城门口, 有的在城墙上, 还有的在广大的疆土边境上,  不一样的了.

1a+2a的那个,

(a)such as defending the entrance

(such as acting as sentinels)
(such as acting as sounding a warning .......)

such as scouting .....

这要求sentinel 和sounding 并列, 显然不行, 前一个是名词,后一个是强调动作的ing形式.


作者: flywood    时间: 2004-6-24 21:32
这道题为什么在第二个并列平行结构中还有一个AND,我觉得有点歧义啊. defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites. 中间的两个结构先并列在和前后并列,它们的形式不就不对应了,不是违反平行的最基本要求吗?望NN解答.

作者: 我笨,我努力    时间: 2004-6-24 22:59

659. Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.
(A) acting as sentinels and to sound
(B) acting as sentinels and sounding
(C) to act as sentinels and sound
(D) to act as sentinels and to sound
(E) to act as a sentinel sounding

我认为结构是 such as A ,(同位语作为解释), andB

A-defending the entrance and B-scouting outside the cave 都是名词词性,作为duty的例子

同位语-acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger


作者: flywood    时间: 2004-6-27 10:56

可是在OG的解释中我觉得是所他们四个平行啊,而不是同位语的结构,大家觉得呢?


作者: bon    时间: 2004-6-27 11:08
以下是引用我笨,我努力在2004-6-24 22:59:00的发言:

659. Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.
(A) acting as sentinels and to sound
(B) acting as sentinels and sounding
(C) to act as sentinels and sound
(D) to act as sentinels and to sound
(E) to act as a sentinel sounding

我认为结构是 such as A ,(同位语作为解释), andB


A-defending the entrance and B-scouting outside the cave 都是名词词性,作为duty的例子


同位语-acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at the approach of danger



我觉得你说的对
作者: rt316    时间: 2004-6-27 11:10
以下是引用flywood在2004-6-27 10:56:00的发言:

可是在OG的解释中我觉得是所他们四个平行啊,而不是同位语的结构,大家觉得呢?



OG解释的最后一句说得清楚:the parallelism required among and within the three main verb phrases. acting和sounding是一个概念的两个范畴,可以理解为:作为巡逻兵,也就是监听危险的警报。
作者: bon    时间: 2004-6-27 11:51

翻了og

Because the verb phrases used to describe the bats’ duties are governed by the phrase different duties such as, they should each be expressed in the present participial (or “-ing”) form to parallel defending and scouting. ,这么说来acting as sentinels and sounding和这两者还是平行结构,也就是并列的,不是同位语


作者: flywood    时间: 2004-6-27 22:47

有点明白了,其实是三个平行1、defending the entrance   2、acting as sentinels and  sounding a warning at the approach of danger,     3、scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.然后acting as sentinels and  sounding a warning at the approach of danger是一个概念的两个范畴,所有又用了and连接起来,我的理解对吗?先谢谢楼上几位NN了,这么好心,一定心想事成。


作者: bettyamen    时间: 2004-9-3 11:48
good, this is my problem too. Today I think of that for a long time
作者: xiawudong    时间: 2004-10-11 08:11
og在解释的最后一句话说:parallelism required among and within the three main verb phrase.作者认为是三个并列的动词短语。从题目中可以看出:defending the entrance, acting ..and sounding ..at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for ..这系列的动作发生在三个地方或时刻(红色标识部分)。如果这样理解的话,我还能够接受og的说法。
作者: 心晴    时间: 2004-10-13 08:42
以下是引用flywood在2004-6-27 22:47:00的发言:

有点明白了,其实是三个平行1、defending the entrance   2、acting as sentinels and  sounding a warning at the approach of danger,     3、scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.然后acting as sentinels and  sounding a warning at the approach of danger是一个概念的两个范畴,所有又用了and连接起来,我的理解对吗?先谢谢楼上几位NN了,这么好心,一定心想事成。



同意这个,是因为第二个是2个动作,所以这两个词的平行,是比3个动作的平行低一个级别的,就是不同级别的平行。
作者: sally81    时间: 2004-10-17 12:59
同意楼上所同意的!!看了整个讨论过程,虽然时间上历时一年半之久,但是却很有代表性,茅塞顿开!!
作者: xionghuixh    时间: 2004-10-30 05:56
g
作者: 锦鲤    时间: 2004-11-30 01:10

谢谢大家,终于懂了


作者: yvrv    时间: 2004-11-30 13:21
ets的解释大家是理解了,但是,为什么我们会有错误呢?

有人理解是状语,做修饰用,符合语法规则吗?

有人理解是同位语,通常同位语用来说明名词, 如是其他,符合习惯用法吗?





作者: tqbiao    时间: 2005-1-5 17:56

看了大家的发言,也说说自己的感觉 !

句子最后说到,and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.
其实给了我们一个提示,也就是所谓的不同层次的并列,同样acting as sentinels and sounding也是一个概念,而且

og提到three main verb phrases也证实了这个观点,第一个层次是三个动作,第二个层次又有两个并列,

哈哈 我倒是没有仔细想具体的动作怎样并列 ,楼上有几位对于动作的分析还是蛮有意思的!


作者: 小女公子    时间: 2005-4-15 21:49
以下是引用gemj在2003-11-28 20:14:00的发言:
是A,B and C, and D的形式。
不能理解为“act...和sound...是类似伴随状语的成分,修饰主语residents在take on the duty of defending the entrance时的状态”,因为如果这样修饰的话,acting as sentinels and sounding的位置不能放在这里。

B C之间的and难道不罗嗦吗???困惑中……

A B C and D难道不是更好?

还是说B and C作为一个整体和A D平行,可是从原文又看不出来…………


作者: 蓝夕叶子    时间: 2005-4-17 21:25

to 小女公子,正如后面大家讨论的说法。我认为,是一个层次的问题。B C的动作是对defending的补充,而真正和A并列的是D。

看一下OG的解释:Because the verb phrases used to describe the bats' duties are governed by the phrase different duties such as, they should each be expressed in the present participial (or "-ing") form to parallel defending and scouting.

提到了A和D的并列,但是并没有说是B,C的并列。所以我认为,楼主认为B,C是一个类似伴随状语成分的看法是正确的。


作者: Selina2005    时间: 2005-5-17 12:55
标题: 我认为17、19、20和25楼的理解是正确的

本贴的讨论焦点是在A, B and C, and D的结构里面,“B and C”是作为A的同位语,还是作为A和C的并列。


我认为应该是并列。


这需要仔细分析原文的意思,区分出“B and C”所描述的duty和A所描述的duty其实是两个不同的duty;而楼主正是因为把这两个不同的duty理解成为了同一个duty,才认为后者是对前者进行解释说明的同位语。


因此这个句子里面存在三个duty的并列(AB and CD)。而同时第二个duty的描述里面又存在两个动词组成的第二层次的并列(B和C的并列)。


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-17 12:55:48编辑过]

作者: w2lsw    时间: 2005-7-20 17:15
我同意楼上的看法,我认为这样最好理解
作者: maralyn    时间: 2005-8-8 16:38

可否看成such as defending the entrance和 scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites并列然后 to act as sentinels and to sound 做目的状语解释 such as defending the entrance,选D呢?


作者: swlfx    时间: 2005-8-12 10:17

呵呵,感觉不行,还是赞同三个大并列+一个小并列比较好。


如果觉得其他的更好,那么也要想着ETS是大,我们是小,还是顺着ETS的好。


作者: z520m    时间: 2005-8-12 11:04

楼上的说得对啊!再说了,根据英语语法的基本原则,并列最重要,还是应该尽量满足大并列。个人体会。


作者: aithleen    时间: 2005-9-3 10:58
终于搞懂了,三大平行,中间acting由and连接的和sounding平行,这样就通顺多了
作者: 水蓝27    时间: 2005-9-8 12:07
我的理解:实际上ETS要表达的意思是defending the entrance,sounding a warning...,and scouting outside, as sentinels是用来修饰sounding...的,如果表达为sounding a warning...as sentinels会产生歧义,只有sentinels才能sounding...,所以ETS把as sentinels提前了,sounding...从属于sentinels的act,不知道说清楚了没?请大家指正
作者: msrs    时间: 2005-9-25 00:57

其实这道题大家要注意修饰的对象是residents


后面的限制修饰是为了表明不同的分工,所以用三个并列部分来表明分工:


such as defending ... ,  acting ... and sounding ... ,  and scouting


用such as 来说明三种分工,其中acting... and sounding...都是一种分工的两种行为,所以中间用and 连接


作者: vedder    时间: 2005-10-11 12:25

怎么看都是b,c修饰a


a,b and c ,and ,d  为3个并列的话违反平行


唉,看来做ets的题目不可以倔强啊


作者: lyle    时间: 2005-11-16 14:13

我觉得,不管是四个同级平行:A, B and C, and D. 都是ing形式;还是三个大平行,再一个小平行:A, B, and D 平行都是ing形式,然后C再和B平行,还是ing形式,表现出来都是一样的。即使逻辑意思不同,也不至于差之毫厘,谬之千里。


为什么还要非辩明语法成分呢?只不过是个手段而已。我觉得对应试没什么价值。


可能我有点不求甚解。


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-11-16 14:18:32编辑过]

作者: fuhaowei    时间: 2005-11-17 17:31
标题: 随便烁烁

其实ETS最后一句话里面隐含了对该平行结构的说明


.........and observes the parrallelism required among and within the three main verb phrases.


among,three说的是main verb phrase


within 说的其实就是中间那个and结构-----与main verb phrase 对应的 sub verb phrase(个人定义)


学习了前人的经验,提一点小的看法.


作者: moonphone    时间: 2005-12-3 20:46

gemj果然是大牛啊,以开始两帖压倒后面所有帖,佩服啊!



作者: hitlzc    时间: 2005-12-5 10:24
以下是引用moonphone在2005-12-3 20:46:00的发言:

gemj果然是大牛啊,以开始两帖压倒后面所有帖,佩服啊!




nod!
作者: jamiw75    时间: 2006-1-14 18:59
以下是引用gemj在2003-11-29 22:41:00的发言:
首先根据OG的解释,ETS的意思确切无疑地是这样的:
{defending the entrance}, {[acting as sentinels] and [sounding a warning at the approach of danger]}, and {scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites}

[acting as sentinels] 之所以与[sounding a warning at the approach of danger]}并列再与其他的二个并列,是因为这二者之间有着太强的关系,变成四个成份并列不合适。

如果把这二个并列的成份理解为defending的状语,好象太牵强吧,因为defending本身就是状语,再来个状语来修饰它呀?

如果把它理解为修饰主动词take on the duty of,是不是应该把{[acting as sentinels] and [sounding a warning at the approach of danger]}, 放在句子末尾或放在动词的后面?




feel like :


defend the entrance is to protect /guard the entrance and not let enemy in and if possible, fight for it.( fighters,maybe young active honeybees)


{[acting as sentinels] and [sounding a warning at the approach of danger]},  more about warning,(sentinels,maybe old experienced honeybees)


like she worked as a driver and drove the bus between city A and B.


drove the bus between city A and B is something more about "worked as a driver", actually implements "worked as a driver", . and is actually together. so I agree with {[acting as sentinels] and [sounding a warning at the approach of danger]},   together is B,


so it is A(fighters),B (sentinels), and C(scouters).



[此贴子已经被作者于2006-1-14 19:06:48编辑过]

作者: sunnysmell    时间: 2006-4-14 10:51
Finally, I understood it. Thanks all!
作者: duran2sarah    时间: 2006-11-18 18:40

{defending the entrance}, {acting as sentinels to sound a warning at the approach of danger}, and {scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites}
这样说(绿色部分)是不是也对阿?


作者: waitinfall    时间: 2007-6-3 01:46

个人认为,A, B and C, and D里面,是(A),(B+C),(D)这样并列,而不是B+C是A的伴随状语

A和B+C在意思上的区别,应该可以类比于足球的守门员和后卫。

个人意见。

这道题让人很受益匪浅,本以为是道很简单的动词形式并列,没想到含义这么丰富。OG真是博大精深阿。


作者: miaomiao_622    时间: 2007-7-31 15:25
以下是引用xiawudong在2004-10-11 8:11:00的发言:
og在解释的最后一句话说:parallelism required among and within the three main verb phrase.作者认为是三个并列的动词短语。从题目中可以看出:defending the entrance, acting ..and sounding ..at the approach of danger, and scouting outside the cave for ..这系列的动作发生在三个地方或时刻(红色标识部分)。如果这样理解的话,我还能够接受og的说法。

同意! 大并列里小并列,而判断小并列,这里主要是从句意来理解区分的.


作者: elinaqu    时间: 2007-8-6 00:06

我可以理解大并列里小并列的说法,因为我也选了B,但想问如果A改为acting as sentinels to sound 那对吗?请NN帮忙解答,谢谢


作者: Gujarati1984    时间: 2008-9-7 22:06
以下是引用elinaqu在2007-8-6 0:06:00的发言:

我可以理解大并列里小并列的说法,因为我也选了B,但想问如果A改为acting as sentinels to sound 那对吗?请NN帮忙解答,谢谢

不对。OG里有说(尽管不是针对to sound说的,但是我觉得作用是一样的) the omission of and distorts the meaning of the original. 改错还是要忠实原来想表达的意思。
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-9-7 22:08:04编辑过]

作者: jessie0317    时间: 2008-9-8 20:12
以下是引用flywood在2004-6-27 22:47:00的发言:

有点明白了,其实是三个平行1、defending the entrance   2、acting as sentinels and  sounding a warning at the approach of danger,     3、scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites.然后acting as sentinels and  sounding a warning at the approach of danger是一个概念的两个范畴,所有又用了and连接起来,我的理解对吗?先谢谢楼上几位NN了,这么好心,一定心想事成。

就看到这得了,不然更糊涂了、、、


作者: songlovegt    时间: 2009-1-17 07:40
叹语法真是事无定式,得灵活掌握啊

作者: niuroumian    时间: 2009-4-10 23:14

第一天做语法,第一题就是这个,紫色的书。就难住了。

以前选的是B, 不过今天仔细一想,不会这么简单吧,动词的并列,考试时看都不要看就是B啦,不会这么简单吧,于是仔细分析了一下,越分析越感觉不对,于是选了D,结果错了,看解释不明白上来搜到了这个帖子。 楼主的问题正是我一直在想的问题,呵呵,只不过,我5年后才认识到........

我的思维是这样的,such as 肯定是举例,后面并列,这没有问题,划线前面是such as defending the entrance, 划线之后是and scouting outside the cave for new food and roosting sites, 正好是一个守卫大门,重在守卫门内的安全,另一个在outside the cave,侦查洞外的安全,这两个并列,而划线部分acting as sentinels and sounding a warning at the approach of danger 感觉上正好是讲怎么样degend the entrance  的,怎么样保卫门内的安全呢?

扮作守卫,发出警戒声~, 如果这样理解(伴随状语,或者同位语)就不好选B了,B 是明显4个并列(大家后来都认为 acting and sounding 是一个句子),如果是4个并列 不可能 A,B,AND C,AND D 这样的,AND 用法不对,所以选了D.

呵呵,看了以上的解释,自己能接受B,只不过感觉自己的思维和ETS 还是相差好多~ 谁能保证下一题会怎么样?谁能保证下一次见到Doing A and doing B 是一个句子做单数还是两个动词做复数呢,呵呵~

慢慢来吧,思维


作者: Skyllis    时间: 2009-4-12 11:12

看了各位nn的帖子。大体归纳三种思路:

A:defending,acting and sounding,scouting 这三个并列

B:defending,sounding,scouting 并列,acting修饰defending

C:defending,scouting并列,acting and sounding修饰defending

根据gemj牛牛的理解,因为defending本来就是状语,所以BC错

根据蓝夕叶子牛牛的理解,acting and sounding是对defending的补充。

若从句意理解:哨兵应defending entrance,并且sounding approach of danger warning,acting and sounding应为对defending的补充。

并且entrance也与outside the cave对应。符合蓝夕叶子牛牛的观点

OG解释为:acting and sounding should parallel to defending and scouting;

 observes the parallel­ism required among and within the three main verb phrases. 仔细体会among and within the three main verb phrases 。解释为三个动词短语平行。若为2个平行,among应改为between,所以 ETS的思路与gemj牛牛相同。

所以大家还是按照ETS思路理解吧~~~

如有不对请指正!!!

 


作者: hxc19890912    时间: 2011-9-6 21:32
看了各位牛人的热心贴很是感动
作者: ducky90    时间: 2012-1-1 08:43
这个帖子太经典了...时隔八年依旧解答了我的疑惑...感谢各位NN
作者: lemonsong    时间: 2013-1-6 16:58
看得很欢乐




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