OG11-104 黄皮书请教答案C同样有修饰歧义？ - ChaseDream

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,
merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.

(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors

(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors

(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them
apart, as is done in nuclear reactors

(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

造成修饰歧义！在其他题目中这种修饰被OG判错吧？这个答案也不是最好？

请NN解答，何时分词可不就近修饰，而可以跳跃修饰？先谢谢了！

我刚才误选了B,原因就是只注意到了形式对，没有注意到the basis of comparison is unclear.

C比较清楚地给出了比较结构，其实是Nuclear fusion(is the force that) powers the sun,..., as nuclear reactors do.

修饰语在这一题里用来第一步其实不太好判断，毕竟可以自圆其说修饰谁。

我的理解：核聚变是一种…….力量，合并原子核而不是分裂它们，就像核反应堆的作用一样。

是否因为前面是完整的一句话：

Nuclear fusion
is the force
that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,

因此merging 不会就近修饰 bombs，而是修饰前面的主句主语
Nuclear fusion .

nuclear reactors 是与Nuclear fusion 对比的，后面的 do 指的是 merge
这种作用，在这点上两个比较对象具有相同点，因此后面只要补出助动词即可。如不省略，全句应该是：

Nuclear fusion
is the force that……，merging ….., as nuclear reactors merge….

以下是引用罗马青年在2007-8-26 1:52:00的发言：

刚才想了半天，自我分析如下：

我的理解：核聚变是一种…….力量，合并原子核而不是分裂它们，就像核反应堆的作用一样。

是否因为前面是完整的一句话：

Nuclear fusion
is the force
that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,

因此merging 不会就近修饰 bombs，而是修饰前面的主句主语
Nuclear fusion .

Nuclear fusion
is the force that……，merging ….., as nuclear reactors merge….

Nuclear fusion is the force that
powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,
merging the nuclei of atoms rather than
splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do.

我的理解是这样的: as nuclear reactors do. 这个do指得是power这个动作，而merging ..rather than splitting是对power这个动作的补充说明，作方式状语.

如果按照你上面的分析，do指代merge,会有两个问题，1. verb形式不对称，merge以分词形式出现；2. 如果真得指代merge, do指代仍有问题，merging...rather than splitting，指代不明

这句话分析一下结构 A (is the force that )do sth, doing1 and doing2, as B do., 主要加了一个判断句A be the force在里面使得结构不太清晰，完全可以把is the force that去掉，结构就会明显乐。

have a look at SC大全-81, 我原来问过的一题，其实和上面的结构很相似，

81.Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, similar to the way human beings breathe.
(A) similar to the way human beings breathe
(B) similarly to human beings who are breathing
(C) just like the breathing of human beings
(D) as human beings when breathing
(E) just as human beings do when they breathe 图片点击可在新窗口打开查看

Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it
continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just as human beings do when they breathe.

这题我还争了半天，我现在同意E也不错,(我问了一个老外，开始说E对，我郁闷了两天，好不容易接受了，又来了一封信说A,E都对，晕死。。不过目前我偏向E）

因为这里的do指前面的continue(to respire)这个动作, 我当时觉得do指代respire, as human beings respire when they breathe.啰嗦，我觉得这里我们大概犯了同一个小错误，我当时的错误理解是do指代了前面的respire，但是这里respire其实是不定式形式，而这种结构中do一定是指代主谓语动词(不是其他修饰成分的动词）的，as human beings continue to respire when they breathe还是make sense得，taking in oxgen and giving off carbon dioxide是对continues to respire的补充说明。

另外分词的修饰，你可以看看白勇书里对应的一章+菜鸟总结的定语从句与分词，

n.+doing	这种情况下现在分词做定语，修饰前面的名词，和所修饰的词是主谓关系。 1.当动作是瞬间发生的动作的时候，用现在分词表示一个多次性，重复性和客观性，没有明确的时间概念一直延续发生的状态。 2.当动作是一个持续发生的动作的时候，其他和定语从句的修饰作用一样。 3.这种情况下的分词指向离他最近的名词，不能跳跃修饰。和非限制定语从句一样，它修饰的是前面先行词可能的所有情况. 4.当涉及到完成时态时，ing分词短语必须转化为定语从句。就是说，当出现having done的分词短语，必须改为which have done的定语从句。
A. n.,doing… B. doing , n.+句子	A:1)一般这种情况是做主句的伴随状语，前一个分句是从整体上对后一个分句的宾语发生作用。(OG10-T39) 2）或者表示这个动作和主句的谓语动作同时发生 3）作定语修饰句子时，可以跳跃修饰前面句子的主语 B: 此时作状语，逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。	A.需要判断出前一个分句是从整体上对后一个分句的宾语发生作用。分词动作的逻辑主语就是前一个分句的整体。既不是前分句的主语也不是前分句的宾语，所以只可以使用伴随状语。干扰选项： 1、 which引导的非限制性定语从句：GMAT语法中不允许which指代前面的整个分句 2、不定式：不定式的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语 3、介词宾语结构：介词宾语结构不如不定式，如果不是固定搭配最好不要用。

罗马青年，关于跳跃的问题，你去看看我在OG11-102跟在你后面的回帖吧，然后看看以下连接

R妹，大全81那题，比较对象是行为，不是罐头水果跟人呀，注意逻辑意思的合理性哟。关于补出助动词的对应问题，你看看这个例子：

129.
In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell. and they are.

In choice C, the best answer, do is correctly used in place of the full verb do sell; in this verb, do is a conjugated form and sell is in the infinitive form, corresponding to its previous use in the sentence (in the phrase priced to sell). In choice A, the omitted word is selling; in B, D, and E, it is sold. Neither of these forms corresponds properly to to sell earlier in the sentence. Also, in E, the past perfect had been priced signifies that the wines had been priced to sell before the prices were cut.

两位同窗，OG11-45，不好在这里回帖，去到下面帖子去看看，给点见解出来

我觉得A是对，但是对于BCDE都没有自己可以理解的依据去判断它们错，最主要的困惑在于我认为这rather和instead在这几个选项里都是作为副词，不能理解OG说的（B、C、D）【rather/instead to come】does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically；还有（E）【instead coming】is ungrammatical

以下是引用文明在2007-8-26 10:59:00的发言：

天，一定是我真的说太多废话，老天让我的帖子丢了3回，晕

罗马青年，关于跳跃的问题，你去看看我在OG11-102跟在你后面的回帖吧，然后看看以下连接

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=109330&page=2

R妹，大全81那题，比较对象是行为，不是罐头水果跟人呀，注意逻辑意思的合理性哟。关于补出助动词的对应问题，你看看这个例子：

129.
In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell. and they are.

(A) have been priced to sell, and they are

(B) are priced to sell, and they have

(C) are priced to sell, and they do

(D) are being priced to sell, and have

(E) had been priced to sell, and they have

以上纯属偶之愚见，严重申请批评指正！

我一直都认为是呼吸方式比，现在还是这样坚持

我接受了E, 因为continue to respire可以表示一种连续的状态，后面的taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide是对这个持续性动作的修饰，as human beings do(continue to respire) when they breathe, 呼吸方式的对比，make sense. 这样想的话E没有错；

其实我更喜欢A, 我觉得A简洁，但是目前我还没有在题目中看到similar to the way..的用法，而A do sth, doing1 and doing2..., as B do. , 已经一种SC中的框架结构了，所以姑且放着，以后有新的想法再说。

以下是引用文明在2007-8-26 10:59:00的发言：

天，一定是我真的说太多废话，老天让我的帖子丢了3回，晕

罗马青年，关于跳跃的问题，你去看看我在OG11-102跟在你后面的回帖吧，然后看看以下连接

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=109330&page=2

R妹，大全81那题，比较对象是行为，不是罐头水果跟人呀，注意逻辑意思的合理性哟。关于补出助动词的对应问题，你看看这个例子：

129.
In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell. and they are.

(A) have been priced to sell, and they are

(B) are priced to sell, and they have

(C) are priced to sell, and they do

(D) are being priced to sell, and have

(E) had been priced to sell, and they have

In choice C, the best answer,
                        do is correctly used in place of the full verb do sell;
                    in this verb, do is a conjugated form and sell is in the infinitive form,
                    corresponding to its previous use in the sentence (in the phrase priced to sell). In choice A, the omitted word is selling; in B, D, and E, it is sold. Neither of these forms corresponds properly to
                            to sell earlier in the sentence. Also, in E, the past perfect had been priced signifies that the wines had been priced to sell before the prices were cut.

以上纯属偶之愚见，严重申请批评指正！

赞JJ，这一题是太好的例子，我早上刚好看到同一题OG11-yellow-81, 解释得没有这么详细。

这题考的是省略，省略的是(to) sell不定式，和A do, as B do/ as do B.的结构还不太一样，但是能从此题吸收到的营养是平衡对称的重要性。

补全省略they do sell their priced wines, 这里do的用法，类似于I do like you. 表示的强调，sell, like其实都是省略了to的动词不定式，省略的原则是因为重复所以省略，所以在上面的选项中只有C满足这个条件，A省略的selling, B,D,E-sold都不满足。

我觉得这题很好是因为它很好地解饰了动词简化(OG-11-104, 大全-81）和省略(OG-10-129)需要形式上的对等，特别在题目中有多个动词，多种动词形式的时候，把握这个原则就不会乱，同时也是个很好的解题点。

The release of nuclear energy can occur at the low end of the binding energy curve (see accompanying chart) through the fusion of two light nuclei into a heavier one. The energy radiated by stars, including the Sun, arises from such fusion reactions deep in their interiors. At the enormous pressure and at temperatures above 15 million ° C (27 million ° F) existing there, hydrogen nuclei combine according to equation and give rise to most of the energy released by the Sun.

（
Nuclear fusion 核聚变，源自天体内部发生的一系列反应产生的能量，1993年，普林斯顿大学制造了fusion reaction核聚变反应堆）

In 1993 scientists at the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, at Princeton
University’s plasma physics laboratory in New Jersey, produced a controlled fusion reaction, during which the temperature in the reactor surpassed three times that of the core of the sun. In a tokamak reactor, massive magnets confine hydrogen plasma under extremely high temperatures and pressures, forcing the hydrogen nuclei to fuse. When atomic nuclei are forced together in nuclear fusion, the reaction releases an extraordinary amount of energy.

power-generating device in which heat is derived from a controlled nuclear chain reaction.

Any of several devices in which a chain reaction is initiated and controlled, with the resulting heat typically used for power generation and the neutrons and fission products used for military, experimental, and medical purposes.

核反应堆：连锁反应被启动和控制的装置，产生的热量通常用于产生动力，中子和用于军事、实验和医疗目的核裂变产物

刚才找了些背景资料（见LS 12 楼），因为想彻底弄清楚 (C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors
do 中的 do 到底指的是两个比较对象间的哪个特征是类似的？

104. Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs,
merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.

(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors

(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors

(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them
apart, as is done in nuclear reactors

(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

从资料上看，Nuclear fusion 核聚变如题目中说的：Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs ，但nuclear reactor 核反应堆：连锁反应被启动和控制的装置，power-generating device ，这种科学家们发明的装置，是模拟天体内部氢核子在极高温度下发生的一系列反应的，因此有类似的特点，也即 merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart ，

LZ,我可能不能说服你，呵呵，以下只是我的一些想法，供你参考，

Nuclear fusion(A)is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors(B) do.

绿色部分整个是that clause作the force的定语，一般把A is A' 等同于A=A' --->（这里其实是修饰成分里的比较结构，且用be的等同作用，简化结构)

从句中的修饰成分先不管，再看从句主干，Nuclear fusion(A) powers the S, the S. and h b, as nuclear reactors(B) do.

-->A do sth, as B do结构，我不同意你说的do指merging, 原因同我4楼贴，形式不对等，成份不对等。

3. 从意思上理解，考场上也没有时间去仔细翻译句子，我只会粗略体会一下，一种force A-Nuclear fusion, 与另一种force B-nuclear reactor之间的比较。

4. Agreement: 严格意义上需要主谓保持一致；这里A, B是同类事物比，最重要的一点保证了。虽然B没有做到数上的一致，as a nuclear reactor does可能会更好一些，但是用了复数也不算错。

以下是引用文明在2007-8-26 11:25:00的发言：

两位同窗，OG11-45，不好在这里回帖，去到下面帖子去看看，给点见解出来

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=148994&page=2

B,D中to avoid改变了句子原意，逻辑上也有问题：动词不定式的动作发出者一般是主句主语

原句中economy是avoid动作的发出者，而B,D to avoid使得the gains成了avoid的动作发出者。

C: something eariler in the year many had feared, 试图作recession的同位语，但是这里修饰有问题，many had feared容易被误认为修饰year, so OG上解释eariler in the year should follow many had feared, rather than preceding it.(By the way, 我怎么觉得这里OG上有bug, rather than preceding it? 我们一般肯定会说Eariler in the year should follow many had feared rather than precede it., 不知道是不是，逗号的原因，成了伴随状态, 郁闷

)

E: 被动awkward; with it instead coming--> it 指代不明，instead coming也没有对应的动作可以instead.

目前水平有限，只能挖掘到这里，继续努力，这题应该还有不少宝可以挖

。