做这道题的时候,我几乎想都没想,(固有思维),只有E选项符合常理,侥幸!!!
E是从文章里推出来的 没有IF ,E是错误的
句1。METARITE 100年一次(UNEXPECTED)
句2。highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs 对 unexpected
circumstances是unpredictable.
问 highly automated nuclear-missile defense system controlled by a complex computer program 会怎么样
E 如果不是专门的事件,则后果It is not certain 。
解释: 少了IF这个限定 ,即意味有可能是UN-UNEXPECTABLE,则E的前半句并不能被100% 做断言(因为如设计时已经考虑。则后果是CERTAIN)
超级同意楼上的观点。
在OG中解释,让我困惑。首先它对正确答案的解释和楼上是一样的。但是对于A和C的解释就不懂了。
A: A cannot be inferred since it is consistent with the stated information that no meteorite explosion will occur within a century.
C:C cannot be inferred since it is consistent with the stated information that an appropriately designed nuclear defense system might be able to distinguish nuclear from meteorite explosions.
简直莫名其妙,哪里有什么consistent with还stated information,敢问题干中又说过吗?困惑.....
用楼上的逻辑看C,从appropriately可能可以联想到expected,这样就不会unpredicted。但是牵强吗?继续困惑......
请注意这个是推论题
A. Within a century after its construction, the system would react inappropriately and might accidentally start a
nuclear war. (不可预知)
B. The system would be destroyed if an explosion of a large meteorite occurred in the Earth’s atmosphere.(2者无必然联系)
C. It would be impossible for the system to distinguish the explosion of a large meteorite from the explosion of a
nuclear weapon.(这个文章没提到)
D. Whether the system would respond inappropriately to the explosion of a large meteorite would depend on
the location of the blast.(这个文章没提到)
E. It is not certain what the system’s response to the explosion of a large meteorite would be, if its designers
did not plan for such a contingency. The response of highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpected
circumstances is unpredictable. 可比性推出E正确!
我是这样理解的:
对于A选项,因为没有给出IF条件,即没有说unexpected这个条件,所以得出一个定向的结论是错误的。这个结论是不好的结果,即react inappropriately and might accidentally start a nuclear war.,但是其实我们是不知道结果的好坏的,因为unpredictable。
但是OG的解释我搞不懂,OG说A选项所述与题干中的“陨石爆炸不会在一个世纪内发生”相一致。不懂
难道OG的解释错了?或者我理解错了。从语法的角度,大家会经常把og的解释读错哦,再想想it的功用!!
很重要哦,因为他不是一个简单的代词,而是形式主语,真正主语是“choice A and C cannot be inffered"
i think it is not necessary to think about too much. Every raw material needed to choose a option is written within the range of the question.
1.How the system responds to the unexpected circumstances is unpridicable.
2. The big meteor explosion belongs to the unexpected circumstances.
So,....................................
The most importent is the question.
The question ask how highly automated nuclear-missiile defense system reponse to unexpected circumstances.
In the passage, highly automated systems reponse to unexpected circumstances are unexpected. Highly automated system include highly automated nuclear-missile defense system , So the highly automated nuclear-missile defense system has the same reponse as highly automated systems.
E is the best answer
我觉得系统对不可预知的时间的反应才是不可预测的,对应到E选项,如果设计者没有把陨石爆炸这个可能性编写到系统的程序里,那么爆炸对于系统来说就是不可预知的,系统的反应也就是uncertain
Meteorite explosions in the Earth’s atmosphere as large as the one that destroyed forests
in Siberia, with approximately the force of a twelve-megaton nuclear blast, occur about once a century.
The response of highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable.
E. It is not certain what the system’s response to the explosion of a large meteorite would be,
if its designers did not plan for such a contingency.
对于E的正确性我就不再质疑了,它的因果关系和题干对应得很整齐。 原来的疑惑同14、15楼,不能清楚理解对A、C选项的解释。再仔细阅读了几遍,觉得把AC解释里的形式主语用真正的主语替换掉可能更好理解,比如:
C cannot be inferred since an appropriately designed nuclear defense system might be able to distinguish nuclear from meteorite is consistent with the stated information。
所谓一致是OG解释已经把C取非后得到的结论和题干信息一致,从而否定了C 的正确性,而不是C选项里的内容和题干信息一致. 我觉得OG的解释有时候象电光火石一般,就象咱们用中文思维,有时候一不小心已经跨出去好几步了。所以还是得象很多大N们说的一样,必须训练咱们自己象ETS一样的思维啊。
理解得还不是很透彻,请批评指正。
补充一点,be consistent with 除了“与...一致”外,还有和“与...相容”“与...不矛盾”的意思。这里恐怕应该按照这层意思来理解更贴切些。 唉,语文功底差呀,唔唔唔...
同意耳朵同志的说法,由于A,C中的would和题干中的unpredictable不能吻合,所以,E中的not certain是最好的。但还是搞不懂ETS OG中对A,C的推理。狂郁闷中...........
对于E的正确性我就不再质疑了,它的因果关系和题干对应得很整齐。 原来的疑惑同14、15楼,不能清楚理解对A、C选项的解释。再仔细阅读了几遍,觉得把AC解释里的形式主语用真正的主语替换掉可能更好理解,比如:
C cannot be inferred since an appropriately designed nuclear defense system might be able to distinguish nuclear from meteorite is consistent with the stated information。
所谓一致是OG解释已经把C取非后得到的结论和题干信息一致,从而否定了C 的正确性,而不是C选项里的内容和题干信息一致. 我觉得OG的解释有时候象电光火石一般,就象咱们用中文思维,有时候一不小心已经跨出去好几步了。所以还是得象很多大N们说的一样,必须训练咱们自己象ETS一样的思维啊。
理解得还不是很透彻,请批评指正。
你的解释对C还可以接受,但是怎么用同样的方法来解释A哪?我觉得no meteorite explosion will occur within a century是不和题干的一致的。题干只是说这种爆炸每一百年发生一次,却无法推出上句话呀? 我总觉得每一百年发生一次和no meteorite explosion will occur within a century绝对不是一回事儿。欢迎拍转!
Meteorite explosions in the Earth’s atmosphere as large as the one that destroyed forests in
大家看我这样的理解对不对,
关于E选项为什么要加后面那一句是因为The response of highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpectedcircumstances is unpredictable.也就是说系统对于unexpected的事务是unpredictable的。如果没有加后面那一句,那么前半部分不能成立。
E. It is not certain what the system’s response to the explosion of a large meteorite would be, if its designers did not plan for such a contingency.
我一开始选的是A,现在知道E一定对。但是还是没最后清楚OG对A,C的解释
我覺得或許C的錯誤還可以考慮選項中的impossible這個強烈字眼,文中說The response of highly automated systems to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable,所以並非impossible去distinguish這兩件事情‧
C cannot be inferred since an appropriately designed nuclear defense system might be able to distinguish nuclear from meteorite is consistent with the stated information。
是不是说C项有反对前提之嫌?因为给出的material中说The highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs就是说这个高自动化系统不至于笨到连explosion of a large meteorite 和the explosion of a nuclear weapon都distinguish不出来,所以C才会解释道:an appropriately designed nuclear defense system might be able to distinguish nuclear from meteorite is consistent with the stated information。这仅仅是我的愚见,我多读几遍后感觉上就是这么回事~且impossible太过绝对化,不是一种严谨的表述方法(相对错误)
但是我对A的解释就完全不明白了题目中明明说了occur once a century 为什么A的解释又说no meteorite explosion will occur within a century呢?不是矛盾吗?
恳请大家批评指正!
首先E不是无条件成立的,将题干末句反一反,The response of highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpected
circumstances is "predictable".E就不成立了
对可得结论题,选项中如出现无关信息,则该选项错.所以A,C错
A.Within a century after its(the system's) construction如何如何,题干中未涉及,(注意:题干给出的每一百年如何如何,是针对爆炸,对系统可没有涉及到年限问题)所以A错
CThe system would be destroyed 系统在怎样条件下会被"毁坏",题干中未涉及.也属无关推测,所以C错.
还是不理解OG对于AC的解释?
哪位大侠可否赐教?
请牛牛帮忙回答一下。A,C 的解释。
Meteorite explosions in the Earth’s atmosphere as large as the one that destroyed forests
in Siberia, with approximately the force of a twelve-megaton nuclear blast, occur about once a century.
The response of highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable.
E. It is not certain what the system’s response to the explosion of a large meteorite would be,
if its designers did not plan for such a contingency.
对于E的正确性我就不再质疑了,它的因果关系和题干对应得很整齐。 原来的疑惑同14、15楼,不能清楚理解对A、C选项的解释。再仔细阅读了几遍,觉得把AC解释里的形式主语用真正的主语替换掉可能更好理解,比如:
C cannot be inferred since an appropriately designed nuclear defense system might be able to distinguish nuclear from meteorite is consistent with the stated information。
所谓一致是OG解释已经把C取非后得到的结论和题干信息一致,从而否定了C 的正确性,而不是C选项里的内容和题干信息一致. 我觉得OG的解释有时候象电光火石一般,就象咱们用中文思维,有时候一不小心已经跨出去好几步了。所以还是得象很多大N们说的一样,必须训练咱们自己象ETS一样的思维啊。
理解得还不是很透彻,请批评指正。
不是NN,试解:
OG对C的解释,可以参考Lifelover的;
OG对A的解释,"no meteorite explosion will occur within a century" 是对(A)中"Within a century"的取非;同时也等于文章已有信息"occur about once a century". 因为一个世纪发生一次,不就暗含了一个世纪“之内”是不发生的吗?!!
请NN们指正。
不是NN,试解:
OG对C的解释,可以参考Lifelover的;
OG对A的解释,"no meteorite explosion will occur within a century" 是对(A)中"Within a century"的取非;同时也等于文章已有信息"occur about once a century". 因为一个世纪发生一次,不就暗含了一个世纪“之内”是不发生的吗?!!
请NN们指正。
原文说大约100年发生一次爆炸,所以100年以内不发生的话与原文内容是相符的(或者说是不矛盾的)
Totally agree!
A and C has confused me for a while, now all clear.
thanks to everyone!
cheer!
我的看法:OG在这道题上的解释不是很好,这道题是一道标准的conclusion题,读题时,承认原文的信息即可。做题时,正确选项必须是从原文conclude出的,不能超出原文范围。原文:A:陨石爆炸的威力如何如何,B:complex computer programs 对于不可预期情况(circumstances)的反应是不可预知的。所以选项范围只能是:A,orB, orA交B。下面看选项,无关选项可以排除:A:start a nuclear war文章没提到,错。B:the system would be destroyed,文章也没提到,错,C:Iimpossible 2 distinguish the explosion of a large meteorite from the explosion of anuclear weapon 没提到,错,D 同理,E,就是文中B句话的同意转述,就对了阿。这里我觉得不存在自证不自证,因为是归纳题,文中说什么就得什么,老美的思维没那么复杂。
不是NN,试解:
OG对C的解释,可以参考Lifelover的;
OG对A的解释,"no meteorite explosion will occur within a century" 是对(A)中"Within a century"的取非;同时也等于文章已有信息"occur about once a century". 因为一个世纪发生一次,不就暗含了一个世纪“之内”是不发生的吗?!!
请NN们指正。
只能这样解释了,但是A选项是within a century after its constrcution, 而文中是说100发生一次。比如说上次发生爆炸是1850年,系统建成是1900年,那么在1950年就可能发生爆炸,而且是在系统建成的100年内。
做题时没问题,但是被A 。C的解释折腾半天,先这样理解吧。
这道题目og给出的A,C解释是:A,C 不能被推出,因为原文的信息说明了在一个世纪内不会发生陨星撞击,而且一个合理设计过的核防御系统能够分辨核战争和陨星撞击。后半句是题目信息2文字的推理,信息2说系统对于未知的环境反应是不可预见的,暗示了红字部分,对于预知的环境是可能做出预见反映的。
og用it is consisitent ...that的降调句式说明法对A,C的理由是A,系统对一世纪内发生的陨星撞击的错误反应并且引起核战与原文信息推理不符
C,系统不能辨别陨星撞击和核战爆发与原文信息推理也是不符的。
刚刚看到这题.这题的正确答案很明显,问题主要集中在OG对A和C的解释上.
我觉得OG的解释其实是如下:
(A).The conclusion (that A cannot be inferred) is consistent with the stated information (that no meteorite explosion will occur within a century).
其实是指(不能由题目推断出A)的这个结论和题中所陈述的信息符合.
换句话说, 根据题目中所给的这条信息, we cannot infer A.
也就是要推断出A, 题目还缺少必要的条件.
E. The conclusion (that C cannot be inferred) is consistent with the stated information (that properly designed nuclear defense system might be able to distinguish….)
OG解释的意思是(不能由题目推断出C)的这个结论和("properly designed nuclear defense sys. ......") 这个文中已给信息相吻合.
根据这个题中的已知信息,我们不能推断出C.
从语法的角度,大家会经常把og的解释读错哦,再想想it的功用!!
很重要哦,因为他不是一个简单的代词,而是形式主语,真正主语是“choice A and C cannot be inffered"
赞同, 代指的是"不能推论出A和C"的这个结论. 详见楼上.
这和OG 2 选项D的解释很像.
D fails to weaken the conclusion because it is consistent with the information given ...about the life expectency.
其实这句话是说: The conclusion (D fails to weaken the conclusion) is consistent with the given information (about...).
og这道题目对AC的解释简直看得让人心头火起。
phipe,赞一个,看了你的解释终于明白了
我的看法:OG在这道题上的解释不是很好,这道题是一道标准的conclusion题,读题时,承认原文的信息即可。做题时,正确选项必须是从原文conclude出的,不能超出原文范围。原文:A:陨石爆炸的威力如何如何,B:complex computer programs 对于不可预期情况(circumstances)的反应是不可预知的。所以选项范围只能是:A,orB, orA交B。下面看选项,无关选项可以排除:A:start a nuclear war文章没提到,错。B:the system would be destroyed,文章也没提到,错,C:Iimpossible 2 distinguish the explosion of a large meteorite from the explosion of anuclear weapon 没提到,错,D 同理,E,就是文中B句话的同意转述,就对了阿。这里我觉得不存在自证不自证,因为是归纳题,文中说什么就得什么,老美的思维没那么复杂。
感觉这种做题思路很合我的胃口。。
系统对偶发事件的反应是不可预测的,因为Meteorite explosions是偶发事件,所以不可预测
MUSTBETURE:这类题型就是说从给的论点得出的推论肯定是正确的。这到题目的题干说计算机对unexpected的事件的反应是unpredictable的,而后面给出了计算机控制核武器的例子,答案应该就是推论在unexpected的情况下,反应也是unpredicatable的。而meteorite已经说过是unexpected的事件,所以计算机的反应是(unpredicatable)not certain的
其他错误选项,都是无关的,比较容易混淆的是核武器,因为题干中有提到meteorite的破坏力和12百万吨的核武器一致。所以编造了几个和核武器有关的混淆选项
A前提是默认有爆炸和没有爆炸,题中只说了一种有爆炸的情况,没有说另一种。
C前提肯定了有爆炸,那么也有两种情况,正确和错误反应,文中也只说了一种。
至于解释中的意思是把选项中漏说的那部分可能情况拿出来说,这种情况也与文章相符啊,这种情况也可能会有啊,为什么选项没有考虑呢!
A选项题目中默认的前提是在系统建立的一个世纪内会发生爆炸,也就是说昨天爆炸,今天就把系统建好了,那么一定会在一个世纪内发生爆炸,而这种爆炸的结果会是系统对其作出正确和错误两种反应。但是如果今天爆炸,而且今天把系统建立好了,这两件事是发生在同一天,那么一个世纪内就会没有爆炸,那么就不会有任何反应。我觉得解释中只是举出与提干的反例,证明提干只说了一种情况,而落下了另一种情况。体会言外之意很重要。
我回头看C的解释的时候也遇到了理解困难。不过反复考虑之后,我觉得我们的CDer可能把鬼子的逻辑想的太复杂了。从这道题本身来说:The response of highly automated systems controlled by complex computer programs to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable.这本身已经告诉我们了这个system是可以识别such unexpected circumstances的。所以C的结论不能得出。
只是我的理解,向各位NN求证
刚刚好像有点理解了
因为题干说是reponse是unpredictable。所以可能能识别,可能识别不了
因此C太绝对了
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