[求助]GWD-31-Q30 - ChaseDream - Powered by Discuz!

The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

A: The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

B: It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

C: By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

D: To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

E: The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

answer:B my:A

首先我觉得主语从句除了遇到主语过长的情况，B的that之后主语长度和原句一样，如果不是特别必要，GMAT的感觉应该是避免将简单句变成主语从句这种复杂句。

project at price by the end of 有按照预计达到的意思，project本身这个词就有将来的含义，不用再用将来时来与by the end of呼应

at price 中的at有表示达到一个数字的含义

estimate和project 是不是可以互换不好说，但是不改变原句的动词应该最好

还是坚持A，大家给点意见？

A、C、E中industry’s cost 用法错误，D中the cost 做主语和To meet……不一致，所以选B

The

United States

petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations
is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade

A. The

United States

petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

B. It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the

United States

petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

C. By the end of the decade, the

United States

petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

D. To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the

United States

petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.

E. The

United States

petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.

我是这样理解的：to meet environmental regulations的是industry而不是cost，除了B选项其他都是这种逻辑错误，只有B是正确的。

所以美国能源业迎合规定的成本的最优表达是 cost of meeting environmental regulations to the United States petroleum industry。次优表达是 cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting envrionmental regulations

110.
It has been estimated that the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year.

(A) the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year

(B) the annual cost of illiteracy to the United States is at least $20 billion a year because of lost industrial output and tax revenues

(D) $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues is the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy

(E) lost industrial output and tax revenues cost the United States at least $20 billion a year because of illiteracy

In choices A, B, and D, the combined use of annual and a year is redundant. Choices A, D, and E are awkward and confused because other constructions intrude within the phrase cost... of illiteracy: for greatest clarity, cost should be followed immediately by a phrase (e.g., of illiteracy ) that identifies the nature of the cost. Choice E is particularly garbled in reversing cause and effect, saying that it is lost output and revenues rather than illiteracy that costs the United States over $20 billion a year. Choice B is wordy and awkward, and idiom requires in rather than because of to introduce a phrase identifying the constituents of the $20 billion loss. Concise, logically worded, and idiomatic, choice C is best.

而且 A C D E 中时间状语 by the end of the decade 都错误修饰了 estimated 或者 projected，都是典型的错误

关于 cost 的表达，从属关系用 to，属性关系用 of，
所以美国能源业迎合规定的成本的最优表达是 cost of meeting environmental regulations to the United States petroleum industry。次优表达是 cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting envrionmental regulations
关键是 to 和 of 的使用，可以参见大全以下例子
110.
It has been estimated that the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year.
(A) the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy in lost industrial output and tax revenues is at least $20 billion a year
(B) the annual cost of illiteracy to the United States is at least $20 billion a year because of lost industrial output and tax revenues
(C) illiteracy costs the United States at least $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues
(D) $20 billion a year in lost industrial output and tax revenues is the annual cost to the United States of illiteracy（C）
(E) lost industrial output and tax revenues cost the United States at least $20 billion a year because of illiteracy
In choices A, B, and D, the combined use of annual and a year is redundant. Choices A, D, and E are awkward and confused because other constructions intrude within the phrase cost... of illiteracy: for greatest clarity, cost should be followed immediately by a phrase (e.g., of illiteracy ) that identifies the nature of the cost. Choice E is particularly garbled in reversing cause and effect, saying that it is lost output and revenues rather than illiteracy that costs the United States over $20 billion a year. Choice B is wordy and awkward, and idiom requires in rather than because of to introduce a phrase identifying the constituents of the $20 billion loss. Concise, logically worded, and idiomatic, choice C is best.
而且 A C D E 中时间状语 by the end of the decade 都错误修饰了 estimated 或者 projected，都是典型的错误
因此，本题只能选 B
可恨，做题的时候怎么就没看出来……

-- by 会员 mars_cheung (2009/10/31 23:35:00)