In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative way to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.
比如这道题，答案是C。如果不考虑平行的因素，including可以么？
dangling不dangling要看逻辑主语了，逻辑主语不对的话才dangling.
贴道题目出来吧，这样不好讲
In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative way to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.
比如这道题，答案是C。如果不考虑平行的因素，including可以么？including当然可以了!请看：A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.如果把including换成which include也是没有问题的。GMAT考这样的题很多其实都是一个思路的。再看大全207 Charlotte Perkins Gilman, a late nineteenth-century feminist, called for urban apartment houses including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social facilities. (A) including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social facilities (B) that included child-care facilities, and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities (C) with child-care facilities included and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities (D) that included child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities（D） (E) to include child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities included
(A) including child-care facilities and clustered suburban houses including communal eating and social facilities
(B) that included child-care facilities, and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities
(C) with child-care facilities included and for clustered suburban houses to include communal eating and social facilities
(D) that included child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities（D）
(E) to include child-care facilities and for clustered suburban houses with communal eating and social facilities included
which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently正确!如果改成including reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently, and finding innovative way to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.也是对的
我觉得改了还是有问题的。这样就把including和using and finding并列了。。。
open to discuss..
which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently正确!如果改成including reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently, and finding innovative way to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.也是对的
我觉得改了还是有问题的。这样就把including和using and finding并列了。。。
open to discuss..
hmmm~~~
因为include本身也是一个动词，它也能拥有一个ing分词形式。
看着这个结构觉得别扭，可能我转不过弯来。
hmmm~~~
因为include本身也是一个动词，它也能拥有一个ing分词形式。
看着这个结构觉得别扭，可能我转不过弯来。
查了longman:
(1)include:not in progressive即不用进行时
(2)including:prep;used to introduce something or someone that is included in the larger group or amount you have just mentioned包括（用于表示某物或某人刚才谈及的整体的一部分）
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