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标题: 问几个GWD上的逻辑争议题！ [打印本页]

作者: cjyc1 时间: 2007-5-16 15:35
标题: 问几个GWD上的逻辑争议题！

That the application of new technology can increase the productivity of existing coal mines is demonstrated by the case of Tribnia’s coal industry. Coal output per miner in Tribnia is double what it was five years ago, even though no new mines have opened.

Which of the following can be properly concluded from the statement about coal output per miner in the passage?

If the number of miners working in Tribnian coal mines has remained constant in the past five years, Tribnia’s total coal production has doubled in that period of time.
Any individual Tribnian coal mine that achieved an increase in overall output in the past five years has also experienced an increase in output per miner.
If any new coal mines had opened in Tribnia in the past five years, then the increase in output per miner would have been even greater than it actually was.
If any individual Tribnian coal mine has not increased its output per miner in the past five years, then that mine’s overall output has declined or remained constant.
In Tribnia the cost of producing a given quantity of coal has declined over the past five years.

为什么答案是A，弄不懂！

The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

这题我觉得C也可以啊，可否帮我分析下！多谢！

Many people suffer an allergic reaction to certain sulfites, including those that are commonly added to wine as preservatives. However, since there are several wine makers who add sulfites to none of the wines they produce, people who would like to drink wine but are allergic to sulfites can drink wines produced by these wine makers without risking an allergic reaction to sulfites. Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. These wine makers have been able to duplicate the preservative effect produced by adding sulfites by means that do not involve adding any potentially allergenic substances to their wine.

B. Not all forms of sulfite are equally likely to produce the allergic reactions.

C. Wine is the only beverage to which sulfites are commonly added.

D. Apart from sulfites, there are no substances commonly present in wine that give rise to an allergic reaction.

E. Sulfites are not naturally present in the wines produced by these wine makers in amounts large enough to produce an allergic reaction in someone who drinks these wines.

大家能帮我解释下答案E为什么对吗？

Garnet and RenCo each provide health care for their employees. Garnet pays for both testing of its employees’ cholesterol levels and treatment of high cholesterol. This policy saves Garnet money, since high cholesterol left untreated for many years leads to conditions that require very expensive treatment. However, RenCo dose not have the same financial incentive to adopt such a policy, because ______.

A. early treatment of high cholesterol dose not entirely eliminate the possibility of a stroke later in life

B. the mass media regularly feature stories encouraging people to maintain diets that are low in cholesterol

C. RenCo has significantly more employees than Garnet has

D. RenCo’s employees are unlikely to have higher cholesterol levels than Garnet’s employees

E. the average length of time an employee stays with RenCo is less than it is with Garnet

这题的答案是E，可是，员工的得病怎么会和员工在单位所呆的平均时间有关呢？他可能在这个单位工作前就在其它单位呆过等等，感觉这个答案很有问题！

Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a credit-card logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many credit-card holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists’ interpretation of the studies?

The effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.
Patrons who are under financial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.
In virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.
In general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.
The percentage of restaurant bills paid with given brand of credit card increases when that credit card’s logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is prepared.

这题答案是B，大家可否帮忙解释下，我怎么想也没想通！多谢了阿！

Five years ago, as part of a plan to encourage citizens of Levaska to increase the amount of money they put into savings, Levaska’s government introduced special savings accounts in which up to $3,000 a year can be saved with no tax due on the interest unless money is withdrawn before the account holder reaches the age of sixty-five. Millions of dollars have accumulated in the special accounts, so the government’s plan is obviously working.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

A substantial number of Levaskans have withdrawn at least some of the money they had invested in the special accounts.
Workers in Levaska who already save money in long-term tax-free accounts that are offered through their workplace cannot take advantage of the special savings accounts introduced by the government.
The rate at which interest earned on money deposited in regular savings accounts is taxed depends on the income bracket of the account holder.
Many Levaskans who already had long-term savings have steadily been transferring those savings into the special accounts.
Many of the economists who now claim that the government’s plan has been successful criticized it when it was introduced.

这题有两个答案，又一套上是A，又一套上是D，不知道选哪个？大家给个分析吧，多谢！

An overwhelming proportion of the most productive employees at SaleCo’s regional offices work not eight hours a day, five days a week, as do other SaleCo employees, but rather ten hours a day, four days a week, with Friday off. Noting this phenomenon, SaleCo’s president plans to increase overall productivity by keeping the offices closed on Fridays and having all employees work the same schedule—ten hours a day, four days a week.

Which of the following, if true, provides the most reason to doubt that the president’s plan, if implemented, will achieve its stated purpose?

Typically, a SaleCo employee’s least productive hours in the workplace are the early afternoon hours.
None of the employees who work four days a week had volunteered to work that schedule, but all were assigned to it by their supervisors.
Working ten hours a day has allowed the most productive employees to work two hours alone each day in their respective offices relatively undisturbed by fellow employees.
Employees at SaleCo are compensated not on the basis of how many hours a week they work but on the basis of how productive they are during the hours they are at work.
Those SaleCo employees who have a four-day workweek do not take any of their office work to do at home on Fridays.

C答案怎么解释，如果不是这个答案，那是哪个答案？多谢！

Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also caused erosion and very quickly deforested whole regions.

A. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
B. Not only did the systematic clearing of forests in the United States create farmland (especially in the Northeast), which gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
C. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States, creating farmland (especially in the Northeast) and giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but also
D. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States created farmland (especially in the Northeast) and gave consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it also
E. The systematic clearing of forests in the United States not only created farmland (especially in the Northeast), giving consumers relatively inexpensive houses and furniture, but it

The quality of unrefined olive oil is not actually defined in terms of acidity, yet extensive tests have shown that the less free oleic acid an unrefined olive oil contains per liter, the higher its quality. The proportion of free oleic acid that an olive oil contains is an accurate measure of the oil’s acidity.
If the statements above are all true, which of the following conclusions is best supported by them?
A。When an olive oil is refined, the concentration of oleic acid in the oil is reduced.
B。The quality of an unrefined olive oil can be determined only by accurately measuring its acidity.
C。If an unrefined olive oil is intermediate in acidity between two other unrefined olive oils, it will also be intermediate between them in quality.
D。Free oleic acid is the only acid that unrefined olive oil contains.
E。People who judge the quality of unrefined olive oils actually judge those oils by their acidity, which the judges can taste.

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage. However, it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods. For example, irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain. Proponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking. However, this fact is either beside the point, since much irradiated food is eaten raw, or else misleading, since _______.

many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain from food’s having a longer shelf life
it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only effect that irradiation has
cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption, whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable foods
certain kinds of cooking are, in fact, even more destructive of vitamin B1 than carefully controlled irradiation is
for food that is both irradiated and cooked, the reduction of vitamin B1 associated with either process individually is compounded

这题也出现了两个答案，又选C的，也有选E的，大家可否给各分析，多谢!

Unprecedented industrial growth in the country of Remo has created serious environmental problems because factories there lack adequate pollution-control systems. Remo is developing a clean growth plan that includes environmental regulations that will require the installation of such systems. Since no companies in Remo currently produce pollution-control systems, the plan, if implemented, will create significant opportunities for foreign exporters to market pollution-control systems.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

The clean growth plan will provide tax incentives for local businesses to develop and manufacture pollution-control devices.
Foreign exporters would provide factory-trained technicians to maintain the pollution-control systems sold to Remo.
Industrial lobbyists sponsored by local businesses in Remo are trying to prevent the implementation of the government regulations.
The regulations that Remo plans to implement are much less strict than those in neighboring nations.
Pollution in Remo has caused serious health problems for workers, contributing to a significant increase in the number of workdays lost to illness.

Charcoal from a hearth site in Colorado, 2,000 miles south of Alaska, is known to be 11,200 years old. Researchers reasoned that, since glaciers prevented human migration south from the Alaska-Siberia land bridge between 18,000 and 11,000 years ago, humans must have come to the Americas more than 18,000 years ago.

Which of the following pieces of new evidence would cast doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

Using new radiocarbon dating techniques, it was determined that the charcoal from the Colorado site was at least 11,400 years old.
Another campsite was found in New Mexico with remains dated at 16,000 years old.
A computer simulation of glacial activity showed that it would already have been impossible for humans to travel south overland from Alaska 18,500 years ago.
Using new radiocarbon dating techniques, it was proved that an ice-free corridor allowed passage south from the Alaska-Siberia land bridge at least 11,400 years ago.
Studies of various other hunting-gathering populations showed convincingly that, once the glaciers allowed passage, humans could have migrated from Alaska to Colorado in about 20 years.

The Earth’s rivers constantly carry dissolved salts into its oceans. Clearly, therefore, by taking the resulting increase in salt levels in the oceans over the past hundred years and then determining how many centuries of such increases it would have taken the oceans to reach current salt levels from a hypothetical initial salt-free state, the maximum age of the Earth’s oceans can be accurately estimated.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

The quantities of dissolved salts deposited by rivers in the Earth’s oceans have not been unusually large during the past hundred years.
At any given time, all the Earth’s rivers have about the same salt levels.
There are salts that leach into the Earth’s oceans directly from the ocean floor.
There is no method superior to that based on salt levels for estimating the maximum age of the Earth’s oceans.
None of the salts carried into the Earth’s oceans by rivers are used up by biological activity in the oceans.

这题答案我觉得A也可以，E也有理由，大家可否帮忙分析下，多谢阿！

Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever occur irregularly in East Africa, several years apart. When outbreaks do occur, they kill thousands of cattle. A livestock vaccine against the disease exists but is rarely used. It is too expensive for farmers to use routinely, and since it is not effective until a month after vaccination, administering it after an outbreak begins helps very little. Nevertheless, experts predict that use of the vaccine will increase significantly within the next few years.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the experts’ prediction?

Rift Valley fever is spread by mosquitoes, but each outbreak is so widespread that it is impractical to control it by using insecticides.
When an outbreak of Rift Valley fever occurs, unaffected countries often refuse to import livestock from the countries affected by the outbreak.
It would take less than a month for producers of the vaccine to adjust their production operations to cope with a large increase in demand.
Many cattle farmers in East Africa are nomadic or live in remote villages, and such farmers, who have little access to modern veterinary medicine, are particularly hard hit by outbreaks of Rift Valley fever.
Recently published research has shown that certain identifiable climatic conditions are almost invariably followed, within two to five months, by an outbreak of Rift Valley fever.

题目有点多，是积累下来问得，希望大家有空的时候可以帮我看看，再次多谢大家了！

作者: cjyc1 时间: 2007-5-18 02:14

顶上去，大家帮忙看一下，多谢大牛啊!

作者: skyzhang 时间: 2007-5-18 09:59

1: 人均采煤量= 总采煤量/人数

人均double了，人数没有变，基本的数学知识可以推出总采煤量double。

2：这道题我觉得应该选E，不知道对不对。看完题干第一感觉应该是找办法说明这个笛子确实是可以吹出这种scale（不认识前面那个单词，呵呵），而不是凑巧就刚好制作成看起来像是可以吹出scale的样子。

C只能说明这个笛子确实是在这里制作的。并不能说明这个笛子真的是用于能吹出scale的。ms只有E可以说明这一点。

3：including those （sulfites）that are commonly added to wine as preservatives.

文章已经说得很明确，讨论的是人为的commonly added的添加物。

作者: zhaoyak7 时间: 2007-5-18 17:11
建议楼主把题号加上吧，那样别人找起来也方便

作者: gonghao 时间: 2007-5-18 17:16

太多了且没有题号

建议分开后，加上题号方便后人查询

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