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标题: 4－1－21 LSAT [打印本页]
作者: 番茄炒蛋 时间: 2003-11-15 10:48
标题: 4－1－21 LSAT
4－1－21
21. Whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. However, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.
If the voters' reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?
(A) Whenever one incumbent is responsible for one major political scandal and another incumbent is responsible for another, the consequences for the two incumbents should be the same.
(B) When a major political scandal is blamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment is more accurate than any judgment that incumbents from only on party are to blame.
(C) Incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal should not seek reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned to office.
(D) Major political scandals can practically always be blamed on incumbents, but whether those incumbents should be voted out of office depends on who their challengers are.
(E) When major political scandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than of the parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible must be penalized when possible.
答案是E，我的理解是在爆发丑闻的时候，政党应该是被惩罚的，而不是个人，所以在每次选举的时候寻求连任的人会很多，而且人数很稳定。但里面有一个问题我不是很清楚，when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties，这句话和选项有什么关系吗？
作者: cranberry 时间: 2003-11-15 13:06
当然有关，正是这句话说明，如果政党应当承担责任的话，那么这个政党的候选人都会被牵连而遭受失败。
作者: 番茄炒蛋 时间: 2003-11-15 22:03
如果会受牵连那么又怎么会有那么多人在寻求连任呢
E又怎么是对原文中那种现象得一个解释呢，不懂
作者: cranberry 时间: 2003-11-16 12:35
至于是否会被牵连,是选民的判断,是否竞选是另外一回事.
正是E说明如果选民认为是政党责任的话,这个政党的候选人才会失败,而无论这个候选人和丑文是否有直接关系.
作者: 番茄炒蛋 时间: 2003-11-16 16:46
文中没有提到丑闻何个人的关系啊，都是说和所有政党或是单个政党的关系，只是和所有政党有关那么对于个人的影像都一样，和单个政党有关，那么这个政党的候选人就要玩完。
而问题是如何解释the proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant而选项E提出了一个新的问题，即，丑闻与个人的关系及丑闻与政党的关系，还将二者做了一个比较，原文没有提的东西，怎么选项里可以乱发挥啊
还是不懂，麻烦再解释一下吧
作者: cranberry 时间: 2003-11-16 17:07
对准备竞选连任的人来说不是个人的问题么？如果选民归咎于一个党派，则这个党派所有的竞选连任的人都会受影响，这就是文中所说的when voters blame such a scandal on only one party的解释，即什么情况下一个党派而不是所有党派也不是个人被blame
作者: 番茄炒蛋 时间: 2003-11-17 00:07
还是没有理由啊，为什么这么多人会竞选连任呢而且比例会那么高
难道就是因为有政党被牵连进丑闻而必须被惩罚，这时什么逻辑啊？
谢谢cranberry先
作者: snow_mountain 时间: 2003-11-18 15:54
我也看不懂这道题。
上面明明讲的是，一个党派被谴责和所有党派被谴责的不同后果。然后又说参加连任竞选的人比例很高。
E怎么又提到个人与其党派之间的关系了？
作者: 番茄炒蛋 时间: 2003-11-22 00:56
大伙帮忙看看
作者: 番茄炒蛋 时间: 2003-11-23 10:41
来人帮帮忙嘛
作者: dorbear 时间: 2003-11-24 12:59
[face=Verdana]21. Whenever a major political scandal erupts before an election and voters blame the scandal on all parties about equally, virtually all incumbents, from whatever party, seeking reelection are returned to office. However, when voters blame such a scandal on only one party, incumbents from that party are likely to be defeated by challengers from other parties. The proportion of incumbents who seek reelection is high and remarkably constant from election to election.
If the voters' reactions are guided by a principle, which one of the following principles would best account for the contrast in reactions described above?
(A) Whenever one incumbent is responsible for one major political scandal and another incumbent is responsible for another, the consequences for the two incumbents should be the same.
(B) When a major political scandal is blamed on incumbents from all parties, that judgment is more accurate than any judgment that incumbents from only on party are to blame.
(C) Incumbents who are rightly blamed for a major political scandal should not seek reelection, but if they do, they should not be returned to office.
(D) Major political scandals can practically always be blamed on incumbents, but whether those incumbents should be voted out of office depends on who their challengers are.
(E) When major political scandals are less the responsibility of individual incumbents than of the parties to which they belong, whatever party was responsible must be penalized when possible.
The question stem asks for a principle that would account for voters' actions. The last sentence has nothing to do with voters' actions, so it is an essentially filler used to
create wrong answer choices. This is a tough one for many reasons, among them, (1) the credit one is at (E), (2) the priciple also serves as conclusion in the passage, needs an assumption which is not explicitly noted in the passage, and (3) as principle questions, some extent of imprecision is allowed and should be tolerated.
To paraphrase the stem, when voters blame a scandal equally on all parties, almost all incumbents win reelection. But when a scandal is blamed on a single party, incumbents from that party tend to lose. The assumption here is "it is not the incumbents who should be held responsible for the scandal."
(A): This deals with what should happen to individual incumbents who are responsible for scandals, but the stimulus just describes how voters treat parties or incumbents as members of their parties.
(B): This makes a judgment about the likely accuracy of the judgments of blame, but nothing of the kind is mentioned in the passage.
(C): This makes the mistake of concentrating on individuals, instead of parties. Moreover, (C) runs contrary to the passage. According to (C), in cases where all parties are blamed for a scandal, all incumbents should be turned out.
(D): The passage doesn't imply that voters evaluate the challengers. On the contrary, voters are depicted as making choices depending on how they believe about the incumbents' parties.
(E) is correct. According to (E) and the assumption noted at start of it, if Party X is responsible for a scandal, voters should try to punish Party X by voting out its incumbents; however, if all the parties are responsible, there's not much voters can do - whomever they vote for would be a member of one of the offending parties, so they might as well vote for the incumbents. Thus (E) accounts for the contrast in voter reactions.
Of course, even without the assumption at the beginning of (E), the principle stated here is still hold to account for the voters' actions.[/face]
[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-24 13:02:27编辑过]
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