我现在已经拿到offer了,Wharton保险学PHD,近期事情不多~~
我GMAT是很早就考了770+5.5,最满意逻辑,复习后期基本不错,
以前作研究比较忙,现在终于能闲一会了,愿意为大家解惑~~
我的解释不一定最好,尤其对比那些GMAT牛人来说,呵呵
流口水啊～～～
LZ对刚开始学逻辑的新手有什么建议吗？感觉现在很迷惑，根本入不了门啊，谢谢！
LZ,我想问问,只要一遇到boldface的题,我就会错.什么技巧么?
多谢指教~~~
LZ,我想问问,只要一遇到boldface的题,我就会错.有什么技巧么?
多谢指教~~~
lz麻烦你看看这道题吧
Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government ‘s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
Congs + Thanks
lz麻烦你看看这道题吧
Kernland imposes a high tariff on the export of unprocessed cashew nuts in order to ensure that the nuts are sold to domestic processing plants. If the tariff were lifted and unprocessed were sold at world market prices, more farmers could profit by growing cashews. However, since all the processing plants are in urban areas, removing the tariff would seriously hamper the government ‘s effort to reduce urban unemployment over the next five years.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
E?
我现在已经拿到offer了,Wharton保险学PHD,近期事情不多~~
我GMAT是很早就考了770+5.5,最满意逻辑,复习后期基本不错,
以前作研究比较忙,现在终于能闲一会了,愿意为大家解惑~~
我的解释不一定最好,尤其对比那些GMAT牛人来说,呵呵
恭喜，upenn是个好学校，enjoy yourself in Philly
Which of the following, if true, provides more support for the argument?
I donot understand why the key is A? My initial answer was C, but now I understand why C is not correct. How do you reason to sort A out?
Thanks.
bf题我觉得关键还是找文中一些逻辑要素,
首先是论点,其次是支持论点的直接理由,
寻找这两个逻辑要素都需要注意转折关系,
但不能根据转折关系武断下结论,还是要以论点为中心判断
其次要做的是以论点为树干,理由为树枝
画一个大致树状结构.
不要以为这一点会占用很多时间,因为直接理由一般不会多
其他非理由成分都不用管.
我当时是习惯这一方法了,用C表示结论,Pi表示理由，很快完成
相应bf部分可以到树状结构中找位置，一目了然
这种方法一定不要生搬硬套，
关键是想强调做句子作用题，明确逻辑结构的重要
楼主说的很抽象啊，要好好悟一下~~
逻辑备考方面的,相信版上已经讲得很详细,我就不班门弄斧了
其中费费的逻辑课一定要上,非常有启发性
需要补充的是,如果你现在时间足够的话,推荐你看一下:
理论篇:Bary,<critical thinking>
思维篇:赫赫有名的<柯尔特教程>
实例篇:<走出思维的陷阱>
一定要建立牢固对于argument的概念!
回复GWD-10-Q29：
回复GWD-10-Q29：
为何A会对conclusion"high success rate shows insufficient canvassing effort"产生支持?
这是一道与OG上"雷达探测器"类似的题,我把它归结为"百分比谬误"型,也就是:单纯的百分比不能说明任何问题,总体
百分比与局部百分比是有机联系的(可能说得比较抽象),OG上"雷达探测器"题是给了局部百分比,忽视了与总体百分比
的比较,而此题是仅仅给了总体百分比而忽视了具体的局部的百分比关系.
事实上,文中已经指明了局部的分类,即potential donors who had never gave before与ones who have donated in the past,所以
很自然的,两类的其中一个百分比关系即是解决"百分比谬误"的关键,A项即是表明前一类的百分比关系相等,总体上的高
百分比80%事实上完全归咎于后一类ones who have donated in the past,有效证明了insufficient canvassing effort.
Apologies, but as there was no answers with the GWD, are my choices all correct?
Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions if electronic switches. Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation. Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage. The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches.
For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics’ chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
On the whole, scientists do their most creative work before age forty, a tendency that has been taken to show that aging carries with it a loss of creative capacity. An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field. Supporting this explanation is the finding that ______.
B
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) is potentially fatal; consequently, patients with symptoms strongly suggesting appendicitis almost have their appendix removed. The appropriate surgery is low-risk but performed unnecessarily in about 20 percent of all cases. A newly developed internal scan for appendicitis is highly accurate, producing two misdiagnoses for every 98 correct diagnoses. Clearly, using this test, doctors can largely avoid unnecessary removals of the appendix without, however, performing any fewer necessary ones than before, since .
A. the patients who are correctly diagnosed with this test as not having appendicitis invariably have medical conditions that are much less serious than appendicitis
B. the misdiagnoses produced by this test are always instances of attributing appendicitis to someone who does not, in fact, have it
C. all of the patients who are diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis do, in fact, have appendicitis
D. every patient who is diagnosed with this test as having appendicitis has more than one of the symptoms generally associated with appendicitis
E. the only patients who are misdiagnosed using this test are patients who lack one or more of the symptoms that are generally associated with appendicitis
B
Mastitis is an infection of the udder in cows that, although not dangerous, causes them to give poor-quality milk. Most cases of mastitis are caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, against which antibiotics are ineffective. However, a related bacterium, Staphylococcus simulans, quickly clears up even severe infections of S. aureus simply by displacing the bacteria. S. simulans is nevertheless unlikely to become the preferred treatment for cases of mastitis, since .
A. certain dangerous bacteria that normally cannot take hold can do so in the presence of S. simulans.
B. the current resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics derives in part from a past pattern of overuse of those antibiotics
C. the milk from cows infected with S. aureus is generally not of such poor quality as to be entirely unusable
D. careful farming practice can reduce the incidence of mastitis to a minimum
E. the only symptom of mild cases of mastitis is the deterioration in the quality of the milk produced
A
Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best
Candidates to the job. The legislature’s move to raise the salary has
done nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupled with
a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements.
Pat: No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very few
judges teach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative
effect.
Pat’s response to Mel is inadequate in that it
A. attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members
of a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.
B. mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be an effect of that change
C. attempts to argue that a certain change will have a positive effect merely
by pointing to the absence of negative effects
D. simply denies Mel’s claim without putting forward any evidence in support
of that denial
E. assumes that changes that benefit the most able members of a group
necessarily benefit all members of that group.
A
Which of the following most logically completes the editorial below?
Editorial in Golbindian Newspaper: For almost three months, opposition parties
have been mounting daily street demonstrations in the capital in an effort to
pressure the ruling party into calling an election. Though the demonstrations
were well attended at first, attendance has declined steadily in recent weeks.
However, the decline in attendance does not indicate that popular support for
the opposition’s demands is dropping, since
A. the opposition’s demands have not changed during the period when the
street demonstrations have been mounted.
B. No foreign governments have expressed any support for the opposition’s
demands.
C. The state-controlled media have ceased any mention of the demonstrations,
leaving many citizens outside the capital with no way of knowing that
demonstrations continue.
D. There have not recently been any antigovernment demonstrations in cities
other than the capital.
E. A recent sharp decrease in unemployment has led to increased popular
support for the government.
C
Which of the following most logically completes the argument??
When people engage in activities that help others ,their brain releases endorphins,
the brain’s natural opiates, which induce in people a feeling of well-being. It has
been suggested that regular release of endorphins increases people’s longevity.
And a statistic on adults who regularly engage in volunteer work helping others
shows that they live longer, on average, than adults who do not volunteer. How-
ever, that statistic would be what we would expect even if volunteering does not
boost longevity, because .
A. in the communities studied, women were much more likely to do regular
volunteer work than men were, and women tend to live longer than men do.
B. the number of young adults who do regular volunteer work is on the increase
C. the feelings of well-being induced by endorphins can, at least for a time, mask
the symptoms of various conditions and diseases, provided the symptoms are
mild.
D. it is rare for a person to keep up a regular schedule of volunteer work through-
out his or her life.
E. Some people find that keeping a commitment to do regular volunteer work
becomes a source of stress in their lives.
C
Which of the following most logically completes the passage?
Concerned about financial well-being of its elderly citizens, the government of Runagia decided two years ago to increase by 20 percent the government-provided pension paid to all Runagians over 65. Inflation in the intervening period has been negligible, and the increase has been duly received by all eligible Runagians. Nevertheless, many of them are no better off financially than they were before the increase, in large part because ______.
A: They rely entirely on the government pension for their income
B: Runagian banks are so inefficient that it can take up to three weeks to cash a pension check
C: They buy goods whose prices tend to rise especially fast in times of inflation
D: The pension was increased when the number of elderly Runagians below the poverty level reached an all-time high
E: In Runagia children typically supplement the income of elderly parents, but only by enough to provide them with a comfortable living
E
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb’s high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.
A: histidine is found in all parts of the plant – roots, stem, leaves, and flowers
B: the herb’s high level of histidine production is found to be associated with an unusually low level of production of other amino acids
C: others of the closely related group of plants are also found to produce histidine in large quantities
D: cultivation of the herb in soil with high concentrations of the metals will, over an extended period, make the soil suitable for plants to which the metals are toxic
E: the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity
C
Which of the following, if true, provides evidence that most logically completes the argument below?
According to a widely held economic hypothesis, imposing strict environmental regulations reduces economic growth. This hypothesis is undermined by the fact that the states with the strictest environmental regulations also have the highest economic growth. This fact does not show that environmental regulations promote growth, however, since ______.
A major health insurance company in Lagolia pays for special procedures prescribed by physicians only if the procedure is first approved as “medically necessary” by a company-appointed review panel. The rule is intended to save the company the money it might otherwise spend on medically unnecessary procedures. The company has recently announced that in order to reduce its costs, it will abandon this rule.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the company’s decision?
A. Patients often register dissatisfaction with physicians who prescribe nothing for their ailments.
B. Physicians often prescribe special procedures that are helpful but not altogether necessary for the health of the patient.
C. The review process is expensive and practically always results in approval of the prescribed procedure.
D. The company’s review process does not interfere with the prerogative of physicians, in cases where more than one effective procedure is available, to select the one they personally prefer.
E. The number of members of the company-appointed review panel who review a given procedure depends on the cost of the procedure.
C
When trying to identify new technologies that promise to transform the marketplace, market researchers survey the managers of those companies that are developing new technologies. Such managers have an enormous stake in succeeding, so they invariably overstate the potential of their new technologies. Surprisingly, however, market researchers typically do not survey a new technology’s potential buyers, even though it is the buyers-not the producers-who will ultimately determine a technology’s commercial success.
Which of the following, if true, best accounts for the typical survey practices among market researchers?
D
In Kantovia, physicians’ income comes from insurance companies, which require
physicians to document their decisions in treating patients and to justify deviations
from the companies’ treatment guidelines. Ten years ago physicians were allowed
more discretion. Most physicians believe that the companies’ requirements now
prevent them from spending enough time with patients. Yet the average amount of
time a patient spends with a physician during an office visit has actually increased
somewhat over the last ten years.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy
between physicians’ perceptions and the change in the actual time spent?
A. Patients are more likely to be in a hurry nowadays and are less willing to
wait a long time to see their physician.
B. Physicians today typically have a wider range of options in diagnosis and
treatment to consider with the patient before prescribing.
C. Physicians are increasingly likely to work in group practices, sharing the
responsibility of night and weekend work.
D. Most patients would rather trust their physicians than their insurance
companies to make decisions about their treatment.
E. Since the insurance companies pay physicians a set amount for each
office visit, it is to physicians’ financial advantage to see as many
Patients as possible.
B
Consumers planning to buy recreational equipment tend to buy higher quality, more expensive equipment when the economy is strong than when it is weak. Hill and Dale is a business that sells high-quality, expensive camping and hiking equipment in Boravia. Although all the signs are that Boravia’s economy is now entering a period of sustained strength, the managers of the business do not expect a substantial increase in sales.
Which of the following, if true, would provide the strongest
justification for the managers’ judgment?
A. A significant proportion of Hill and Dale’s sales are made to
customers who enter the store in order to buy one particular
item but, once there, find other items to buy as well.
B. In Boravia when the economy is strong, those who might
otherwise go camping tend to take vacations overseas.
C. The economic upturn is likely to allow Boravia’s nati-
onal parks, where most of the camping and hiking is
done, to receive extra funding to improve their visitor facilities.
D. Advances in materials technology have led to the
development of hiking and camping equipment that
is more comfortable and lightweight than before.
E. Many people in Boravia not only are committed to
preserving the country’s wilderness areas but also
are interested in spending some time in them.
C
People who have spent a lot of time in contact with animals often develop animal-induced allergies, some of them quite serious. In a survey of current employees in major zoos, about 30 percent had animal-induced allergies. Based on this sample, experts conclude that among members of the general population who have spent a similarly large amount of time in close contact with animals, the percentage with animal-induced allergies is not 30 percent but substantially more.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for the experts’ conclusion?
A. A zoo employee who develops a serious animal-induced allergy is very likely to switch to some other occupation.
B. A zoo employee is more likely than a person in the general population to keep one or more animal pets at home
C. The percentage of the general population whose level of exposure to animals matches that of a zoo employee is quite small.
D. Exposure to domestic pets is, on the whole, less likely to cause animal-induced allergy than exposure to many of the animals kept in zoos.
E. Zoo employees seldom wear protective gear when they handle animals in their care.
A
In order to raise revenue, the federal government planned a tax amnesty program that allows tax delinquents to pay all owed tax without added financial penalty. However, economists projected that the federal government would collect a far lower percentage of total tax owed by delinquents than did state governments implementing similar programs.
Which of the following, if true, would most contribute to an explanation of the economists’ projections?
E
Background information: This year, each film submitted to the Barbizon Film Festival was submitted in one of ten categories. For each category, there was a panel that decided which submitted films to accept.
Fact 1: Within each category, the rate of acceptance for domestic films was the same as that for foreign films.
Fact 2: The overall rate of acceptance of domestic films was significantly higher than that of foreign films.
In light of the background information, which of the following, if true, can account for fact 1 and fact 2 both being true of the submissions to this year’s Barbizon Film Festival?
A. In each category, the selection panel was composed of filmmakers, and some selection panels included no foreign filmmakers.
B. Significantly more domestic films than foreign films were submitted to the festival.
C. In each of the past three years, the overall acceptance rate was higher for foreign than for domestic films, an outcome that had upset some domestic filmmakers.
D. The number of films to be selected in each category was predetermined, but in no category was it required that the acceptance rate of foreign films should equal that of domestic films.
E. Most foreign films, unlike most domestic films, were submitted in categories with high prestige, but with correspondingly low rates of acceptance.
E
In order to reduce the number of items damaged while in transit to customers, packaging consultants recommended that the TrueSave mail-order company increase the amount of packing material so as to fill any empty spaces in its cartons. Accordingly, TrueSave officials instructed the company’s packers to use more packing material than before, and the packers zealously acted on these instructions and used as much as they could. Nevertheless, customer reports of damaged items rose somewhat.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why acting on the consultants’ recommendation failed to achieve its goal?
B
It is crucially important to farmers that the herbicides they use to control weeds not (?) damage their crops. One very effective herbicide is safe for corn, but soybeans are damaged even by the herbicide’s residue, which remains in the soil more than a year after the herbicide is applied. Soybeans and corn are not sown together in the same filed; nevertheless, most farmers are reluctant to use the herbicide on their corn.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest justification for the farmers’ reluctance?
A: The residue of the herbicide in the soil a year after application is not enough to control most weeds effectively.
B: To maintain the nutrients in the soil, corn and soybeans are often planted in a field in alternate years.
C: The demand for soybeans is growing faster than is the demand for corn.
D: For maximum yield, soybean plants are grown closer together to each other than are corn plants.
E: The application of herbicides is less critical for soybean than for corn crops.
Ok.....few days later still no answer!!!
NVM you prob busy with helping others (i hope ^ ^)
Thanks for the offer, but i cant afford to wait any longer loh
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