og 10 78 讨论汇总里没有，请斑竹帮忙，多谢！ - ChaseDream

A group of children of various ages was read stories in which people caused harm, some of those people doing so intentionally, and some accidentally. When asked about appropriate punishments for those who had caused harm, the younger children, unlike the older ones, assigned punishments that did not vary according to whether the harm was done intentionally or accidentally. Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken the conclusion above?

(A) In interpreting these stories, the listeners had to draw on a relatively mature sense of human psychology in order to tell whether harm was produced intentionally or accidentally.

(D) The older children assigned punishment in a way that closely resembled the way adults had assigned punishment in a similar experiment.

(E) The younger children assigned punishments that varied according to the severity of the harm done by the agents in the stories.

Choice A, the best answer, indicates that younger children might be unable to tell whether the harm in the stories was produced intentionally. Thus, even if younger children do regard people’s intentions as relevant, they might be unable to apply this criterion here. Therefore, A undermines the conclusion’s support.

Choice B and E support the conclusion by suggesting that another factor-severity of harm-either possibly (choice B) or actually (choice E) motivated variations in the punishments assigned by younger children. Neither choice C nor choice D affects the conclusion. The conclusion concerns what children recognize about others’ behavior, not children’s own behavior (choice C). The similarity between older children’s and adult’s assignment (choice D) leaves open the question of why younger children’s assignments differed.

题干意思：有一个试验，对象是两类孩子，younger 和older，阅读内容有两种，有意得伤害和无意伤害。要求这两类孩子对造成伤害得人提出惩罚意见。结果younger 对有意伤害和无意伤害提出得惩罚意见基本上是一样得，而older则不然。整个题目得结论是：younger孩子不将伤害得主观企图（就是是否是有意得）和惩罚联系

本题要解决得问题是：孩子考虑伤害惩罚得“企图”无关性是错误得。

如果孩子不能分辩是否有“企图”，那么就可以得出上面得结论。如A

意思是younger孩子可能根本不知道伤害是有意还是无意。所以提出得惩罚意见没有区别

以下是引用anGrYcharlie在2007-3-15 14:55:00的发言：

WEAK

本题要解决得问题是：孩子考虑伤害惩罚得“企图”无关性是错误得。

如果孩子不能分辩是否有“企图”，那么就可以得出上面得结论。如A

A:实际上，必须较成熟得思维才能分清有意还是无意。

意思是younger孩子可能根本不知道伤害是有意还是无意。所以提出得惩罚意见没有区别

感谢anGrYcharlie 的回答，现在有点明白了，结论Younger children, then, do not regard people’s intentions as relevant to punishment.隐含的意思是younger children有辨别intentionally 和 accidentally的能力（因为根据结论younger children 认为intentions与punishment无关，这说明younger children有一个辨别和思考的过程）那么A说younger children根本没有这个能力（如A所述，younger children还必须通过引领才能分出harm was produced intentionally or accidentally）直接削弱了结论。