ChaseDream

标题: 请教大全748、849题：不定式 [打印本页]

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-5 22:36
标题: 请教大全748、849题：不定式
这两个题目是一个模子里出来的，为何选项及答案不一样？
748. The fear of rabies is well founded: few people are known to recover from the disease after the appearance of the clinical symptoms.
(A) few people are known to recover from the disease after the appearance of the clinical symptoms
(B) few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared
(C) there are few known people who have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared
(D) after the clinical symptoms appear, there are few known people who have recovered from the disease
(E) recovery from the disease is known for only a few people after the clinical symptoms appear

849. The Western world’s love affair with chocolate is well-documented: few people have been known to have tasted it for the first time without requesting more.
(A) few people have been known to have tasted it
(B) few having been known to taste it
(C) it has been tasted by few people
(D) few people have been known to taste it
(E) few people having tasted it
是否印证了我当初的设想：

可以是现在知道过去如何：
are known to have recovered

也可以是过去知道当时如何：
have been known to taste

但不可以是过去知道过去如何：
have been known to have tasted

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-6 14:56:49编辑过]

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-11-5 22:39
gemj,这两题的关键在于，不定式后的动作是否早于谓语动词，来判断是否用完成时。不用考虑其它任何因素。这题我也刚刚得到解决。

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-5 22:43
太好了，那你跟我说说你的思路？

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-11-5 23:44
gemj,我试试：

T748，are known / recover ，谁先？recover先，所以are known to have recovered

T849, have been known/ taste it ，谁先？know 先。

因为tasted it for the first time without requesting more.不知我讲明白了没有啊？

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-11-5 23:50
补充一点：

只有are known to have recovered / have been known to recover

not have been known to have recovered

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-6 00:18

以下是引用joywzy在2003-11-5 23:44:00的发言：
gemj,我试试：

T748，are known / recover ，谁先？recover先，所以are known to have recovered

T849, have been known/ taste it ，谁先？know 先。

按道理说不管是TASTE还是RECOVER都应该发生在KNOWN之前，因为没有发生的事情你怎么知道呢？

我的意思是说：其实这两个句子结构是一样的，说的事虽然不同，但语法上的内核是完全一样的，结果ETS给出了两套答案。我想问的是对于这种情形的描绘为什么两种用法都没有问题？

另外，通过这两套正确答案，ETS想表达的信息是什么？

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-6 01:00
下面是我设想的一个反例，各位高手不妨就此来讨论指教一下不定式的用法：何时用完成时，何时不用？
19. The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years after the wives of workers producing the chemical in Rensselaer, New York, were found to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was normal.
(A) to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was
(B) to have had children born with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of the pregnancies was
(C) either to have had children with heart defects or miscarriages, without any of their pregnancies being
(D) either to have had miscarriages or to have borne children with heart defects; none of the pregnancies was（D）
(E) either to have had miscarriages or children born with heart defects, without any of their pregnancies being

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-6 14:56:23编辑过]

作者: joywzy 时间: 2003-11-7 08:46
顶顶.我以为自己明白了,又被gemj问糊涂了.可能还是没大明白.

谢谢大家的帮助.

作者: dandan74 时间: 2003-11-7 15:47
我ye糊涂了, braveMBA, miejue,
come on!

作者: john1388 时间: 2003-11-8 09:54
Q: "to have tasted it for the first time without requesting more"

1. "for the first time" decides to ues "tast it" rather than " have tasted it"
2. " taste" does not mean a continuous act. " have tasted" is not accurate.

Pls read a similar sentence:
"to taste it in 1880 without requesting more"

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-8 11:14

以下是引用john1388在2003-11-8 9:54:00的发言：
Q: "to have tasted it for the first time without requesting more"

1. "for the first time" decides to ues "tast it" rather than " have tasted it"
2. " taste" does not mean a continuous act. " have tasted" is not accurate.

Pls read a similar sentence:
"to taste it in 1880 without requesting more"

很有道理！

作者: cxj 时间: 2003-11-8 12:33
gemj,

Are you sure the key of 849 is correct? is it possible the key is A?
Thanks a lot for your response

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-8 12:49

以下是引用cxj在2003-11-8 12:33:00的发言：
gemj,

Are you sure the key of 849 is correct? is it possible the key is A?
Thanks a lot for your response

是的，我又查了原始答案。的确是。

作者: solome 时间: 2003-11-8 17:17
试着说一说我的理解，请指教。

748是强调动作的延续性，句意是从有很多的人出现症状或者说患了病以后到现在还没有
好，所以使用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。

849的不定式的功能我觉得主要是陈述一个事实，因为taste和request 都是当时的动作，
没有延续性。另外have been known to have tasted it看起来好象很不爽的感觉：）

19的时态问题我觉得是那两个动作都是在found之前发生的，要不然found什么呢。

作者: cxj 时间: 2003-11-9 14:29
solome MM 的见解有道理!

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-9 16:39
再来一例：
325. Geologists believe that the Bering land bridge, over which human beings are thought to have first entered the Americans, disappeared about 14,000 years ago when massive glaciers melted and caused the sea level to rise several hundred feet worldwide.
(A) are thought to have first entered
(B) were thought first to enter
(C) were thought at first to enter
(D) are thought of as first entering
(E) were thought to first enter

作者: amigo 时间: 2003-11-10 05:45
补充一题：
Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning; furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother Samuel Johnson, the great writer and lexicographer, who was reported to have drunk twenty-five cups of tea at one sitting.
(A) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother
(B) however, caffeine did not seem to bother
(C) however, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(D) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(E) in addition, caffeine did not seem to bother

作者: remeo 时间: 2003-11-10 11:47

以下是引用gemj在2003-11-9 16:39:00的发言：
再来一例：
325. Geologists believe that the Bering land bridge, over which human beings are thought to have first entered the Americans, disappeared about 14,000 years ago when massive glaciers melted and caused the sea level to rise several hundred feet worldwide.
(A) are thought to have first entered
(B) were thought first to enter
(C) were thought at first to enter
(D) are thought of as first entering
(E) were thought to first enter

补充一题：
Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning; furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother Samuel Johnson, the great writer and lexicographer, who was reported to have drunk twenty-five cups of tea at one sitting.
(A) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother
(B) however, caffeine did not seem to bother
(C) however, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(D) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(E) in addition, caffeine did not seem to bother

请看这2个例子！
按照john1388的观点：
2. " taste" does not mean a continuous act. " have tasted" is not accurate.
同理，第一个例子中的enter显然也不是一个连续性动作，而第二个例子中的bother看起来更像一个持续性动作。
但是事实上第一题的答案是A，第二题是B，这就很让我confused了，似乎john的这个观点还不足以判断，请NN解释。

作者: solome 时间: 2003-11-10 15:06
很多东西深究下去好象很糊涂似的。中午和ggmsn上讨论了一中午这个不定式的问题，我
觉得好象明白但是仍然是似乎不能保证100%的正确率。

gemj说的325选A，因为首先are thought to是现在的人认为和前面的Geologists believe
相呼应，另外have entered表示一个已经完成的动作，并且强调结果所带来的后果。

amigo的那个是不是3啊，用完成体，因为那个句子是对比一种结果。

作者: amigo 时间: 2003-11-10 22:45
我这题答案说选B，真是搞不懂。

作者: dandan74 时间: 2003-11-11 16:29
我提几点，看看行不行：
1。降低时态的priority,先看其它的语法点和句子的意思。
2。首先要考虑这个动作是不是需要强调完成的结果，其次完成时表示在一个动作之前的动作，可以用和相关的动词比较来判断。

748题强调"已经“recover而不是recover这个动作，to recover不能和好的表示"已经”（主要判据），而且recover 在known之前。（辅助判据）
748. The fear of rabies is well founded: few people are known to recover from the disease after the appearance of the clinical symptoms.
(A) few people are known to recover from the disease after the appearance of the clinical symptoms
(B) few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared
(C) there are few known people who have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared
(D) after the clinical symptoms appear, there are few known people who have recovered from the disease
(E) recovery from the disease is known for only a few people after the clinical symptoms appear

taste再known之后，但是known已经是完成时，所以用have know不好，更重要的事和taste同时发生的request用了requesting 而不是having requested. （个人认为是致命错误）
849. The Western world’s love affair with chocolate is well-documented: few people have been known to have tasted it for the first time without requesting more.
(A) few people have been known to have tasted it
(B) few having been known to taste it
(C) it has been tasted by few people
(D) few people have been known to taste it
(E) few people having tasted it

19。明显强调“已经”，也就是born的结果（主要判据）。
19. The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years after the wives of workers producing the chemical in Rensselaer, New York, were found to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was normal.
(A) to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was
(B) to have had children born with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of the pregnancies was
(C) either to have had children with heart defects or miscarriages, without any of their pregnancies being
(D) either to have had miscarriages or to have borne children with heart defects; none of the pregnancies was（D）
(E) either to have had miscarriages or children born with heart defects, without any of their pregnancies being

再来一例：明显强调“已经”enter了，to enter表达了时间概念模糊
325. Geologists believe that the Bering land bridge, over which human beings are thought to have first entered the Americans, disappeared about 14,000 years ago when massive glaciers melted and caused the sea level to rise several hundred feet worldwide.
(A) are thought to have first entered
(B) were thought first to enter
(C) were thought at first to enter
(D) are thought of as first entering
(E) were thought to first enter

本来用have bother和bother都可以，但是was reported决定了只能用to bother.
Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning; furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother Samuel Johnson, the great writer and lexicographer, who was reported to have drunk twenty-five cups of tea at one sitting.
(A) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother
(B) however, caffeine did not seem to bother
(C) however, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(D) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to have bothered
(E) in addition, caffeine did not seem to bother

作者: gemj 时间: 2003-11-12 00:51
再来一个：
734. The domesticated camel, which some scholars date around the twelfth century B.C., was the key to the development of the spice trade in the ancient world.
(A) The domesticated camel, which some scholars date
(B) The domesticated camel, which some scholars having thought to occur
(C) Domesticating the camel, dated by some scholars at
(D) The domestication of the camel, thought by some scholars to have occurred
(E) The camel’s domestication, dated by some scholars to have been
ANSWER：D

作者: cappuccino 时间: 2003-11-12 11:43
1. GMAT 中, THINK, ALLEGE, KNOW ... 后面的动词不定式,常用HAVE DONE.
2. 上面的狂犬病的离子,用HAVE DONE 表示这个事实,延续到现在
3. ONCE + HAVE DONE, 表示持续的动作

作者: allaneli 时间: 2003-11-12 12:39
晕

作者: solome 时间: 2003-11-12 13:14
734的关键是不是平行对应呢，我是这样判断的，没有考虑不定式。
The domestication of the camel... was the key to ...

不定式被gemj问的越来越糊涂了，热烈期盼有人给出指导

作者: tianwan 时间: 2004-4-12 15:21

彻底晕倒！

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-4-12 15:33:21编辑过]

作者: freedownload 时间: 2004-4-27 02:59

大家是不是没有看见to前后都是完成式的例子？

作者: dashasha 时间: 2004-4-27 04:00
同晕，同晕，请牛牛们指导。到底有定论了没有？喜欢钻研的mariezhu mm呢？

作者: mariezhu 时间: 2004-4-27 11:51

还没有找到什么理论的依据，不过看了大家的讨论和提供的例子，我想其实刚开始的一位大牛所说的应该是正确的，以be found to do为例，（个人认为这个结构已经imply了do的内容发生在found之前，因为只有已经做了某事，才可能be found）可以是

have been found to do sth 个人觉得时态重心在have been found，弱化了do的发生时间，只强调do这一事件，已发现某某如何如何

be found to have done sth时态重心在后面的have done sth, 强调do已经发生，即发现某某已如何如何

但是不能是have been found to have done sth，这种形式表面上看似乎想搞清find和do的发生时间先后，但是其实毫无必要，而且实际上造成了更大的混淆，此外看起来也非常的awkward。

另外大家在考虑的时候肯定还要看看前后的未划线部分有没有提供选择的线索。实际上sc一个选项的错误往往是不唯一的，即使在不定式上迟疑不决，也往往可以通过其它的考点排除干扰项。

个人看法，共同探讨

作者: 入画 时间: 2006-4-12 22:27

感觉题目中有强调事件已完成的意味，就要用完成时：

The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years after the wives of workers producing the chemical in Rensselaer, New York, were found to have had miscarriages or to have borne children with heart defects

The fear of rabies is well founded: few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared

Geologists believe that the Bering land bridge, over which human beings are thought to have first entered

The domestication of the camel, thought by some scholars to have occurred around the twelfth century B.C., was the key to the development of the spice trade in the ancient world.

如果题目中的事件可以延续，一直发生都不会有逻辑错误，就直接用to do

The Western world’s love affair with chocolate is well-documented:few people have been known to taste it.

Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning;however, caffeine did not seem to bother.

作者: cccccc0 时间: 2006-11-8 18:33

作者: Pennylee 时间: 2006-11-28 13:39

分享文法书上的解释:

用完成不定词时,表示其动作发生的时间先于前描述的动词所表示的时间,含有时间先后的观念在里面

The fear of rabies is well founded: few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared.(被知道已经康复了;先康复;后被知道已经康复)

Geologists believe that the Bering land bridge, over which human beings are thought to have first entered . (被认为已经进入了;先进入;后被提出认为已经进入)

The domestication of the camel, thought by some scholars to have occurred around the twelfth century B.C., was the key to the development of the spice trade in the ancient world. (被认为已经发生了;先发生;后被提出认为是如此发生的)

The Western world’s love affair with chocolate is well-documented:few people have been known to taste it for the first time without requesting more.(在第一次尝时就已经被知道会在要更多, 没有时间先后的观念在句子中)

Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning;however, caffeine did not seem to bother. (当时咖啡因对他没有影响, 没有时间先后的观念在里面)

一点点浅见分享

作者: 花仙子 时间: 2007-1-1 18:31
up,楼上总结得真好！

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-1 18:41:58编辑过]

作者: impersom 时间: 2007-1-9 22:43

作者: hhjc 时间: 2007-8-28 15:50
云里来，雾里去也～～～

作者: ricee 时间: 2008-4-9 14:20

以下是引用joywzy在2003-11-5 22:39:00的发言：
gemj,这两题的关键在于，不定式后的动作是否早于谓语动词，来判断是否用完成时。不用考虑其它任何因素。这题我也刚刚得到解决。

前辈NN说的很有道理！这一类题思路就两步:

1. 不定式后的动作是否早于谓语动词判断是否用完成时，不用考虑谓语动词时态/肯定/否定及其他任何因素；

2. 谓语动词时态根据句子上下文判断

试了几题都适用。感谢前辈。

作者: dingxiang 时间: 2008-6-23 23:47

先顶再看

作者: alice1880505 时间: 2008-6-24 10:34

建议把大全的一些更改答案做一次发布，有不少题大家都挺疑惑的，比如第19题，我也觉得答案似乎没有选项好

以下是引用gemj在2003-11-8 12:49:00的发言：

以下是引用cxj在2003-11-8 12:33:00的发言：
gemj,

Are you sure the key of 849 is correct? is it possible the key is A?
Thanks a lot for your response

是的，我又查了原始答案。的确是。

作者: alice1880505 时间: 2008-6-24 11:12

赞楼主的分析，我觉得入门了：）

以下是引用Pennylee在2006-11-28 13:39:00的发言：

分享文法书上的解释:

用完成不定词时,表示其动作发生的时间先于前描述的动词所表示的时间,含有时间先后的观念在里面

The fear of rabies is well founded: few people are known to have recovered from the disease once the clinical symptoms have appeared.(被知道已经康复了;先康复;后被知道已经康复)

Geologists believe that the Bering land bridge, over which human beings are thought to have first entered . (被认为已经进入了;先进入;后被提出认为已经进入)

一点点浅见分享

作者: dingxiang 时间: 2008-6-24 11:20

其他都想明白了

想不明白为啥

1. Balzac drank more than fifty cups of coffee a day and died of caffeine poisoning; furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother Samuel Johnson, the great writer and lexicographer, who was reported to have drunk twenty-five cups of tea at one sitting.

(A) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to bother

(B) however, caffeine did not seem to bother

(D) furthermore, caffeine did not seem to have bothered（B）

(E) in addition, caffeine did not seem to bother

不是C那

作者: sane2008 时间: 2008-7-24 00:50

作者: XVVjing61 时间: 2008-8-5 07:36
kankan

作者: lichabrend 时间: 2008-8-13 14:39
up

作者: iamyamy 时间: 2009-5-21 01:09
32楼太好了看了就明白了啊

作者: 超超琪琪格 时间: 2010-8-15 06:14
pennylee分享的好！

作者: jbc88 时间: 2010-8-29 09:51
说到底，就是感觉动作的先后。。

唉。。感觉错了呢。。

作者: caoqin1981 时间: 2011-9-10 20:06
好贴，UP

欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/)