现在分词做修饰，什么时候是修饰前置名词，什么时候是表示伴随状态？
OG11-105 (B)
Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.
(A) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
(B) Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, having（OG认为修饰了pollutants） the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission
(C) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it,
(D) A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying it, (E) A technique that was originally developed for detecting air pollutants and has the ability to analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance quickly and without destroying the substance, called proton-induced X-ray emission,
(B) Placement of two long modifiers at the beginning of the sentence is awkward and makes it difficult to locate the subject, second modifier (having...) actually modifies the first modifier
OG11-24 (C)
For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
Choice C is best because the participle protecting begins a phrase that explains what the shields did.
难道protecting不是修饰equipment?
"名词of+名词,修饰语," 修饰语通常修饰"of "前面的名词.
如果现在分词做修饰修饰前置名词, 下一句(B)的解释就会是
being the only eyewitness -> letters。 那不正是正确答案?
256.
The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(A) The nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(B) To the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote two letters, being the only eyewitness accounts of the great eruption of Vesuvius.
(C) The only eyewitness account is in two letters by the nephew of Pliny the Elder writing to the historian Tacitus an account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.
(D) Writing the only eyewitness account, Pliny
the Elder's nephew accounted for the great eruption of Vesuvius in two letters to the historian Tacitus.
(E) In two letters to the historian Tacitus, the nephew of Pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.
In B, the verb phrase that begins being the only eyewitness accounts modifies the subject of the preceding clause, suggesting nonsensically that the nephew of Pliny the Elder himself was the eyewitness accounts.
这里OG说现在分词是修饰前面从句的主语(SUBJECT)。
????? open to discussion
据白勇语法：
-ing分词放在句尾：一表示状态，动作和功能（目的），其逻辑主语同主句主语。
二表示伴随结果，整个句子是原因，导致分词结果产生，无逻辑主语。可在前面加thus, therefore, in effect。OG里有这个考点常常是正确选项（错误选项常常用which引导从句，而which正好不能指代整个句子）
我觉得OG说having那个应该修饰第一个modifer指前面整个从句吧。总之它认为两个modifers不好。开始我也做错了。
另外同意：这里OG说现在分词是修饰前面从句的主语(SUBJECT)。
分词做状语, 修饰前面的句子或谓语动词,表伴随或结果:
The camera of the Voyager2 spacecarfee detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit the distant planet.
Scientists have suggested that once every 10 million years or so a truly colossal object from space cuts through the atmosphere and slams into Earth, sending up a global pall of dust that blots out the Sun, alters the climates, and changes the course of evolutaion by killing off many plant and animal species.
分词做定语:
By a vote of 9 to 0, the Supereme Court awarded the central Intelligence Agency broad discretionary powers enabling it to withhold from the public the identieies of its sources of intelligence information.
可以看作形容词时就是修饰前置名词，作状语的话，其功能之一就是表示伴随，个人感觉，好像如果能作状语的话，一般能用一个连词连接，比如作状语表条件就可在分词分句前加上一个if
不知道这样理解对不对，是不是大家看到了一些反例，请指教
可以看作形容词时就是修饰前置名词，作状语的话，其功能之一就是表示伴随，个人感觉，好像如果能作状语的话，一般能用一个连词连接，比如作状语表条件就可在分词分句前加上一个if
不知道这样理解对不对，是不是大家看到了一些反例，请指教
-ING分词分句可以作名词修饰语，主要作后置修饰语，这种-ING分词分句通常相当于一个关系分局
-ING分词分句还可以作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、行为方式和伴随状况等意义。表示原因和结果的时候，通常不带从属连词。
——章振邦 -ING分词分句一节
一般来说
有逗号，是状语
没逗号，应该是定语
读不懂意思的时候，就暂且这么肤浅的做，基本没错
【一般来说
有逗号，是状语
没逗号，应该是定语
读不懂意思的时候，就暂且这么肤浅的做，基本没错】
一般来说如没逗号，分词直接跟在前面一个名词的后面，分词做定语比较常见。
如有逗号隔开，有两种情况，一种是做状语，修饰前面整个的句子，或者做定语，修饰前面句子的主语，或者修饰逗号前的那个名词，具体修饰哪个要看情况。
过去分词的用法差不多。
比如main clause（Subject Verb Object），although V-ed，这时要注意这个V-ed可能修饰subject，也可能修饰object，所以可能是错误的，例子可参见OG11-9
9. Sunspots, vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun’s poles or equator.
(A) are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on
(B) are visible as dark spots that never have been sighted on the surface of the Sun
(C) appear on the surface of the Sun as dark spots although never sighted at
(D) appear as dark spots on the surface of the Sun, although never having been sighted at
(E) appear as dark spots on the Sun’s surface, which have never been sighted on
Logical predication + Parallelism
The correct parallel structure in the original sentence emphasizes the contrast between where sunspots are found (are visible... Sun) and where they are not (have never been sighted ... equator). Sunspots is the subject of the sentence, are is the verb of the first part of the contrast and have been sighted is the verb of the second. (The adjective visible is a complement and is parallel to the past participle sighted.) Both parts of the sentence conclude with phrases indicating location. The contrast itself is indicated by the conjunction but.
A Correct. This sentence clearly and correctly draws a contrast between where sunspots are found and where they are not.
B Changing the modifying clause so that that never ... Sun distorts the meaning of the sentence; the contrast is lost
C Although typically introduces a subordinate clause, which has a subject and a verb, but here there is no subject and sighted is not a complete verb
D Although usually introduces a subordinate clause, but there is no subject of the clause and having been sighted is not a complete verb phrase
E The relative pronoun which should immediately follow its referent; here which illogically follows surface, and its intended referent, either sunspots or dark spots, becomes unclear
For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti
nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential
items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy
arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
here, the protecting modify the animal shield, which is a noun, to explain the purpose. This is a 定语. Isn't it ?
| 欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.3 |