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标题: 欢迎sbbi,braveMBA等大牛参与讨论新JJ的语法现象 [打印本页]

作者: 天山 时间: 2003-11-4 09:24
标题: 欢迎sbbi,braveMBA等大牛参与讨论新JJ的语法现象
11月3日JJ : 好像是什么委员会admonish the Senator,saying he were... in that 这个senator干了什么不该干的事（my key,很不爽，五个选项say后都没that）
还有一选项admonish the Senator by saying he were...by doing 什么不该干的事

看来分词始终是考点！！我的问题如下：

In a leveraged buyout, investors borrow huge sums of money to buy companies, hoping to pay off the debt by using the company’s earnings and to profit richly by the later resale of the companies or their divisions.
(A) by using the company’s earnings and to profit
(E) with the companies’ earnings and to profit
正确答案为（E）, 但是（A）中的by using 用法错在哪里？前人曾在语法总结-修饰篇（上）有所提及，但是不能令人信服，而分词的这种用法在真题中屡见不鲜，如：
Since a rhinoceros that has no horn is worthless to poachers, the Wildlife Protection Committee plans to protect selected rhinoceroses from being killed by poachers by cutting off the rhinos’ horns.

In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected

Contrary to earlier conjectures, it may be that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount of solar energy  absorbed by snow.
请大家讨论讨论这个语法现象吧.

作者: Marrow 时间: 2003-11-4 09:39
company's versus companies',which is correct here?

作者: ballpark 时间: 2003-11-4 09:46
如果这个错误改正过来了，用by using.....对不对呢？

以下是引用Marrow在2003-11-4 9:39:00的发言：
company's versus companies',which is correct here?

作者: Marrow 时间: 2003-11-4 09:55
hoho,if so,a big dilemma.

作者: chipmunk 时间: 2003-11-4 10:10

以下是引用ballpark在2003-11-4 9:46:00的发言：
如果这个错误改正过来了，用by using.....对不对呢？

Marrow is right. It should be companies to be consistent. 如果这个错误改正过来了, the I don't know which one is better. I would suggest you not to spend much time on this issue, since ETS will never test you between 'by using' and 'with'.

作者: braveMBA 时间: 2003-11-4 10:14
我仍一个砖头：
从平行结构的角度看，E要优于A。因为未划线部分by the later resale of the companies or their divisions，明显是BY+NOUN的形式，而整个句子是：
TO DO STH BY/WITH... AND TO DO STH BY STH，所以从这个角度看，两个介词短语强调的是平行的结果（名词性），而不是动作性。

BY USING本身没有错误，看OG的解释，到处都是BY USING。

不知道这个理由是否可以足够选E，要是我就选E。

作者: 天山 时间: 2003-11-4 10:38
谢谢braveMBA的解释，那么如下这一题如何解释？
Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
(C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted.
(D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves.

正确答案为（c),但是(d)中的after exhausting 又错在哪里？

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-4 10:38:51编辑过]

作者: Marrow 时间: 2003-11-4 10:57
hoho,Alaska can "exhaust" its oil reserves?!?

作者: chipmunk 时间: 2003-11-4 11:04

以下是引用天山在2003-11-4 10:38:00的发言：
谢谢braveMBA的解释，那么如下这一题如何解释？
Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
(C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted.
(D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves.

正确答案为（c),但是(d)中的after exhausting 又错在哪里？

D is wrong because there is no clear subject to 'exhausting', it could be 'fund', 'state's economy' or something else. I always suggest to use simple rules to solve the problem, and not to spend too much time on details.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-4 10:38:51编辑过]

作者: braveMBA 时间: 2003-11-4 11:06
这个不是JJ吧。：）

D从句子的角度看，exhausting的主语更倾向于是 fund ，所以是不合理的。

作者: Marrow 时间: 2003-11-4 11:17
the comments above r right.tianshan,u shall take chipmunk's advice.

作者: 天山 时间: 2003-11-4 11:21
以上解释合情合理，但是将这一原则用到以下句子中：Contrary to earlier conjectures, it may be that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels would cool the globe by reducing the amount of solar energy absorbed by snow.
by rducing 中reducing的执行者岂不是globe了？这......

作者: sbbi 时间: 2003-11-4 11:24
1. by doing本身没错.但by using如果作为一个词组的话没有with合适.既by using < with.

2. investor use the company’s earnings to pay off the debt 本身不符合逻辑.

3. to do1 with sth1 and to do2 by sth2 更平行一些.

作者: 天山 时间: 2003-11-4 11:25
也许我成了惊弓之鸟了，被ETS搞怕了（上次就败在语法上了），所以现在我不得不去一点点地弄清楚任何语法点。

作者: 天山 时间: 2003-11-4 11:35

以下是引用sbbi在2003-11-4 11:24:00的发言：
1. by doing本身没错.但by using如果作为一个词组的话没有with合适.既by using < with.

2. investor use the company’s earnings to pay off the debt 本身不符合逻辑.

3. to do1 with sth1 and to do2 by sth2 更平行一些.

investor use the company’s earnings to pay off the debt 本身不符合逻辑？也许是我理解错了，我觉得earnings 的逻辑主语应该是inverstors.

作者: sbbi 时间: 2003-11-4 11:38
investor hopes (the company) to pay of the debt. so the company is the logical subject of using (if we have to use 'using')

作者: 天山 时间: 2003-11-4 11:47
Thanks , sbbi!

作者: john1388 时间: 2003-11-5 03:21
From sbbi: investor hopes (the company) to pay of the debt. so the company is the logical subject of using (if we have to use 'using')?

Disagree!

ls see the question:

In a leveraged buyout, investors borrow huge sums of money to buy companies, hoping to pay off the debt by using the company’s earnings and to profit richly by the later resale of the companies or their divisions.

The topic is: In a leveraged buyout, investors borrow money to buy companies, hoping to pay off (investors') debt by using the company’s earnings and to ( investors) profit richly by the later resale of the companies or their divisions.

作者: sbbi 时间: 2003-11-5 05:11
我觉得债主子不能用欠债人的收入还债.否则就成南霸天了
只有欠债人那自己的收入还去债

作者: john1388 时间: 2003-11-5 06:20
There is another clue: "In a leveraged buyout", it means borrowing less money then profiting from the sale.
Therefore, the "debts" means " investors borrow huge sums of money".

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