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标题: 帮忙区分一下选项，谢谢 [打印本页]

作者: 春天的花儿会开 时间: 2003-11-1 21:03
标题: 帮忙区分一下选项，谢谢
The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton county than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more is highest in Sommer county.
If the statements above are true, which of the following can properly be concluded on the basis of them?
B. Some households in Merton county have an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000
E. The percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 is higher in Sommer than in Merton county.
the key:E
帮忙区分一下这两个选项，为什么B不对？
In Kravonia, the average salary for jobs requiring a college degree has always been higher than the average salary for jobs that do not require a degree. Current enrollments in Kravonia’s colleges indicate that over the next four years the percentage of the Kravonian workforce with college degrees will increase dramatically. Therefore, the average salary for all workers in Kravonia is likely to increase over the next four years.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

C. The higher average salary for jobs requiring a college degree is not due largely to a scarcity among the Kravonian workforce of people with a college degree.
D. The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not increase over the next four years.
the key:C
这两个选项如何区分？D取非难道不是对于原文推理的他因削弱吗？（原文不是说with degree的人多了--〉工资高了，D取非不是再说without degree的人的工资高了吗？对不？请指正谢谢）

作者: 春天的花儿会开 时间: 2003-11-2 10:12
顶一下，这可是真题啊？没人理我

作者: dorbear 时间: 2003-11-2 12:00
[face=Verdana]抱歉迟到！
The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton county than in any other county. However, the percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more is highest in Sommer county.
If the statements above are true, which of the following can properly be concluded on the basis of them?
B. Some households in Merton county have an annual income between $40,000 and $60,000
E. The percentage of households with an annual income of $80,000 is higher in Sommer than in Merton county.
the key:E
帮忙区分一下这两个选项，为什么B不对？
-----------------------------------------------------------
这道题的答案就是B。
首先B的正确性在于：
The percentage of households with an annual income of more than $40,000 is higher in Merton county than in any other county. 说明存在大量年收超过40K的家庭；
the percentage of households with an annual income of $60,000 or more is highest in Sommer county.说明这些超过40k的家庭中只有较少的部分年收超过60K;
所以通过以上的判断至少我们可以推出年收在40-60k家庭的存在。

E的错误在于主观臆想了超过80K家庭的分布情况；因为我们无法排除Sommer county年收在60-80k之间的情况。[/face]

作者: dorbear 时间: 2003-11-2 12:24
[face=Verdana]In Kravonia, the average salary for jobs requiring a college degree has always been higher than the average salary for jobs that do not require a degree. Current enrollments in Kravonia’s colleges indicate that over the next four years the percentage of the Kravonian workforce with college degrees will increase dramatically. Therefore, the average salary for all workers in Kravonia is likely to increase over the next four years.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

C. The higher average salary for jobs requiring a college degree is not due largely to a scarcity among the Kravonian workforce of people with a college degree.
D. The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not increase over the next four years.
the key:C
这两个选项如何区分？D取非难道不是对于原文推理的他因削弱吗？（原文不是说with degree的人多了--〉工资高了，D取非不是再说without degree的人的工资高了吗？对不？请指正谢谢）
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答案的确就是C，好像这一点没有疑问。

问题在于D为什么不是答案。可以从两个方面考虑：
1、取反： jobs without degree will increase.对原文没有任何影响，况且我们不知道从事这种工作人数的增减，更加没法判断。因此不是假设。注意假设取反必须彻底否定原命题才可以，单纯削弱都不行。

2、直接看。假设形式中包括其他因素有两种：一种是它因不存在形成假设；另外一种就是其它因素配合型构成假设，注意此时的其他因素并不构成原命题的它因。此题中
job without degree 相对于原命题：jobs with degree increase => average salary increase 是其他因素，但是它是否增加对原来命题的成立没有任何影响，因此不构成假设。需要注意的是：如果把D中的increase换成decrease,即D变成：
The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not decrease over the next four years.

这时候你觉得它是不是假设？[/face]

作者: linlin315 时间: 2003-11-2 13:00
第一题同意dorbear哥哥的意见

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-11-2 13:00:58编辑过]

作者: 春天的花儿会开 时间: 2003-11-2 13:21
谢谢dorbear斑竹，精彩的很！谢谢

作者: dorbear 时间: 2003-11-2 13:27
[face=Verdana]You are welcome.

回答我自己提出的问题：
------------------------------
需要注意的是：如果把D中的increase换成decrease,即D变成：
The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not decrease over the next four years.

这时候你觉得它是不是假设？
-----------------------------

我的回答是，这时候　The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not decrease over the next four years.　对原命题不是假设，而只是一个加强。因为取非后对远命题只是一个削弱，没有否定。[/face]

作者: dandan74 时间: 2003-11-2 14:07
第一题可以从另外一个角度考虑，也就是说对B取反，一定会推翻原题的一个事实，从而产生矛盾，你可以试试。

作者: 春天的花儿会开 时间: 2003-11-2 15:04

以下是引用dandan74在2003-11-2 14:07:00的发言：
第一题可以从另外一个角度考虑，也就是说对B取反，一定会推翻原题的一个事实，从而产生矛盾，你可以试试。

dandan兄，我认为对于B取反就是有一些人的收入不在40000-60000之间，这个和原文是一致的，而不是推翻了原文的一个事实。所以我个人认为B选项只是可以从原文中推出，但是不可以作为原文的一个假设。您认为呢？谢谢

作者: 春天的花儿会开 时间: 2003-11-2 15:04
标题: 呵呵，非常同意

以下是引用dorbear在2003-11-2 13:27:00的发言：
[face=Verdana]You are welcome.

回答我自己提出的问题：
------------------------------
需要注意的是：如果把D中的increase换成decrease,即D变成：
The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not decrease over the next four years.

这时候你觉得它是不是假设？
-----------------------------

我的回答是，这时候　The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree will not decrease over the next four years.　对原命题不是假设，而只是一个加强。因为取非后对远命题只是一个削弱，没有否定。[/face]

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-11-2 20:34
第一题B显然错！随便举个反例，Merton市民都赚$40,000，既符合原文意思（肯定比率最高），又反对选项

我发现这招极端化思考对ETS很多题都非常管用

第2题，文章没说The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree ，不要做文章以外的推理，这个是无关项。白痴原则

作者: dreadpower 时间: 2003-11-2 20:35
第一题B显然错！随便举个反例，Merton市民都赚$40,000，既符合原文意思（肯定比率最高），又反对选项

我发现这招极端化思考对ETS很多题都非常管用

第2题，文章没说The average salary in Kravonia for jobs that do not require a college degree ，不要做文章以外的推理，这个是无关项。白痴原则

作者: dorbear 时间: 2003-11-3 00:28
[face=Verdana]第一题中的论据表达是 with an annual income of more than $40,000；因此不存在全部都是40k情况。[/face]

作者: dorbear 时间: 2003-11-3 00:32
[face=Verdana]dandan兄，我认为对于B取反就是有一些人的收入不在40000-60000之间，这个和原文是一致的，而不是推翻了原文的一个事实。所以我个人认为B选项只是可以从原文中推出，但是不可以作为原文的一个假设。您认为呢？谢谢
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春天的花儿会开，这里有非常严重的逻辑问题：Some 取反后一定要变成NONE,切记！[/face]

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