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标题: [原创]AA七宗罪的记忆方法：因、果、证 [打印本页]

作者: iceblaze 时间: 2006-11-7 22:04
标题: [原创] GMAT AA七宗罪的记忆方法：因、果、证
分析了两个晚上的AA，发现“七宗罪”确实是好东西，就是那些“罪”太多、而且过于零散，很难记忆。因此将七宗罪分类整理了一下，按照论证的原因、结果、论证过程三部分，归为三个类别：

因、果、证

1、因

就是原因上的问题，有以下三个：

可疑调查
样本不足
结论无据

2、果

就是结论上的问题，有以下两个：

无因果联系
二者择一

3、证

就是论证过程上的问题，有以下两个，纵向横向各一个：

错误类比（横向）
时地全等（纵向）

这样，只要记住了三字诀：因、果、证，就很容易记牢全部七宗罪了。

顺便分析一下本月JJ的一篇AA：

“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. // 无因果联系，可能另有他因。

The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. // 时地全等

Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.” // 结论无据

附：七宗罪

第一宗罪：无因果联系
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.

第二宗罪：样本不足 Insufficient-sample
The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.

第三宗罪：错误类比 (based on a false analogy )<横向>
The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....

第四宗罪：时地全等 all things are equal<纵向>
The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....

第五宗罪：二者择一 Either-Or choice
The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.

第六宗罪：可疑调查 survey is doubtful
The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the conclusion that...would be highly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.

第七宗罪：结论无据 gratuitous assumption
The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility

作者: shiancy 时间: 2006-11-8 09:49

不错，谢谢～～

作者: rainnyxl 时间: 2006-11-8 11:02

正在为如何将七宗罪和题库里面的题目对应起来发愁,侬的文章真是精炼啊.谢谢.

作者: yizhoujiang 时间: 2006-11-13 11:51
楼主的这三个精要的概括真的是太经典啦！

作者: uibewsj 时间: 2006-12-9 11:07
很有用，
很支持，
很感激~~~

作者: hellen_yncc 时间: 2006-12-19 22:00
很感谢

作者: charlenexue 时间: 2006-12-25 15:29
谢谢无私分享

作者: Ca418LN 时间: 2006-12-26 13:52
3Q!

作者: hanhardy 时间: 2007-1-5 07:12
善于总结的都是牛银阿

作者: seanysotime 时间: 2007-1-18 20:53

到时候把所有的题目都按这个模版写，会怎么样呢？

作者: kokomi 时间: 2007-3-8 18:01

请问因果倒置这个词怎么说？谢谢。

作者: jiaohushi 时间: 2007-4-11 09:18

非常感谢

作者: rio 时间: 2007-4-11 15:05

以下是引用kokomi在2007-3-8 18:01:00的发言：

请问因果倒置这个词怎么说？谢谢。

reverse(d) causal relationship

maybe...

you can just express by a sentence

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-4-11 15:05:16编辑过]

作者: fansofdiablo 时间: 2007-4-22 21:29
原来这就是传说中的七宗罪啊！

作者: Ilwms2004 时间: 2007-5-5 11:48

很精炼的总结，谢谢！

作者: qiyuxingyuan 时间: 2007-5-6 01:49

以下是引用Ilwms2004在2007-5-5 11:48:00的发言：

很精炼的总结，谢谢！

!!!

作者: 传真 时间: 2007-7-3 23:19

非常清楚的分析，谢谢

作者: 茆峁昴 时间: 2007-7-13 19:29

万分感激LZ~save my life!

作者: sysyy 时间: 2007-7-15 22:47

堪称经典，必顶帖

作者: JUJUCHENG 时间: 2007-7-24 10:24
赞

作者: ElleYu 时间: 2007-7-24 20:57
万分感谢LZ

作者: sysyy 时间: 2007-7-28 23:38
赞

作者: tangzimo 时间: 2007-8-24 00:52
感谢！

作者: tomatopig 时间: 2007-8-25 16:53
thank you

作者: illumination 时间: 2007-9-10 14:12

thanks

作者: duanduanzhl 时间: 2007-9-30 17:06

很好的总结~谢谢分享

作者: 大眼无神 时间: 2007-10-27 11:50
精彩～～我看看先～

作者: annappear 时间: 2007-11-1 18:39
谢啦!!

作者: nancy0801 时间: 2007-11-2 02:53
thanks a lot

作者: tantan0532 时间: 2007-11-16 11:38

天才的思维 lz一定是理工科出身

作者: savagexhd 时间: 2007-11-18 11:25

多谢楼主总结！

作者: bluenash 时间: 2007-12-1 12:28

Thank you!!~

作者: huangyh03 时间: 2007-12-8 15:10
thanks~!

作者: milky 时间: 2007-12-9 10:23
谢谢~~

作者: huangruiyan 时间: 2008-1-28 03:02

牛就一个字啊！强烈感激！！

作者: smjaney 时间: 2008-3-7 06:11

1、认为群体的特征适用于群体的每个成员

2、认为某个条件对某个结果是必要的和（或）充分的

这两条是可以归结到七宗罪的哪两条呀？

作者: fruitsalad 时间: 2008-3-9 00:49
很有用！

作者: 放下屠刀 时间: 2008-3-16 10:12

第五宗罪either-or choice，如果叫“非此即彼”,可能会比较明确地指出逻辑错误

作者: momobaobao 时间: 2008-4-16 23:42
太精炼了，不得不顶~谢谢楼大分享！

作者: ajmqbibi 时间: 2008-4-26 15:54

作者: adiv 时间: 2008-5-29 06:38
good points

作者: 赵珂爱 时间: 2008-8-18 16:22

好!

作者: xl_288 时间: 2008-8-22 05:48

多谢，明天回来上鸡汤

作者: 112378lz 时间: 2008-9-8 20:39

好东西一定要顶一个

作者: yifan326 时间: 2008-9-9 23:33

作者: sharon8674 时间: 2008-9-10 13:30

要了，谢谢lz

作者: flowerfish 时间: 2008-9-22 14:56
省略了我大量的时间，太谢谢了，CD上的好人真多啊！

作者: aliciafull 时间: 2008-9-23 01:29
很有用，thx

作者: riverzhong 时间: 2008-9-25 14:41
thank you very very much!

作者: crystalmoon 时间: 2008-10-2 21:34

总结得真好

作者: 玄得 时间: 2008-10-3 21:26

很好，谢谢

作者: MJHNIOW 时间: 2008-10-20 22:19

不错不错！谢咯

作者: 竹灭 时间: 2008-10-21 16:57
归纳得很精炼，谢谢！

作者: cyyp 时间: 2008-10-23 22:57
谢谢！祝大家好运！

作者: shirley0411 时间: 2008-10-24 21:23
大赞精炼~~!!!

作者: cristlin 时间: 2008-11-2 01:56

up!

作者: Ryan0222 时间: 2008-11-9 14:38
好贴啊，不过大家的模版都大同小异是不是会被判低分呢~

作者: alice2292 时间: 2008-11-12 12:21

我想问问

Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.” // 结论无据

这一条怎么解释呢？如果顾客的确是喜欢一站式购物，那Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores 这个结论就不是没有根据的

作者: qwerty011 时间: 2008-11-14 04:26
前人种树后人乘凉，感谢无私奉献！

作者: chushu66 时间: 2008-12-7 10:02
謝謝！！

作者: allenxiangyu 时间: 2009-2-13 19:07
经典啊!!!

作者: hejiasheng 时间: 2009-2-20 21:22
thanks

作者: pala20061287 时间: 2009-4-11 11:01
谢谢楼主了

作者: shining7485 时间: 2009-5-17 16:05

要考试了好紧张,还好有这些朋友一路相伴,真的很感谢

作者: daisy0704 时间: 2009-5-23 11:47

经典的总结!一下就理顺了思路

感谢分享

作者: foxwill 时间: 2009-6-6 10:29
mark

作者: miraere 时间: 2009-6-24 10:47
LZ总结简要易懂，牛！

作者: Yune 时间: 2009-7-1 11:44

恩~~~传说中的七宗罪啊~~

回去好好研究~~

作者: lien331222 时间: 2009-7-26 15:52

感激不盡

作者: zukais 时间: 2009-8-3 09:23
顶啊！

作者: liulu0314 时间: 2009-10-17 09:22
thanks

作者: xiaofan1016 时间: 2009-10-18 11:40
楼主谢谢了帮助很大！

作者: 漩涡鸣人 时间: 2009-10-25 20:38

谢谢楼主的经典总结。

作者: kevin_wei86 时间: 2009-11-3 20:51
谢谢分享~

作者: lzj1209 时间: 2009-11-8 01:12
大谢前辈NN！！

作者: trista816 时间: 2009-11-11 08:04
Thanks~~!

作者: wpp0601 时间: 2009-11-13 21:15
thanks

作者: wuyc 时间: 2009-11-16 12:32

作者: zqd 时间: 2009-11-16 21:06
标题: THX！！！
THX！！！

作者: violet牙牙 时间: 2009-11-19 01:19
精辟！
多谢总结~

作者: sunrains 时间: 2009-12-1 11:09
感谢分享~很有帮助~~

作者: yahoochao 时间: 2009-12-1 11:36
标题: 顶顶顶！

作者: changyou 时间: 2009-12-1 16:32
标题: 好
一战4.5，什么都没准备，裸着上的
这次要甩了所有东西拼命了！

作者: toutouda 时间: 2010-1-5 15:05
经典~~~谢谢

作者: 橘子阿布 时间: 2010-1-9 11:43
非常的感谢啊！！
虽然其它也很烂，但是作文一直都是我最怕的部分。。。模考一次，居然什么都写不出来。。。被自己吓到
谢谢楼主提供这么好的记忆方法！！

作者: 雪村村长 时间: 2010-1-10 22:21
谢谢，确实很好记了~

作者: eddycheng 时间: 2010-2-23 09:48
好好好。学习了

作者: iweoiweo 时间: 2010-2-23 19:43
强人阿

作者: coolhaoming 时间: 2010-2-24 17:18
真的不错，看完收获很大~感觉样本不足里The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends这句话应该是论证时地全等的，不知大家有何看法？还有样本不足和可疑调查有相同之处，因为都是论据不强有力

作者: 文心雕龙6417 时间: 2010-2-27 12:19
太有用啦~~~~

作者: 花信 时间: 2010-4-8 12:56
O(∩_∩)O谢谢哦

作者: aprilmeng 时间: 2010-5-4 19:14
飘过。。。

作者: jodie2010 时间: 2010-5-7 21:32
学习了！

作者: 疯狂的背叛 时间: 2010-5-11 22:28
真的是好东西啊真是谢谢楼楼了 (*^__^*) 嘻嘻……

作者: 糖奔奔 时间: 2010-5-15 21:52
简明扼要的方法谢啦~

作者: vashzz 时间: 2010-5-19 14:03
谢楼主

作者: 柒小鱼 时间: 2010-5-26 23:43
非常好用~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

作者: lovepiao 时间: 2010-5-30 19:45
谢谢LZ~~~学习中！

作者: cclovekg 时间: 2010-6-28 15:46
精辟，佩服

作者: jupare2000 时间: 2010-7-8 23:07
谢谢楼主

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