为了方便手上没有11版OG的朋友对此题的分析，现将OG的原题与分析一并给出。希望大家帮帮忙，实在是混惑很就了！
Networks of blood vessels in bats' wings serve only to disperse heat generated in flight. This heat is generated only because bats flap their wings. Thus paleontologists' recent discovery that the winged dinosaur Sandactylus had similar networks of blood vessels in the skin of its wings provides evidence for the hypothesis that Sandactylus flew by flapping its wings, not just by gliding.
89. The argument in the passage relies on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Sandactylus would not have had networks of blood vessels in the skin of its wings if these networks were of no use to Sandactylus.
(B) All creatures that fly by flapping their wings have networks of blood vessels in the skin of their wings.
(C) Winged dinosaurs that flapped their wings in flight would have been able to fly more effectively than winged dinosaurs that could only glide.
(D) If Sandactylus flew by flapping its wings, then paleontologists would certainly be able to find some evidence that it did so.
(E) Heat generated by Sandactylus in flapping its wings in flight could not have been dispersed by anything other than the blood vessels in its wings.
Argument Construction
Situation The network of blood vessels in bats' wings is compared with a similar structure in the wings of the dinosaur Sandactylus to explain how the dinosaur flew. (The same as the previous item.)
Reasoning What assumption does this argument make? The networks of blood vessels in the wings of bats are shown to have a purpose: to disperse the heat generated by wing-flapping flight.
In proposing that a similar structure had a similar purpose in Sandactylus, the argument assumes that the network of blood vessels found in the dinosaur wings had a purpose.
A Correct. This statement properly identifies the assumption that underlies the argument: there was a purpose for the network of blood vessels found in the wings of Sandactylus.
B This statement is too broad to be assumed; the comparison between bats and Sandactylus cannot be extended to all flying creatures.
C No conclusion is drawn about the efficiency of flight, so this point is not assumed.
D The argument does not assume that evidence is certain to be found.
E Since this point is not addressed in the argument, it cannotbe assumed.
The correct answer is A.
尤其是E选项，请大家关注一下！
拜托
难道本题的E选项不是排除他因吗？
这种问法及答案的给出方式应该怎么总结呢？很容易混淆啊
那位好心人可以总结一下本题的套路及相似易混选项的区别。
比如E的说法不是我们通常做排除他因的典型说法吗？
为什么在这里却行不通呢？
E选项说the blood vessels in its wings是disperse heat的唯一途径，并不能说明一定会generate heat，即并不一定是flapping its wings in flight
只有A选项，只要有blood vessels，就会被用到。
明白啦，谢谢！
谢谢FlowerJay
这种类型的题我总错，现在明白自己的问题在哪了!
谢谢你的回答。
现在再看怎么又糊涂了呢？
(E) 说S龙拍打翅膀所产生的热只能由血管来散发. 其前提是S龙的确靠拍打翅膀飞, 但在这里我们都还不确定S龙是否是拍打翅膀飞行.所以这个假设要想成立就还需要另外的假设.
不知道讲明白没有~!!
NN们认可这个观点吗
这道题目的前提是: S龙和BAT有相似的血管系统,
结论是: 因为BAT用拍打翅膀飞, S龙也用拍打翅膀飞.
还有这段话
今天再看这道题有了新的思路，望NN们指点！
主要来自于inspiration of the following words :
Situation The network of blood vessels in bats' wings is compared with a similar structure in the wings of the dinosaur Sandactylus to explain how the dinosaur flew.
Premise:因为BAT的翅膀里有唯一支持它飞行时散热的NETWORK,
而近来的发现S的翅膀里也有这种相似的NETWORK
Conclusion: 因此,S也可以凭借此结构-NETWORK来飞行.
首先可以肯定的是原文阐述过程中使用语言的合理性及适度性.
ACCORDING TO THE LAST SEN. OF THIS PASSAGE:
S flew by flapping its wings , not just by gliding.
=è原文只是说S 可以通过此结构-NETWORK来飞行, 只是多提供了一条可以FLEW 的方式,而并没有说此方式是使它FLEW的唯一方式,
=è因此,选项E再次验证了怎样用无关选项的唯一性来排除干扰选项.
MEANWHILE, 我们同样可以因此而确定A为什么正确.
=è正是因为近来的发现多提供了一条可以FLEW 的方式,REASONALLY SPEAKING ,
WHAT WE CAN CONFIRM IS ONLY TO SAY THAT:
有这样的结构(NETWORK)至少会有一定的用途. 体现了语言的合理性及适度性
正如选项A所述,正确地联系了原文的直接前提和结论,架起了有效的桥梁.
同时保持了使用语言的合理性及适度性
再次强烈感谢FlowerJay，mangzi99，MBZ，sigrid920的精彩分析！！！排名不分先后，按标准字母顺序排列！
谢谢大家！
今天再看这道题有了新的思路，望NN们指点！
=è原文只是说S 可以通过此结构-NETWORK来飞行, 只是多提供了一条可以FLEW 的方式,而并没有说此方式是使它FLEW的唯一方式,
=è因此,选项E再次验证了怎样用无关选项的唯一性来排除干扰选项.
Katie, you are a smart girl.
Just now, I was trying to find out a good way to explain it to you, and suddenly found out that you can explain better than I do.
mbz GG
见笑了，这些思路都是经你们的指点才想出来的，聪明这种事，从来不敢奢望，只希望这像蜗牛爬一样的考G之路能够到达终点。
Wahp! Kati美女的分析好深奥的说。。。 我晕了。。。 不过大致可以看出是讲的充分必要的冬冬，呵呵 PF PF
我没有硬要把E理解成无关的 choice, 我是这样理解的:
A & E are both correct (at least with my logic). If A does not exist, I would choose E for sure. But compared to A, E is too extreme. A is a better choice. Therefore, A is correct.
最近总结 OG CR 有个心得: OG CR 的解释很废啊, 照那样的思路考试稳死.... 不知道各位有没有这样的想法..
请教这题中的两个ONLY代表的是充分还是必要条件?
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