第27題的第一段
Until recently, scientists did not know of a close verte-
brate analogue to the extreme form of altruism abserved in
eusocial insects like ants and bees, whereby individuals
cooperate, sometimes even sacrificing their own oppor-
tunities to survive and reproduce, for the good of others.
However, such a vertebrate society may exist among under-
ground colonies of the highly social rodent Heterocephalus
glaber, the naked mole rat.
若理解的沒錯，not...until的翻譯是"直到~才~"
因此OG11對第165題的解釋，是說Scientists were unaware of any vertebrate species that act in the altruistic pattern typical or eusocil insect species, but recently they have determined that the naked mole rat may behave with the same that the naked mole rat may behave with the same extreme form of altruism.
也就是說，科學家過去並不知道，直到最近才了解naked mole rat是extreme form of altruism的動物。
但是對比原文，如果第一句翻譯為 "直到最近，科學家才知道有一種vertebrate 和eusocial insects 很像"，那後面再加一個However，語意上不就有點奇怪了嗎?? (然而，就是一種naked mole rat...)因為如果前面已經說了科學家已經知道，那麼語氣應該是順著下來，直接寫such a vertebrate society may exist...即可，為什麼還要加一個轉折語??還是說，是為了強調前後的對比，所以才加一個However
??
謝謝解答!!
感觉这里不是not...until句型,直接翻译就可以.
Until recently, scientists did not know of ..... 直到最近,科学家还不知道...
However... 但是,现在发现naked mole rat也是altruism的
In this place, until is a prep.,not the not...until... clause.
in this sentence, the meaning is scientists don't know this fact today
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