狒狒笔记中一题，大家来给个答案吧～～ - ChaseDream

Because incumbent members of Congress are given a great deal of attention by the news media

and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances,

incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United

(A) In the last congressional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did

(B) In the last congressional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives

(D) The support that political station action committees provide to challengers for congressional seats often compensates for the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of Congress.

(E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last congressional elections, 78 percent said that

their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection.

D答案是一位NN给的，不过我始终觉得还是应该选B，大家来讨论一下这题的答案吧

B：House of Representatives ？United States Congress is disscussed in the argument.

D：一个委员会支持challenger的同时，弥补了incumbents以额外的补贴，即说明challenger也有被支持，因此overwhelming advantanges will be undermined since it seems that the balance is set between the challengers and incumbents.

E: theme is the congress and 78% senators are equal to the "overwhelming " advantages.

Scientists now believe that artificial-hip implants, previously thought to be safe, may actually

increase the risk of cancer in recipients after about 45 years of use. Though these implants do

improve the quality of recipient’s lives, the increased risk of cancer is an unacceptable price to pay

Which of the following, if true, is the strongest counterargument to the argument above?

(A) Artificial-hip implant surgery can cause severe complications, such as infection, chronic fever, and bone degeneration, and these complications can themselves be crippling or even fatal.

(B) Almost all artificial-hip implant recipients receive their implants at an age when they are unlikely to live more than an additional 30 years.

(D) Since artificial-hip implants are not very common, banning them would cause little hardship.

(E) Although the benefits of artificial-hip implant surgery have remained substantially the same over

这题网上给的答案是C，可我觉得C不对，B才对呀，C的意思说还是会有很多cancers are fatal的呀

例3. Since 1945 there have been numerous international confrontations as tense as those that precipitated

the Second World War, and yet no large-scale conflict has resulted. To explain this, some argue that

fear of enormous destruction such as the Second War produced has had a dramatic deterrent effect.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the deterrent theory mentioned above?

(A) After the First World War, the fear of great future destruction was as intense as it was after the Second World War.

(B) Psychologists have determined that the fear of retaliation tends to temper aggressiveness among

(D) Fear of repeating the levels of destruction that the Second World War produced is as pervasive

(E) Many of the international confrontations that have occurred since 1945 have involved countries

我觉得B的毛病在于：原题的主要论点是卫冕者有advantage，B讲了卫冕者胜率高，但是未必是因为他们的advantage;

E同样有这个毛病，卫冕者说挑战者威胁不到他们，这也不能证明卫冕者就有advantage

D里面明确有了perquisites enjoyed ，也就是说advantage确实存在。

以下是引用FlowerJay在2006-10-8 3:19:00的发言：

俺来说说俺的想法，请指正：

我觉得B的毛病在于：原题的主要论点是卫冕者有advantage，B讲了卫冕者胜率高，但是未必是因为他们的advantage;

E同样有这个毛病，卫冕者说挑战者威胁不到他们，这也不能证明卫冕者就有advantage

D里面明确有了perquisites enjoyed ，也就是说advantage确实存在。

我这么理解对么？

另外两道题，俺跟楼主想得一样。。。

The congress members have more chance to see more lobbyists. Don't forget that behind the lobbyists are the wealthy companies and individuals who want the congress members to vote in their favor in the future. It sound complicated, but that is the only purpose of the lobbyists. It is obvious then, that the incumbents will get more money for their campaign. To be sure, fund raising is an important factor comtributing to the outcome of the election, right?

谢谢大家回帖，看了大家的讨论，自己又好好想了一下，现在有了点想法，欢迎继续讨论～～

例1. Because incumbent members of Congress are given a great deal of attention by the news media

and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances,

incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United

(A) In the last congressional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did

(B) In the last congressional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives who were seeking reelection won.

(D) The support that political station action committees provide to challengers for congressional seats often compensates for the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of Congress.

(E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last congressional elections, 78 percent said that their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection.

A incumbent遇到了更多的lobbyists 只是遇到，遇到以后是不是可以带来优势，不知道

B：House of Representatives ？United States Congress is discussed in the argument.

D 支持常常补偿incumbent的额外补助，有补助，有优势，与原文一致

E 很多incumbent说没有遇到威胁，只是说没有遇到严重的威胁，还是产生了一定威胁，压倒性优势是说，对手根本构不成威胁

例4. The excessive number of safety regulations that the federal government has placed on industry poses

more serious hardships for big businesses than for small ones. Since large companies do everything

on a more massive scale, they must alter more complex operations and spend much more money to

(A) Small companies are less likely than large companies to have the capital reserve for

(B) The operations of small companies frequently rely on the same technologies as the operations of

(D) Large companies typically have more of their profits invested in other business than do small

(E) Large companies are in general more likely than small companies to diversity the markets and

题目说安全条例对大公司难度更大，因为他们规模大，需要更复杂的投资和技术

A说，大公司有更多的资本储备，由此可见，这并不是一件难事了

C 原文承认安全条例是统一的，没有说对大公司不一样，只是说对于同样的条例，大公司实施起来更困难，所以不能削弱，对原结论没有影响

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-8 9:06:00的发言：

谢谢大家回帖，看了大家的讨论，自己又好好想了一下，现在有了点想法，欢迎继续讨论～～

例1. Because incumbent members of Congress are given a great deal of attention by the news media

and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances,

incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United

States Congress.

Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim above?

(A) In the last congressional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did

challengers.

(B) In the last congressional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives who were seeking reelection won.

by the news media.

(D) The support that political station action committees provide to challengers for congressional seats often compensates for the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of Congress.

(E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last congressional elections, 78 percent said that their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection.

支持：incumbents有优势

原文给出，因为：1有媒体关注 2 有额外补助所以：有优势

A incumbent遇到了更多的lobbyists 只是遇到，遇到以后是不是可以带来优势，不知道

B：House of Representatives ？United States Congress is discussed in the argument.

D 支持常常补偿incumbent的额外补助，有补助，有优势，与原文一致

E 很多incumbent说没有遇到威胁，只是说没有遇到严重的威胁，还是产生了一定威胁，压倒性优势是说，对手根本构不成威胁

所以还是选D吧

In choice D,political station action committees provide support to challengers for congressional seats and meanwhile the commitees want to set a balance to compensate the incumbent members of Congress.

So in general ,we can't find that incumbent members will have great advantages since the commitees support challengers as well.

E stands in scope of the argument ,and the santors do not feel they were threathened by challengers and more than 75% of them feel in that way . Overwheliming advantages is distinct for sure.

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-7 22:09:00的发言：

Scientists now believe that artificial-hip implants, previously thought to be safe, may actually

increase the risk of cancer in recipients after about 45 years of use. Though these implants do

improve the quality of recipient’s lives, the increased risk of cancer is an unacceptable price to pay

for these improvements. Therefore, they should be banned.

Which of the following, if true, is the strongest counterargument to the argument above?

(A) Artificial-hip implant surgery can cause severe complications, such as infection, chronic fever, and bone degeneration, and these complications can themselves be crippling or even fatal.

(B) Almost all artificial-hip implant recipients receive their implants at an age when they are unlikely to live more than an additional 30 years.

the cancers they induce are not fatal.

(D) Since artificial-hip implants are not very common, banning them would cause little hardship.

(E) Although the benefits of artificial-hip implant surgery have remained substantially the same over

the past decade, the price of the surgery has risen considerably.

这题网上给的答案是C，可我觉得C不对，B才对呀，C的意思说还是会有很多cancers are fatal的呀

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-8 9:06:00的发言：

谢谢大家回帖，看了大家的讨论，自己又好好想了一下，现在有了点想法，欢迎继续讨论～～

例1. Because incumbent members of Congress are given a great deal of attention by the news media

and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances,

incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United

States Congress.

Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim above?

(A) In the last congressional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did

challengers.

(B) In the last congressional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives who were seeking reelection won.

by the news media.

(D) The support that political station action committees provide to challengers for congressional seats often compensates for the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of Congress.

(E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last congressional elections, 78 percent said that their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection.

支持：incumbents有优势

原文给出，因为：1有媒体关注 2 有额外补助所以：有优势

A incumbent遇到了更多的lobbyists 只是遇到，遇到以后是不是可以带来优势，不知道

B：House of Representatives ？United States Congress is discussed in the argument.

D 支持常常补偿incumbent的额外补助，有补助，有优势，与原文一致

E 很多incumbent说没有遇到威胁，只是说没有遇到严重的威胁，还是产生了一定威胁，压倒性优势是说，对手根本构不成威胁

所以还是选D吧

MM, the meaning of D is the opposite of what you think. Hence D weakens the arguement.

It says that the committe is helping the challengers so that the challengers can shorten the gap against the incumbents.

A is right because it is the lobbyists who approach the congressmen, not the other way around. These lobbyists represent the wealthy group who need help from the congressmen.

说白点，议员要见说客只有一个目的：拿钱来。说客要见议员只有一个目的：钱来了，以后请多多关照送钱给你竟选连任的团体。而经费足是竟选的优势之一。

A incumbent遇到了更多的lobbyists 只是遇到，遇到以后是不是可以带来优势，不知道，incumbent见了很多lobbyists，可是lobbyists一定会给他们很多帮助么？文中没说，觉得照你说的那样，好像推的太多了

而且这题在狒狒笔记中是出现在如下两个类型的例子中的： 1桥梁 2 结论存在

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-8 10:24:00的发言：

mbz GG, 我觉得A是一定不对的哦～

而且这题在狒狒笔记中是出现在如下两个类型的例子中的： 1桥梁 2 结论存在

所以再次证明A不对吧～

不好意思，gonghao 班班，好像我在跟你抢饭碗似的。只是这两天看书看的头昏脑胀，所以来逛逛。看见了这个讨论，忍不住发发缪论

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-7 22:14:00的发言：

例3. Since 1945 there have been numerous international confrontations as tense as those that precipitated

the Second World War, and yet no large-scale conflict has resulted. To explain this, some argue that

fear of enormous destruction such as the Second War produced has had a dramatic deterrent effect.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the deterrent theory mentioned above?

(A) After the First World War, the fear of great future destruction was as intense as it was after the Second World War.

(B) Psychologists have determined that the fear of retaliation tends to temper aggressiveness among

human beings.

(D) Fear of repeating the levels of destruction that the Second World War produced is as pervasive

today as it was forty years ago.

(E) Many of the international confrontations that have occurred since 1945 have involved countries

that participated in the Second World War.

这题答案给的C，我就实在想不通了，觉得是A

we don't know what is behind the lobbyist and ETS don't need us to know what is behind lobbyist any more.

Choice A just said the santor has more chance to see the lobbyist.But we can not say the more lobbyists you met,the more support you wiil get.ETS doesn't tell us that lobbyist will take back the money and we do not know it either.

even though you met more than lobbyists than someone else ,it can't be conluded that you will get the overwhelming advantaqges than him since we have no idea how many successful cases you got after you meet so many lobbyists.

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-8 9:22:00的发言：

这里再贴最后一个和答案有出入的题，大家讨论：

例4. The excessive number of safety regulations that the federal government has placed on industry poses

more serious hardships for big businesses than for small ones. Since large companies do everything

on a more massive scale, they must alter more complex operations and spend much more money to

meet government requirements.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

(A) Small companies are less likely than large companies to have the capital reserve for

improvements.

(B) The operations of small companies frequently rely on the same technologies as the operations of

large companies.

(D) Large companies typically have more of their profits invested in other business than do small

companies.

(E) Large companies are in general more likely than small companies to diversity the markets and

products.

帖子上的答案选C，我觉得应该选A

削弱题，是要让做出结论方产生反应

题目说安全条例对大公司难度更大，因为他们规模大，需要更复杂的投资和技术

A说，大公司有更多的资本储备，由此可见，这并不是一件难事了

C 原文承认安全条例是统一的，没有说对大公司不一样，只是说对于同样的条例，大公司实施起来更困难，所以不能削弱，对原结论没有影响

欢迎讨论

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-8 10:13:00的发言：
为什么说对手也有支持者，就体现不出incumbents的优势了呢？这两者不矛盾吧，选举的双方都获得支持，只是一方多，一方少不就行了，当一方很多是就形成了压倒性优势。所以不是很理解为什么因为对手获得了支持就一定体现不出压倒，继续讨论。。。

例4. The excessive number of safety regulations that the federal government has placed on industry poses

more serious hardships for big businesses than for small ones. Since large companies do everything

on a more massive scale, they must alter more complex operations and spend much more money to

(A) Small companies are less likely than large companies to have the capital reserve for

(B) The operations of small companies frequently rely on the same technologies as the operations of

(D) Large companies typically have more of their profits invested in other business than do small

(E) Large companies are in general more likely than small companies to diversity the markets and

By the way, just google a little bit. FeiFei's answer to the first question is B. The reason why I didn't want to pick B is that it is so obvious, and it looks like the result rather than the reason.

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-8 9:22:00的发言：

这里再贴最后一个和答案有出入的题，大家讨论：

例4. The excessive number of safety regulations that the federal government has placed on industry poses

more serious hardships for big businesses than for small ones. Since large companies do everything

on a more massive scale, they must alter more complex operations and spend much more money to

meet government requirements.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?

(A) Small companies are less likely than large companies to have the capital reserve for

improvements.

(B) The operations of small companies frequently rely on the same technologies as the operations of

large companies.

(D) Large companies typically have more of their profits invested in other business than do small

companies.

(E) Large companies are in general more likely than small companies to diversity the markets and

products.

帖子上的答案选C，我觉得应该选A

削弱题，是要让做出结论方产生反应

题目说安全条例对大公司难度更大，因为他们规模大，需要更复杂的投资和技术

A说，大公司有更多的资本储备，由此可见，这并不是一件难事了

C 原文承认安全条例是统一的，没有说对大公司不一样，只是说对于同样的条例，大公司实施起来更困难，所以不能削弱，对原结论没有影响

欢迎讨论

advantages means A has something useful that doesn't belong to B.At that time ,A has an advantage but B hasn't.

So,when the commitees support A and meanwhile support B in another way,compensating B for subsidy ,the advantage for B disappear.

Advantage is a result of comparison.For sure B got the support from the commitees but so did A.hence ,the overwhelming advantages never comes to be ture and such choice take issue with the argument but support it.

例1. Because incumbent members of Congress are given a great deal of attention by the news media

and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances,

incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United

(A) In the last congressional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did

(B) In the last congressional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives who were seeking reelection won.

(D) The support that political station action committees provide to challengers for congressional seats often compensates for the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of Congress.

(E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last congressional elections, 78 percent said that their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection.

Congress---The national legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. 国会美国的立法机构，包括参议院和众议院

以下是引用xiaowan在2006-10-8 22:55:00的发言：

例1. Because incumbent members of Congress are given a great deal of attention by the news media

and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances,

incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United

States Congress.

Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim above?

(A) In the last congressional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did

challengers.

(B) In the last congressional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives who were seeking reelection won.

by the news media.

(D) The support that political station action committees provide to challengers for congressional seats often compensates for the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of Congress.

(E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last congressional elections, 78 percent said that their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection.

支持：incumbents有优势

原文给出，因为：1有媒体关注 2 有额外补助所以：有优势

Congress---The national legislative body of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. 国会美国的立法机构，包括参议院和众议院

所以答案是B没有问题了，这道题也有个了解了～

感谢mbz gg 找到了费费的答案，谢谢gonghao斑斑耐心解答～