紧急.请大家帮我看看AA,快疯了... - ChaseDream

真是糟糕,不知道是脑子已经读昏了.还是真的脑子有问题.怎么从前我看的AA都很简单,可是今天看JJ上的觉得根本做不出来.请大家帮帮忙,挑挑错......我快疯了......摸板因为没有时间也背地乱七八糟...

22. The following appeared in the editorial section of a newspaper.

“As public concern over drug abuse has increased, authorities have become more vigilant in their efforts to prevent illegal drugs from entering the country. Many drug traffickers have consequently switched from marijuana, which is bulky, or heroin, which has a market too small to justify the risk of severe punishment, to cocaine. Thus enforcement efforts have ironically resulted in an observed increase in the illegal use of cocaine.”

我怎么看来看去就只有一个问题呢??? 还不确定. 就是OBSERVED INCREASE IN ILLEGAL USE OF COCAINE和PREVENT ILLEGAL DRUG 同时发生而说它们有因果关系.

如果硬要挑,那么就是它因导致Many drug traffickers have consequently switched TO COCAINE.

请大家再帮我挑挑吧......

87. The following appeared as part of an article in a photography magazine.

“When choosing whether to work in color or in black-and-white, the photographer who wishes to be successful should keep in mind that because color photographs are more true-to-life, magazines use more color photographs than black-and-white ones, and many newspapers are also starting to use color photographs. The realism of color also accounts for the fact that most portrait studios use more color film than black-and-white film. Furthermore, there are more types of color film than black-and-white film available today. Clearly, photographers who work in color have an advantage over those who work in black-and-white.”

我看看只能看出: because color photographs are more true-to-life, magazines use more color photographs than black-and-white ones, and many newspapers are also starting to use color photographs 可能它因导致??

天啊........昏~

60. The following appeared as part of an article in a popular science magazine.

“Scientists must typically work 60 to 80 hours a week if they hope to further their careers; consequently, good and affordable all-day child care must be made available to both male and female scientists if they are to advance in their fields. Moreover, requirements for career advancement must be made more flexible so that preschool-age children can spend a significant portion of each day with a parent.”

这个有一点感觉. 但是也只找了个必要性. 两个MUST.

In the first place, this argument commits a fallacy of causal
oversimplification. The arguer assumes that an increase in the supply of
cocaine is sufficient to bring about an increase in its use. While the
supply of cocaine may be one of the contributing factors to its use, it is
insufficient. The presumption required to substantiate this view is that
drug users are not particular about which drugs they use, so that if
marijuana and heroin are not available, they will switch to whatever drug
is available--cocaine in this case. This assumption is not reasonable.
Marijuana, heroin, and cocaine are not alike in their effects on users; nor
are they alike in the manner in which they are ingested or in their
addictive properties. The view that drug users’ choice of drugs is simply
a function of supply overlooks these important differences. Besides, the
argument is self-contradictory. If it were true, as stated by the arguer,
that cocaine trafficking is both safer than the bulky marijuana and more
profitable than heroin that has a small market, this fact alone would have
motivated the drug traffickers to switch to cocaine. In this case, the
government enforcement effort should not be held accountable for the rise
in the use of cocaine.

In the second place, the arguer fails to provide the necessary information
based on which we can evaluate the comprehensive effect of the government's
action. The background of the incident is that the drug abuse has now
become ever more serious a social problem than anytime in the past. And
this is what motivated the government actions against drug trafficking in
the first place. We, therefore, can reasonably assume that before the
government took actions the abuse of all major popular drugs had been on
the trend of increase, including the use of cocaine. The newspaper
editorial, however, only mentions the observed increase in the use of
cocaine while failing to provide any information to specify the current
increase and that before the government strengthened its drug contraction
efforts. We thus cannot compare the patterns of change in this aspect
before and after the government actions in order to reach any valid
conclusion about the impact of the government actions on the use of
cocaine.

1、Assumes that color and blackwhite are mutually exclusive alternatives,but it's not the case. The either/or choice doesn't exist at all.

2、The evidence provide is insufficient to support the conclusion that working in color is necessary in order to gain on advantage.

3、the fact that more kinds of color film are available than black-and-white film accomplishes little to support the argument

4、Ignore the other factors that may be more important in determing success in photography

1、The views expressed by the arguer are conflict and insistent with each other. The logic relationship refered by "Moreover" is problematic.

2 Neglect other factors that may be helpful in the situation mentioned.such as better time management of scientist, and better allocation of time between couples so that preschool-age children can spend a significant portion of each day with a parent.....There must be alternatives to solve this problem without sacrifice of requirement on career advancement.

3 The assumption, either most of scientists in the institution have preschool-baby, or most of them are scientists couple, is gratuitous, so more evidence needed to be shown to support the suggeestions of the arguer.