不知道还有没有是因为对一个过程的另外阐述。
請問一下這一題原來的樣子是否是在in efffect 前加入which are...修飾glycerols
請各位nn解惑
In cold-water habitats, certain invertebrates and fish convert starches into complex carbohydrates called glycerols, which are in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze.
可以说对，也可以说不对。
如果which是指代前面的句子，那么ippohsu gg理解的意思应该是对的。
但是GMAT里，which不能指代前面的一个句子。所以必须改写，常见的改写结构就是这里的manufacturing分词短语表示结果。
类似的结构OG里也有不少，比如下面的setting free...
154. In 1791 Robert Carter III, one of the wealthiest plantation owners in Virginia, stunned his family, friends, and neighbors by filing a deed of emancipation, setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered his property.
(A) setting free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered
(B) setting free more than the 500 slaves legally considered as
(C) and set free more than 500 slaves, who were legally considered as
(D) and set free more than the 500 slaves who were legally considered（A）
(E) and he set free the more than 500 slaves who were legally considered as
第一次我也做错了，回头再看一遍题目然后再看看大家的讨论，觉得这到题更多的应该从逻辑关系的角度来判断C,D的区别：
C中in effect...是说invertebrate and fishes convert starches into...的过程在效果上就相当于制成他们自己的防冻液，而D中的独立句so that they manufacture...就改变了句子的意思，成了他们真的制成他们的防冻液，从逻辑上看明显不对。
还请NN点评！
同意!
不是很同意northeuro的说法.
个人理解, 此处C: in effect manufacturing their own antifreeze是现在分词做伴随结果.
语法点: -ing分词短语(划线部分逗号后面, +-ing; 句子, +-ing)
i)表伴随动作/状态/功能: 与句子谓语动作同时发生, 逻辑主语=句子主语
ii)表伴随结果(cause-effect nature of the situation),前面整个句子是原因,导致分词动作产生,无逻辑主语.
此题适用第二点, 类似OG259, 只是多了一个in effect,正好表示结果.
259. Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
(A) bringing
(B) and brings
(C) and it brings
(D) and it brought
(E) and brought
大家讨论!
in effect=effectively
Collins COLBUILD 字典，关于"effect"的第8个用法, " you add in effect to a statement or opinion that is not precisely accurate, but which you feel is a reasonable description or summury of a particular situation"
agree snowjing!
great!
So that... 一般是强调做事情的目的性：I get up expecially early this morning, so that I won't be late for school again.
但是manufacturing这里是说 'convert starches into complex carbohydrates' 这件事情达到的一个效果，是'certain invertebrates and fish' 的生理结构所决定的，他们可不知道要把淀粉转化成碳水化合物的道理啊……，能有什么目的？
in effect有实际意思，表示＂事实上＂
而Ｄ表示了没有这层意思，改变了句子意思了
动名词在这里貌似是表示解释说明，有点像Section 1, 12
In 1905 Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály began their pioneering work in ethnomusicology, traveling the back roads of
so that的用法：
一、引导目的状语从句 so that“以便，为了”，引导一个表示目的的状语从句，此时可与 in order that 换用；从句谓语中常用情态动词 may/might, can/could, should, would 等；主从句间连接紧凑，没有逗号相隔。例： 二、引导结果状语从句 so that“因此，所以”，引导一个表示结果的状语从句，此时不能与 in order that 换用；从句中谓语根据需要使用相应的时态，主从句间可有逗号相隔。 而且此题逻辑意思上是前面分句的内容既：convert starches into...产生了antifreeze的效果，是属于前面分句整句内容导致后面结果，但是应该是“无心插柳”的结果，采用分词做伴随结果是对的，如果采用so that来引导目的状语从句，感觉目的性太强了。请各位指正！
so that“以便，为了”，引导一个表示目的的状语从句，此时可与 in order that 换用；从句谓语中常用情态动词 may/might, can/could, should, would 等；主从句间连接紧凑，没有逗号相隔。例：
二、引导结果状语从句
so that“因此，所以”，引导一个表示结果的状语从句，此时不能与 in order that 换用；从句中谓语根据需要使用相应的时态，主从句间可有逗号相隔。
而且此题逻辑意思上是前面分句的内容既：convert starches into...产生了antifreeze的效果，是属于前面分句整句内容导致后面结果，但是应该是“无心插柳”的结果，采用分词做伴随结果是对的，如果采用so that来引导目的状语从句，感觉目的性太强了。请各位指正！
我想 in effect 在这里用当副词 修饰分词短语 manufacturing their antifreeze．Ｃ更乘洁．
Ｄ有点改变了句义，
In cold-water habitats, certain invertebrates and fish convert starches into complex carbohydrates called glycerols, in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze.
(A) in effect manufacturing its own antifreeze
(B) effectively manufacturing antifreeze of its own
(C) in effect manufacturing their own antifreeze
(D) so that they manufacture their own antifreeze
(E) thus the manufacture of its own antifreeze
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