77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.
Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends?
(A) Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.
(B) Commercial pilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.
(C) The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.
(D) Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.
(E) Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.
c为什么不行。取非也是weaken结论呀？even if focused on actual..., crashes will not drcrease
此题不简单哦。。。。。感觉C像是一个inference，而不是一个assumption。
不过这个题确实。。。。。。ETS相当变态啊。。。。没必要太较真，我相信就算勉强弄明白了这个题，我的逻辑能力也不至于就长进了，碰到新题还是一样挂。
我刚才又想了一下，c说focus on，但是读题，题里只是说unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time
题目没说actual flying 一定要比那2个more important ，只是不能相互compensate
所以，c assumes that nearly all trainings should be FOCUSED on actual flying, it's not necessary, right?
But, man, we have to distinguish this TINY difference in 1.5 minutes, oh, Damn it!
(D) Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.
I think C is something the argument says what we should do, it is more like a suggestion. It is more like a repeatition of the conclusion.
On the other hand, D is something the author already considered a fact to support his argument.
Hence, D is the answer.
我刚才又想了一下，c说focus on，但是读题，题里只是说unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time
题目没说actual flying 一定要比那2个more important ，只是不能相互compensate
所以，c assumes that nearly all trainings should be FOCUSED on actual flying, it's not necessary, right?
But, man, we have to distinguish this TINY difference in 1.5 minutes, oh, Damn it!
分析的很有道理！！ 这是个很好的POINT。
我刚才又想了一下，c说focus on，但是读题，题里只是说unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time
题目没说actual flying 一定要比那2个more important ，只是不能相互compensate
所以，c assumes that nearly all trainings should be FOCUSED on actual flying, it's not necessary, right?
But, man, we have to distinguish this TINY difference in 1.5 minutes, oh, Damn it!
烦死，也选错了
但没看懂jdmg大哥的自问自答
C. The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.
D. Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.
发现这两个选项的不同点在于D中联系到了pilot error，是不是因为就比c架桥多架了一石头板，直指原推理认为的关键---pilot error---事故发生的原因，就比C要好了呢？
1。5分钟。。。为什么我做feifei从来都要用40分钟/18题？而且正确率始终不降。。。。。。
我的想法是，Assumption一定要是必要条件，即原文的结论能推出选项；同时选项取反后一定能推出结论的反，而不仅仅是Weeken。
这样，如果实际飞行训练的多少不是减少飞行员错误的重要因素的话，就没必要为减少飞行员错误而调整训练计划了，因此没有选项D，就没有结论，联系的非常紧密。
而C选项里提到的是飞行事故和实际飞行训练的关系，绕过了飞行员错误，同时我们知道飞行员错误不是减少飞行事故的全部原因，而只是2／3原因。
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