48. Some anthropologists study modern-day societies of foragers in an effort to learn about our ancient ancestors who were also foragers. A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied. Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar has had considerable contact with modern, non-forager societies.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropologists' strategy?
(A) All forager societies throughout history have had a number of important features in common that are absent from other types of societies.
(B) Most ancient forager societies either dissolved or made a transition to another way of life.
(C) All anthropologists study one kind or another of modern-day society.
(D) Many anthropologists who study modern-day forager societies do not draw inferences about ancient societies on the basis of their studies.
(E) Even those modern-day forager societies that have not had significant contact with modern societies are importantly different from ancient forager societies.
Argument Evaluation
Situation Studying contemporary foraging societies in order to understand ancient foragers is flawed because forager societies are so widely varied and also because the contemporary foragers
have had so much contact with modern societies. =
Reasoning Which point weakens this argument?The argument rejects the comparison of modem-day foraging societies to ancient ones because of the variety of existing forager societies and because the modern-day foragers have been in contact with other modem cultures. What situation would support making this comparison? What if modem-day foragers remain similar to ancient
foragers because of non-changing features of foraging societies throughout history? If these are
features that are not shared with other cultures, then the argument that anthropologists cannot learn about ancient foragers by studying their modern counterparts is weakened.
答案是A,这段(黄色部分)解释实在看不懂,请高人指教,谢谢~ 还有,题干的最后一句话是什么意思呢?
题干是讲，人类学家从学习当代foraging societies 来学习他们的ancient ancestors 这种做法是不合理的，因为每一个人类学家熟悉的foraging societies都和现代群体有着紧密的联系，所以不可以用这个方法.
What situation would support making this comparison? What if modem-day foragers remain similar to ancient
foragers because of non-changing features of foraging societies throughout history? If these are
features that are not shared with other cultures, then the argument that anthropologists cannot learn about ancient foragers by studying their modern counterparts is weakened.
如果可以证明有一些特点是其他文化没有的，不会因为环境的改变而改变的， 那就不可以说学习现代foraging societies不能知道他们的ancient ancestors 。
好像理解点了~
题干是说，由于人类学家熟悉的foraging societies都是和现代群体有关的，因此通过学习当代foraging societies 来学习他们的ancient ancestors 是不合理的！
题目问weaken，那么如果可以证明foraging societies的某些特点是不会因为环境的改变而改变（也就是说，现代是古代的传承），那么题干就被削弱了。
不知道这么理解对吗？是这个意思吗？请NN们指正！
我觉得好像是游牧民族吧~~!!
楼上的GG好幽默啊~~
我想问问(B)为什么是无关呢? 我觉得是加强, 因为大部分的古代游牧民族都已经改变了他们的生活方式, 所以通过研究现代的来学习古代的方法是不可行的.
我觉得不能说是加强，因为题目中的criticism指出forager society与modern, non-forager societies.有很多联系。言下之意就是forager society的生活方式受modern, non-forager societies影响很深。
因此，如果要加强，需指出这两种不同的社会的关系及影响是可信的。
而B压根儿没提modern, non-forager societies， 只说了ancient forager societies的生活方式改变了，谁改变了没说，也许是别的部族，也许是自己把自己改变了。
所以，B起不到对“forager society are influenced by modern, non-forager societies”的加强作用，因此只能是无关
我觉得好像是游牧民族吧~~!!
楼上的GG好幽默啊~~
我想问问(B)为什么是无关呢? 我觉得是加强, 因为大部分的古代游牧民族都已经改变了他们的生活方式, 所以通过研究现代的来学习古代的方法是不可行的.
ancient forager societies 最终得到了怎样的下场是无关的。因为这种ancient forager societies不是address的对象，anthropologists adress的是modern forager societies（其目的是了解ancient forager societies which used to exist）。而反对者反对的是这种研究的方法(comparison)。
现在题目问如何weaken这种反对，应该就其方法的合理性进行反驳。
A 选项中的a number of important features in common反驳了critisicm提出的extremely varied观点。也就是说，即便varied，这些societies还是有一些共通的地方，证明值得研究。absent from other types of societies反驳了critisicm提出的considerable contact with modern, non-forager societies，说明的确只有在modern, forager societies上才能够找到这些共通的地方，还是证明非常有必要研究。
这道题目选出来不难，但是回过来看的时候，竟呆了很久。
ancient forager societies 最终得到了怎样的下场是无关的。因为这种ancient forager societies不是address的对象，anthropologists adress的是modern forager societies（其目的是了解ancient forager societies which used to exist）。而反对者反对的是这种研究的方法(comparison)。
现在题目问如何weaken这种反对，应该就其方法的合理性进行反驳。
A 选项中的a number of important features in common反驳了critisicm提出的extremely varied观点。也就是说，即便varied，这些societies还是有一些共通的地方，证明值得研究。absent from other types of societies反驳了critisicm提出的considerable contact with modern, non-forager societies，说明的确只有在modern, forager societies上才能够找到这些共通的地方，还是证明非常有必要研究。
这道题目选出来不难，但是回过来看的时候，竟呆了很久。
UP！！！
Good explanations！！
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