Q40
The computer company’s present troubles are a result of technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.
A. so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.
B. so that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct
C. in that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct them
D. that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct
E. that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct them
答案D,我选E。之前有quanner MM开过帖讨论,http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=1644510&id=174037&page=1&skin=0&Star=1
独立开帖是想引出一个新考点:
在正式语体中间也能单用that-结构表示“结果”。
He must have annoyed you very much that you spoke to him like that.
=He must have annoyed you very much for you spoke to him like that.
What have I done that you should be so angry with me?
=What have I done for you to be so angry with me?
(摘自章振邦语法)
之所以找出这个语法点,是因为我觉得原文想要表达的是一种因果关系,而D中that引导的限定性定语从句改掉了原句的这层逻辑关系。以下引用我之前的讨论:
我觉得原文表达的是一个因果关系,这从A也可以看出来,翻成中文如下:
计算机公司目前的问题是技术停滞,营销错误和管理缺陷综合作用的结果,因此几次试图改变公司策略的努力都失败了。
D是定语从句修饰troubles,没有表达出因果关系,我觉得是不是可以和楼上MM说的那样,把that理解为连词表示结果呢?其实这题要是改成so that就不会有这么多争议了。
其实E的that就相当于so that的意思,既然语法上也允许单独用that来表达结果,那为什么不选择一个逻辑关系更好的E呢?D中的that离troubles那么远,连修饰对象都有不清楚的嫌疑,而且逻辑关系也不准确。因此我支持本题答案为E,希望大家能够多多讨论!
我觉得原文表达的是一个因果关系,这从A也可以看出来,翻成中文如下:
计算机公司目前的问题是技术停滞,营销错误和管理缺陷综合作用的结果,因此几次试图改变公司策略的努力都失败了。
D是定语从句修饰troubles,没有表达出因果关系,我觉得是不是可以和楼上MM说的那样,把that理解为连词表示结果呢?其实这题要是改成so that就不会有这么多争议了。
其实E的that就相当于so that的意思,既然语法上也允许单独用that来表达结果,那为什么不选择一个逻辑关系更好的E呢?D中的that离troubles那么远,连修饰对象都有不清楚的嫌疑,而且逻辑关系也不准确。因此我支持本题答案为E,希望大家能够多多讨论!
不能同意,原句逻辑意思本来就是错误的,如果错误的逻辑意思我们就不应该一味遵循而应该改正。我认为是错误的一个原因就是你的翻译,"因此几次试图改变公司策略的努力都失败了。" 那"correct it"...it 指谁呢?你没有翻译出来啊.其实不是你没有翻译出来,而是如果照这种因果关系根本翻译不出来.所以就舍弃这种因果关系喽 !
那么that就是引导定语从句,此时翻译为"那些试图改变公司策略的想法也没能改正技术停滞,营销错误和管理缺陷这些错误"
thanks for discussing
- "其实E的that就相当于so that的意思"
Sorry but I disagree. It's logically incorrect to use "so that". The sentence says that the company's failure is a result of a whole bunch of things THAT they fail to correct; NOT that the company's failure is a result of a whole bunch of thing SO THAT they fail to correct those things. Probably you can see it better why D is correct by substituding "that" with its equvalence "which"
The computer company’s present troubles are a result of technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders WHICH several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct.
"Which" there points at "technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders"
 lease correct me if I am wrong
同意LZ的看法!
that可以引导从句,表示一个结果;此句就是表示这个意思.
而且,从忠于原文的角度,A就是要表达so that结果的意思,只是A中有明显的代词单复数指代的错误
请指正!
古怪的题目,古怪的分析。
题目本身肯定有问题,GMAT不可能这么分析。
that是修饰managerial blunders的,不是表结果的,后面的意思是:(几次修正企业战略的努力都没能弥补的)的管理失误
讨论!
那么that就是引导定语从句,此时翻译为"那些试图改变公司策略的想法也没能改正技术停滞,营销错误和管理缺陷这些错误"
thanks for discussing
同意这种观点, 这里that从句只是为了句子结构不会头重脚轻所以移到后面了.
Q40
答案D,我选E。之前有quanner MM开过帖讨论,http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=1644510&id=174037&page=1&skin=0&Star=1
独立开帖是想引出一个新考点:
我觉得原文表达的是一个因果关系,这从A也可以看出来,翻成中文如下:
计算机公司目前的问题是技术停滞,营销错误和管理缺陷综合作用的结果,因此几次试图改变公司策略的努力都失败了。
D是定语从句修饰troubles,没有表达出因果关系,我觉得是不是可以和楼上MM说的那样,把that理解为连词表示结果呢?其实这题要是改成so that就不会有这么多争议了。
其实E的that就相当于so that的意思,既然语法上也允许单独用that来表达结果,那为什么不选择一个逻辑关系更好的E呢?D中的that离troubles那么远,连修饰对象都有不清楚的嫌疑,而且逻辑关系也不准确。因此我支持本题答案为E,希望大家能够多多讨论!
个人意见:正确选项只有D:
The computer company’s present troubles are a result of technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders
D. that在句子中的作用如红字所示,代a result,作correct的宾语. MM以A的内容来作判定的依据,但A本身是个错项,为增强迷惑性有些方面说得过去是正常的,但怎么能以A的某种正常可能来决定正确选项必须跟A一样得是怎么样的呢?这种依据是没有理由的吧.这正如我们做数学的DS一样,考察1,2条件时得分开来独立地考察,才能清晰地分析每个选项本身的合理性. MM选E的理由是"为什么不选择一个逻辑关系更好的E呢?D中的that离troubles那么远,连修饰对象都有不清楚的嫌疑,而且逻辑关系也不准确。"如上如述,MM对that的修饰对象有点误解,所以逻辑关系搞不太清.这题是OG中很典型的X of Y that...句型,that修饰对象是中心词X(即 a result).逻辑关系很清楚,只是故意把Y拉得很长,让人一下看不出整体结构而已.
that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct
that在句子中的作用如红字所示,代a result,作correct的宾语.
MM以A的内容来作判定的依据,但A本身是个错项,为增强迷惑性有些方面说得过去是正常的,但怎么能以A的某种正常可能来决定正确选项必须跟A一样得是怎么样的呢?这种依据是没有理由的吧.这正如我们做数学的DS一样,考察1,2条件时得分开来独立地考察,才能清晰地分析每个选项本身的合理性.
MM选E的理由是"为什么不选择一个逻辑关系更好的E呢?D中的that离troubles那么远,连修饰对象都有不清楚的嫌疑,而且逻辑关系也不准确。"如上如述,MM对that的修饰对象有点误解,所以逻辑关系搞不太清.这题是OG中很典型的X of Y that...句型,that修饰对象是中心词X(即 a result).逻辑关系很清楚,只是故意把Y拉得很长,让人一下看不出整体结构而已.
论坛可能有点问题,贴子内容会重复,而且无法修复,大家将就看吧,多讨论.
想了一个小时想不通头痛死了。估计又是死ETS从拿本商业评论上拿来改头换面的,正常人谁会这样说啊。
最后我还是倾向于选D,定语从句修饰result,虽然看了香香茶的分析也觉得E也很有道理,这个句子也可以说有因果关系的,不过我从朗文上看到 so that一般是可以省略that而不是so,章振邦语法我也不是特别信任,毕竟小样的ETS经常和人家背道而驰,所以保险起见如果考场上遇到这道题目我还是选D。
为什么发不了帖啊!
首先司香尉可不要把头想痛了,划不来哈!西西,本来我是准备不来讨论这个题目的,因为马上要考了,没有时间,不过觉得这样不给大家一个交代好象不太好。
楼上有位兄弟说我的分析“古怪”,看的我很汗颜啊!我一直尝试从ETS的角度去理解改错,尽量少掺杂自己的语感在里面,努力做到客观。但因为每个人对ETS的preference的理解有所不同,所以导致语法题目比逻辑和阅读都有更多的争议。对于争议题,我想说,如果对方的论证过程不能改变你的想法,那么就坚持自己的选择吧。
对于本题,楼上各位同学对于选D都有不同的见解,有的说指代"result",有的说指代"managerial blunders",还有的说指代 "technological stagnation,marketing missteps and managerial blunders",是不是由此可以得出that的指代就不是很明确呢?
另外,司MM,不知道你用的是哪本朗文字典,我手头上的这本是95版的英语版,其中关于that的解释在1493页,that3的第8点这样说的:
OK,接下来再翻到1364页关于so2(2)的解释,包括两点,我摘抄如下:
b) used to say that something happens as a result of something else: Many contestants later failed drug tests, so that the race had to be rerun.
有一点要注意的是,以上的用法常用于正式的书面体。我不知道以上内容是否能SP我的观点。不过我想考试的时候碰到这题的概率并不大,说不定真是哪位同学题目记错了。有位NN教导我说,不要在考前把过多的时间放在一个题目上,,恩,我这就看书去了。
我暂时没有更多的论据来支持我的论点,所以大家还是坚持自己的选择吧
其实MM大可不必追究这个问题,我认为GMAT里根本没有这个考点,这道题肯定是漏了个so。
说that本身其因果关系,或许在口语或短句子(一目了然)的句子中会出现。但绝不是GMAT考点。
一味地深究这类语法,没有意义啊!
其实,所有的语法点都在OG里,除此之外的都是些习惯用语,我们中国人大都不知道。像这里的关于that的MM的解释,如果成立的话,就是一种语法点了,连习惯都不算了!
最后,预祝MM考试顺利!
话说回来,MM能把语法研究到这个份上,一定已经是集大成了!肯定能考好!
支持D.
第一, 首先要确定的是这里要用that定从限定修饰stagnation, missteps and blunders. “So that”在这句里的用法不妥. 要用的话也要用correct them, them指troubles, 所以A, B不行. E中的so不能省掉.
第二, D中的correct后面没宾语, 怪怪.
Correct的宾语就是”that”, 而that所修饰的是stagnation, missteps and blunders. D中的”that”在从句中做宾语成分, 理论上讲, 可以省掉. 省掉的例子有: 1) OG9: explosion, one (that) they believe… 2) 大全454: Japan used the huge sums of capital (that) it received from the United States. 但是有不省略的情况, 主要还是看是否会产生歧义. 不省的例子有OG243: those that human can consume, 这句省了后, those更像修饰human, 意思变成”那些人”了. 再看D, 如果省了, managerial blunders several attempts to revise… 两个名词连着让人莫不到头脑.
还有个办法, 就是用介词+代词的形式来代替做宾语成分的”that”. 例子有: OG257: The direction in which the earth and the other solid plants spin, 这里direction是spin的宾语, spin应跟介词in,故选用in which, 整句= earth and the other solid plants spin in the direction. 再看我们这题, 因为correct后不用介词, 所以不能用介词+代词的形式来代替”that”. 如果改成这样就行了, technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders for which several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to provide answers. answers应跟介词for,故选用for which = corporate strategies have failed to provide answers for technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunder. 个人认为介词+代词的形式, 比做宾语成分的”that”更清楚易懂.
jandjshi真实厉害啊,能把语法学到这份上真可谓融会贯通了。羡慕!
我发现我学语法原来做对的题再做竟然又错了。当时做这个题的时候也是这么想的,今天却做不出来了,可见基础很不扎实啊。看了您的解释算是完全搞清楚了。
向jandjshi学习!
一堆牛牛
D正确, 但是that引导的定语从句修饰的是troubles, 而不是a result或者是result of 后面的介词宾语。
定语从句修饰的成分必须要有定冠词或特指成分限定。
反对楼上的,attempt在这里没有问题
当attempt为名词时
attempt to do something
attempt at (doing) something
都是可以的
搞这么玄乎干嘛,that修饰blunders,correct 的就是blunders 前面有哥们说过,great
说correct结果或者correct 什么技术滞后啊市场失策,逻辑上也讲不通嘛,OG告诉咱that就修饰前面丫词,插入语exclusive
另外也没啥因果关系或啥表结果,若有,那直接attempts fail不就结了,还搞fail to correct them 干嘛,极其ugly,也wordy
这是在讨论,考场上可千万别想这么多,除非太有才了!
见笑见笑
奇怪,我未看见过这个讨论。
D is of course the wrong answer. The word "that" doesn't have any clear referent.
从句子结构来讲,"that" modifies "managerial blunders"
但从句子原意 (logical meaning) 来讲,"that" should modify "technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders"
---The computer company’s present troubles are a result of technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it. A. so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.
A. so that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct it.
B. so that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct
C. in that several attempts at revising corporate strategies have failed to correct them
D. that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct E. that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct them.
E. that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct them.
为什么B错呢?so that比that表达更加清晰
另外,
当attempt为名词时
attempt to do something
attempt at (doing) something
我的理解是:
(A)it即可指代a result,也可指代technological stragnation,而且意思都不对。
(B)correct要加宾语。
(C)them指代不清。
(D)有个结构:A of B, C and D that这种写法that既可指A也可指D。究竟指谁呢?要通过语法避免误会。但这里语法起不到作用,理解一下句意,改变策略(revising stragegies)只能修正的是managerial blunders,而结果(a result)是不能改变的。故句子没有引起歧义,所以相比之下(D) is the best.事实上这种结构是不好的,如果有修改方法最好了,大家可以看看OG11th, 80题,很类似。但是80题可以修改,而本题没有修改办法,只能这么说了。
我看有人说that指troubles,我不同意这个说法。定从的that要紧跟修饰名词的后面,即使是为了头重脚轻这种做法,也不合原句的意思。
(E)them和that重复了。
- "其实E的that就相当于so that的意思"
Sorry but I disagree. It's logically incorrect to use "so that". The sentence says that the company's failure is a result of a whole bunch of things THAT they fail to correct; NOT that the company's failure is a result of a whole bunch of thing SO THAT they fail to correct those things. Probably you can see it better why D is correct by substituding "that" with its equvalence "which"
The computer company’s present troubles are a result of technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders WHICH several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct.
"Which" there points at "technological stagnation, marketing missteps, and managerial blunders"
 lease correct me if I am wrong
that 在这里确实就是so that的意思, 但是我不确定为什么correct不加宾语呢
agree.
依旧不懂,that是修饰troubles还是后面的三个名词???
搞了一堆,真晕,其实很简单.
这个不定时语法才刚看到.
D. that several attempts to revise corporate strategies have failed to correct
that 指代前面的三个名词,
to revise corporate strategies 修饰 attempts
correct 的宾语是 that.
这句话A不对因为it 没有指代对象
由于是前面的三个东西导致后面结果的所以it 指代哪个都不好
B中也不对 correct没有宾语
C中in that 和as a result of语意重复,而且也没有因果关系。
D中that 引导定语从句,指代前面三个并列的名词之前的a result.并且在句子中充当宾语。所以正确。
E中them多余。
注意:a of b that...这个结构that修饰a和b的优先级是一样的。a of b,c and d that 这里面that优先修饰a,但也可能修饰d,看逻辑。
ding
attempt to do sth /at doing sth
牛津上查来的
frostone 发表于 2006-6-10 00:45
- "其实E的that就相当于so that的意思" Sorry but I disagree. It's l ...
洛拉 发表于 2006-6-11 00:57
that是修饰managerial blunders的,不是表结果的,后面的意思是:(几次修正企业战略的努力都没能弥补的) ...
洛拉 发表于 2006-6-11 00:57
that是修饰managerial blunders的,不是表结果的,后面的意思是:(几次修正企业战略的努力都没能弥补的) ...
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