For many revisionist historians, Christopher Columbus has come to personify devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that has decimated native peoples of the Western Hemisphere.
A. devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that has decimated native peoples of the Western Hemisphere
B. devastation and enslavement in the name of progress by which native peoples of the Western Hemisphere have been decimated
C. devastating and enslaving in the name of progress those native peoples of the Western Hemisphere that have been decimated
D. devastating and enslaving those native peoples of the Western hemisphere which in the name of progress are decimated.
E. the devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that have decimated the native peoples of the Western Hemisphere.
这题居然没人问，答案是A，为什么E不对？我在A中找不到that修饰的对象。
多谢楼上的，我认为that从句修饰的是the devastation and enslavement而非progress,因为能够执行decimate这个动作的只能是前者，进步怎么能屠杀百姓呢？请指教！
什么理由能解释楼上的跳跃修饰呢？
【奴役和毁坏】这两个名词能杀人吗？
在屠杀西半球的民族的过程中，赋以【奴役和毁坏】以人性/格化
既然赋以“奴役和毁坏”以人格化，那么当然可以杀人啊。
另外，in the name of progress是在进步的名义下，不是在XX过程中吧，进步怎么能杀人呢？我还是不理解。
怎么没人来回答我的问题呢，郁闷
我认真的再看这道题，that从句到底可不可以跳跃修饰devastation and enslavement呢，我查看了很多前人关于跳跃修饰的讨论，发现跳跃修饰主要通过逻辑意思来判断。
以上是引用前人的话，并举例子如下：
21. With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract
如何判断are looking 修饰的是什么？是communities or lakes?这个题目是根据意思来判断，因为谓语是are looking，所以主语必然是communities，lakes逻辑不通。只能是communities而不能是Great Lakes指着其waterfront提高城市生活质量。
再来看看本题，与上面的例子是不是有异曲同工之效呢？我认为E和A有个很不同的一点是多了一个the，这就很有可能决定了that分句修饰的是the后面的东东了，再说了，如我在上面的帖子所说，能够执行decimate这个动作的不可能是progress，而只能是devastation and enslavement，所以从逻辑意思上来判断that是跳跃修饰devastation and enslavement，而因为这两个名词在一起是复合名词，所以用复数。
what's more，E中的the和其它选项相比是不是更好呢？我搜索了一下用come to signify的句子，发现大多数的句子后面都用了限定词，不用的大多数都是专有名词，人名，地名等，而这里的devastation and enslavement只是一般的名词，如果用the来限定表特指会不会好一些呢？
综上所述，我仍然坚持选择E。期待NN出现，能够和我讨论，感激不尽！
在大批杀害西半球的本土民族的名义下，赋予【奴役和毁坏】以人性化
意思是：【大批杀害西半球的本土民族】形象的生动的解释了progress
这里【奴役和毁坏】是personify的宾语
in the name of progress that has decimated native peoples of the Western Hemisphere
是一个长的要命的状语
如果您说的that从句修饰成立的
改写后就是这样：personify devastation and enslavement that have decimated the native peoples of the Western Hemisphere in the name of progress
解释是这样的：在进步的名义下，赋以『已经杀死了西半球本土民族的【奴役和毁坏】』以人性化
逻辑通吗？已经杀死了西半球本土民族的奴役和毁坏？类比一下：已经杀死了成千上万人的封建和官僚？
in the name of progress that has decimated native peoples of the Western Hemisphere
这里修饰progress，在怎么样一个进步的名义下，在一个已经杀死了很多西半球民族的所谓的进步的名义下
这里是有贬义的意思的
我感觉that是修饰devastation and enslavement，这是个复合名词，应该作为单数，比如OG60
According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.
(A) like that of earlier generations
(B) as that for earlier generations
(C) just as earlier generations did
(D) as have earlier generations
as it was of earlier generations
我再去翻翻OG，看看有没有其他例子。
E当中的那个the，我看着很不顺眼，为什么要用特指，难道还分这种奴役和毁坏和那种奴役和毁坏？
我感觉that是修饰devastation and enslavement，这是个复合名词，应该作为单数
owning and living is still a goal of a majority of young adults
耳目一新的感觉，
我是理解成了【在一个已经杀死了很多西半球民族的所谓的进步】
刚才又去翻了一下，忽然想起来A and B用什么谓语动词这还真是个我一直疑惑的老问题，
885 SEC A-24 & SEC C 24，
但是OG60的提干偏偏又自己打破了这条规律。我感觉that是修饰devastation and enslavement，这是个复合名词，应该作为单数
owning and living is still a goal of a majority of young adults
耳目一新的感觉，
我是理解成了【在一个已经杀死了很多西半球民族的所谓的进步】
别下定论啊，大家继续讨论哦，ETS有时候非常流氓的，用一些所谓的公里，然后在自己的题目里自打嘴巴的前例不是没有。
devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that has decimated
个人认为devastation 同decimate语义基本一致。 翻译出来就是毁灭+奴役“毁灭”了土人。而且跳跃修饰不常见，如果就近修饰符合逻辑意思，为什么还要去跳跃修饰？这里的progress有讽刺含义，是贬义的了，那种所谓的进步屠杀了XXX
首先感谢楼上各位的讨论。
大全注释这样解释司MM帖的第二个例子
endurance 忍耐(力), 持久(力), 耐久(性) + consistency 一致性(指比赛中的一贯如一的发挥或表现)
应为两个事物. 所以应为复数。For examples, The Apple and banana of that peddler are my favorite fruits.
According to the sentence, "endurance" and "consistency" here are two different meanings, therefore, you should use plural here. While as to the principle of LZM, the two nouns should tell the same things.
Does this mean the "owning and living in a freestanding house" in OG60 refer to only one thing?
我是理解成了【在一个已经杀死了很多西半球民族的所谓的进步】
一种对进步的贬义
恩，我刚才又去翻了翻字典：有这样一个例句
in the name of religion/freedom/science etc
using religion, freedom etc as the reason why something is done - used especially when you disapprove of what someone is doing
例如：cruel experiments on animals carried out in the name of science
那么可以不可以说science that kills a lot of animals呢？如果可以的话，我觉得progress that has decimated也可以成立。
对于抽象性名词时候是符合名词的判断太过牵强了
很难说和在一起是一个意思还是两个意思
所以我一般看到and总认为是复数的
是这样的话，如果选E的话，大家对这个特指有什么意见？
是不是如果有限制性修饰成分that has decimated， the可以特指限制性定语从句所表示的对象
首先感谢楼上各位的讨论。
大全注释这样解释司MM帖的第二个例子
endurance 忍耐(力), 持久(力), 耐久(性) + consistency 一致性(指比赛中的一贯如一的发挥或表现)
应为两个事物. 所以应为复数。For examples, The Apple and banana of that peddler are my favorite fruits.
According to the sentence, "endurance" and "consistency" here are two different meanings, therefore, you should use plural here. While as to the principle of LZM, the two nouns should tell the same things.
Does this mean the "owning and living in a freestanding house" in OG60 refer to only one thing?
leigh你这句话是什么意思，我不是很明白。
你看司MM的两个例子：
OG60，According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, like that of earlier generations.
(A) like that of earlier generations
(B) as that for earlier generations
(C) just as earlier generations did
(D) as have earlier generations
(E) as it was of earlier generations
SEC C 24. The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as “The Iron Horse,” are legendary.
(A) The endurance and consistency of baseball star Lou Gehrig, known as “The Iron Horse,” are legendary.
(B) The endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, a baseball star know as “The Iron Horse,” is legendary.
(C) Known as “The Iron Horse,” the endurance and consistency of Lou Gehrig, the baseball star, is legendary.
(D) The reason baseball star Lou Gehrig is known as “The Iron Horse” is because of his legendary endurance and consistency.
(E) Known as “The Iron Horse,” baseball star Lou Gehrig’s endurance and consistency are legendary.
以上两题的动作发出者不都是单数的个人吗，但前者是单数，后者是复数。
是这样的话，如果选E的话，大家对这个特指有什么意见？
是不是如果有限制性修饰成分that has decimated， the可以特指限制性定语从句所表示的对象
我也有此类问题。
再说我之前的那个例子：
21. With its plan to develop seven and a half acres of shore land, Cleveland is but one of a large number of communities on the Great Lakes that
is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract new businesses.
(A) is looking to its waterfront as a way to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(B) is looking at its waterfront to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(C) are looking to their waterfronts to improve the quality of urban life and attract
(D) are looking to its waterfront as a way of improving the quality of urban life and attracting
(E) are looking at their waterfronts as a way they can improve the quality of urban life and attract
有前辈提出
这个相信大家都是同意的，但我们这里现在少了个only，只有the，不知道是否能够表示特指限定性修饰成分的对象呢？
？？我记得在菜鸟手册里面有这样的说法，难道偶记错了？？？？但是这种说法并没有同那两个例子相悖。
关于司提出来的两个例子。
第一个因为后面是单数：a goal。单对单
第二个是复数？你肯定？我觉得应该是单数is啊。只有一个冠词
我刚才去把那个帖子翻出来了。
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&replyid=149032&id=21028&page=1&skin=0&Star=4
有人这么回答。
(A) that the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo was earning
(B) that the elephant, giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, had been earning
(C) that there was an elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo, and it earned
(D) the elephant that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and was earning
(E) the elephant giving rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo and that it earned
Choice A, the best answer, uses the idiomatic construction noted... that
and clearly focuses on the salient information-- a comparison of annual earnings. A,比较的是收入。In B, the structure of noted... that the elephant, giving rides ..., had been earning falsely implies that the reader already knows about the elephant--that is, that the existence of this particular elephant is not new information. ( B的the elephant无限制性修饰成分，the只能特指前面的东西。看上去就好像前面已经提到过这只大象，读者应该已经知道这只大象。而A有限制性修饰成分that gave rides to children at the Whipsnade Zoo ，所以A没有B的问题，A的the可以特指限制性定语从句所表示的对象)
刚才找出这道题目，那么有限制性成分应该就可以加the了吧。
嘿嘿，大家一起讨论的力量就是大啊。
司MM，那你现在对这个题目的看法是怎样，总结一下吧。通过这个题目我们已经引申到很多语法点了，收获不小
我现在对这个题目已经没有看法了，脑子里似乎是一团糨糊
要自己总结啦。
我说说我的思路，
1)现在我还不能确认that has decimated到底是不是修饰devastation and enslavement，就我那浅薄的大脑联想，比如说教会在宗教的名义下进行了杀害哥白尼的火刑。虽然好像也可以说教会进行了火刑在宗教的名义下，是宗教杀害了哥白尼。我个人比较喜欢前面一种说法，因为你不赞成的是火刑，还披了宗教的一层皮；但是不是不赞成宗教。
2）两个用and连接的名词多数还是应该用复数，OG60大概是ETS抽风，到现在我已经只好当作忽略不计。希望有NN来解答我这个已经很多时候的疑惑。
3）the可以特指限制性定语从句所表示的对象
leigh教训的极是，我就是太懒了，不愿意总结。
这个题目到现在看来，我仍然不敢确定答案，虽然内心依旧偏向我最初的选择E。
E中因为有the，可以特指限定性定语从句所表示的对象，所以单就这个选项而言，that跳跃修饰devastation and enslavment是可以接受的，那么由and连接的两个复合名词自然可以用复数的谓语。问题的关键转变为，到底有没有必要让that来跳跃修饰，也就是说，that修饰progress是不是会引起歧义说不过去？如果从意思上来讲，that修饰progress不会有任何问题，那么又何必大费周章把句子原意改掉呢？
很多同学表明这里的progress是贬义的，有点“以所谓的进步杀害人民”的意思。杀害人民是在进步的名义下，被谁杀害的呢？是devastation and enslavement在进步的名义下杀害的，而且这种devastation and enslavement被personify了。既然被personify，那就可以作为杀人的罪魁祸首了吧。
我曾经试图搜索这个句子的原文出处，发现是来自于New York Times，前半句有，后半句的限定性定语从句是加上去的。也许我应该把整篇文章都看完，再来说屠杀人民的是progress还是devastation and enslavement比较好一些。
另外,对于司MM在楼上说的关于宗教，教会和哥白尼的东东很佩服：逻辑好强啊！同时一并感谢所有回帖讨论的同学们，讨论，让我们进步
我认为 A 中没使用 “the”is the key word,此处不应使用“特指“，should是泛指-所有的devastation and enslavement ，
此一点，即可排除E.
another point:
in A,我认为 "that has decimated native peoples of the Western Hemisphere" modify "the name of progress". 贬义--progress, of course, can kill people.
跳跃修饰 in "E" is easy to be confused.
我是不是想的太复杂了？为什么process进步就可以杀人？
我总觉得要是说恐怖分子在上帝的名义下杀了多少人是可以的，可是我要是加个定语从句说上帝杀的，那还不得多少人扔我臭鸡蛋。
司香尉, 是想的太复杂了..
procees can do many things - including killing peoples, making progress, ...
这个题目我看来看去还是不能同意A，如果考试碰到了，就当是测试题吧。
刚刚搜索了一下，原来那边04年就有讨论了，而老外的网站去年也有讨论。
http://www.sentencecorrection.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=1772
for your reference.
呵呵，最后就看到两个老外在那里互相吹捧嘛。However,香香茶，I am still side with answer (E).
有个帖子这点写的满好：
(A) presents a problem with its intent. It starts that
Columbus personifies "devastation and enslavement", this is a little broad. The sentence needs to narrow the scope of what Columbus personifies, (E) makes this assertion more specific.
恩，看来这道题目讨论到这里差不多了。真是羡慕以前大N云集的年代啊~
我把标题改回正常的，西西。
个人意见:E:the devastation and enslavement in the name of progress that
have decimated the native peoples 暗示有别的devastation and enslavement 是不杀人(贬义)的,即是中性或褒义的,而现实在不可能有存在那种中性或褒义的devastation and enslavement ,所以在逻辑上意思错,这种情况在OG中很多例句,例如那道两个星球相撞的题,司MM可以找那里面OG对错项的解释看看.A说 progress that has在逻辑意思上可行,因为还可能存在其他的progress是不杀人的(progress本身是中性词.)
这题首先是考语法(定语从句的正确使用,排除BCD),然后在前者的基础上正确选择定语从句的修饰对象,避免产生逻辑意思错误(排除E),是道很好的题.
找到了原话,好象还是选A呢 In the furious debate that hasanticipated the anniversary, Columbus fans have been almostdrowned out by the rising voices of more native Americans andothers for whom he has come to personify devastation andenslavement in the name of progress.
http://www.millersville.edu/~columbus/data/art/GOLDEN01.ART
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