标题: [分享]AWA总结（分类，模板，素材）（2） [打印本页] 作者: IORIYAGAMI 时间: 2003-9-27 15:25 标题: [分享]AWA总结（分类，模板，素材）（2） 二、模板 （Issue部分） 山峰斑竹的建议（anchoret整理）： A.若时间比较充足： 1 write more words, say >400 words( that may ensure you the score of 4.5) 2 Write in 5-6 paragraphs to make the frame clearer; 3 prepare yourself with several templates. B.若时间不太够的话： 1. At least go over the above-listed topics and make sure you grasp what they say; 2. Summarize your own template, one for AA, the other for AI; (If your time is indeed limited, use the template here listed) 3. At least mock-write 4 essays each for both AA and AI; 4. while do mock exams, do include AWA, at least for one exam, to make the feeling more authentic; 5. release yourself and tell youself:"I am sure to make it!" Anchoret斑竹的建议： 1、不要照抄别人的模版，要写出适合自己的模版。（照抄可能会影响分数） 2、模版有非常之多，自己在模版篇（我精选了7套高分模版）中好好翻一翻一定会受益非浅。不过关键是要整理出适合自己的模版。如果自己阐述能力较弱，多用废话模版；反之，则尽量用简洁的模版。 3、不要把孙远的提纲当作教条，如果自己想法和其不符的话，完全可以按照自己的观点去写（试想写自己都认为不对的内容会有多痛苦，多没有说服力）；孙远的书当作参照就可以了。 4、平时多写写，对你的帮助要比仅仅看要大得多，千万不能有惰性。写15-20篇就差不多了。不过题目要多想几遍。 5、不建议看kaplan 2003中作文的题目和范文（一来题目并非真题，二来范文结构并不合理）。 6、关于字数，建议A4纸打印（word默认设置下）超过1/2（少于会让人感觉没水平），但不要多于2/3（多于会让看的人会很suffer）。平时练习时就应注意字数（大约在pp3下多少行就差不多了） 7、观点不要过于极端（万一看的人与你观点相左……）。 8、段落之间要空一行。（一来打印出来结构较清晰，二来让人感觉字数比较多） [推荐]今年AWA出题统计 注意：题号以孙远宝典中题号为准。括号后的数字表示出现的次数 2003年3月初至2003年4月15日AWA频率统计 AI：12，9，72，78，24（3），38，31，39，21（2），57，75，62，32（2），121，36，87，72，112，11（2），29，31，60，29，16，107，132 AA：14（2），6（3）， 61（3），108（2），52（2），25，13，64，8，83，2，43，105，31，28（2），39，72，55，44，1，10，120
截至2002年11月20日的AWA频率统计（山峰提供） AI: 2(2), 3(3), 9(3), 10, 11, 12(2), 13(2), 16(3), 18(3), 21(5), 24(6), 25(5), 27, 29(5), 31(5), 32(6), 33, 34(6), 36(3), 37(6), 38(5), 39(5), 40(3), 45(4), 46, 57(10), 60(3), 62(4), 65(6), 68(3), 72(5), 75(6), 78(3), 81(5), 87(4), 107(3), 108, 109(7), 111(2), 112(5), 113, 129(3), 130(4), 131(3), 132(5), 133 AA: 1(3), 2(6), 6(4), 8(3), 9(4), 10(4), 11(3), 12(4), 13(6), 14(2), 16(2), 17(4), 28(6), 31(4), 32(5), 34(5), 38(7), 39(4), 40(4), 43(7), 44, 46(4), 47(3), 52(6), 55(4), 56, 61(4), 62(3), 63, 64(3), 65, 68(2), 69, 72(2), 83(4), 86(3), 88, 102, 105(3), 108(5), 110(4), 112(6), 114, 116, 119, 120(3), 123(3), 124(4), 125(7), 131 Template 1 The issue of whether...is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their respective angles. On the one hand, as is well-known and has often been advocated, ...; on the other hand, others probably insist that.... We do not have to look very far to see the valid standpoint of this matter. In the following analysis, I would like to reason and provide evidence favoring the former one and refuting the latter one. (The complex nature of the above issue requires us to consider it on a case-by-case basis. In my point of view, whether one has advantages over the other depends on the specific circumstances.) In the first place, the important reason that can be presented to develop my position is that.... A good example may be found in the case that.... Under this circumstance/therefore, it is obvious that.... In addition, there is another reason for me to choose the former statement/consider the latter statement to be wrong. The reason is not far to seek:.... To illustrate, a case in point in this respect is that.... Admittedly, there is no denying that...in some conditions. As we know, .... However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to.... (When...of X and Y are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is obvious. To sum up, while...may be true in exceptional cases, I agree that....) Consequently, I advocate that..., because: (1) ...; (2) .... Due to the above-mentioned reasons, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion I support. Template 2 Template 1) Introductory Paragraph (2-4 sentences) Make sure to keep your introductory paragraph concise, strong and effective. What the introductory paragraph should accomplish: · Explain the issue (briefly). · Show that you understand the full complexities of the issue (for example, by recognizing competing interests or various factors). · State your position on the issue (without the details yet). Sample template for introductory paragraph (2 sentences): a) Whether ________________________ depends on _____________________. b) (insert your opinion), __________________________. 2) First Body Paragraph (3-5 sentences) Begin to develop your position with your most important reason. Use one or two examples to back up your main point: a) The chief reason for my view is ___________________________________. b) For example, ____________________________________. c) Moreover, ______________________________. d) Finally, ________________________. 3) Second Body Paragraph Expand your position with a "secondary" reason. Support your rationale further with at least one example. · State your second reason (one only). · Provide rationale and/or evidence to support it. Here's a sample template for the second body paragraph that accomplishes these objectives: a) Another reason for my view is_____________________________. b) Specifically,________________. c) The result is,__________________.
4) Optional Third Body Paragraph In this paragraph (optional) you acknowledge a competing viewpoint or counter-argument (and rationale and/or examples that support it), and then provide rebuttals to further support your position. In this paragraph you walk a tightrope, you must acknowledge the counter-argument, but yet deny it immediately in the next sentence and use that denial to strengthen your own argument. · Acknowledge a different viewpoint or a counter-argument. · Provide rationale and/or examples that support it. · Provide a rebuttal. Here's a sample template for the third body paragraph that accomplishes the objectives indicated above: a) Some might argue,_____________________________. b) Yet,____________________ c) Others might cite, __________________. d) However,_____________________. 5) Conclusion Paragraph In this paragraph you write a summary of your position in 1 to 3 sentences: · State the thrust of your position. · Restate the main points from the body of your essay. The concluding paragraph is not the place for new information or reasons. It is not a place to draw new conclusions. a) In sum, I concur that ________________________.
b) However,_________________; on the whole______________. Template 3 The issue of whether… is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their respective angles. In my opinion, however, I agree that … do not agree that…. My view will be greatly confirmed by the following discussion. The first argument that can be presented to develop my position is that … A good example may be found in the case that… Under this circumstance/ therefore, it is obvious that… In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. / consider this statement to be wrong. The reason is not far to seek:… To illustrate, let us consider that … Hence, another equally important aspect is that… Admittedly, it may be true that… in some conditions. However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to …, When the advantage and disadvantage of X and Y are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is obvious. Consequently, due to the above-mentioned reasons, which sometimes intertwine to FORM an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that…, because… Template 4 Introductory Paragraph (2-4 sentences) Try to accomplish three goals in your introductory paragraph: · Briefly restate the argument. · Briefly trace the argument's line of reasoning. · Indicate the extent to which the argument is logically convincing. · If possible, sum up your arguments in one sentence (or two brief sentences). Here's a sample template for the first paragraph that accomplishes these goals: The author concludes that____________, because ________. The author's line of reasoning is that ______________. This argument is unconvincing for several reasons; it is____________ and it uses _____________. First Body Paragraph (3-5 sentences) In the first body paragraph your goal is to critique one of the following: · The reasoning of the argument · One of the premises of the argument · One of the assumptions of the argument Here's a sample template for this paragraph that accomplishes this goal: First of all, ____________________________ is based upon the questionable assumption ________________________________. That _______________, however, _________________. Moreover, ________________________. Second Body Paragraph (3-4 sentences) The purpose of the second paragraph is to address one of the following: · The reasoning of the argument · One of the premises of the argument · One of the assumptions of the argument Here's a sample template for this paragraph that accomplishes this goal: Secondly, the author assumes that_________________________. However, __________________________. It seems equally reasonable to assume that ____________________. Third (and optional Fourth) Body Paragraph In this paragraph your goal is to critique one of the following: · The reasoning of the argument · One of the premises of the argument · One of the assumptions of the argument Here's a sample template for this paragraph that accomplishes this goal: Finally, _______________________________________. The author fails to consider __________________________________. For example, __________________. Because the author's argument _________________. Final Paragraph (2-3 sentences) In the final paragraph your goals are to: · Summarize your critique of the argument · State the main point of your essay The final paragraph is not the placer to introduce new arguments or issues. Sample template: In sum, I agree that______________________. However, ____________________; on balance, _____________________. Template 5 开头段： 第一句话(两厢比较型中则是第一组话)： A.单一观点型(看场合不同选择一个) 1.As is well-known and has often been described, ... 2.It is traditionally a common practice for... B.两厢比较型 There is much debate over the issue that... Some people believe that... Others, however, maintain that... 第二句话： A.单一观点（简称单） 1.支持：In my point of view, I agree with the speaker and there are many instances supporting my view. 2.反对：In my point of view, I do not agree with the opinion stated above for some obvious reasons. B.两厢比较（简称两） In my point of view, whether one has advantages over the other depends on the specific circumstances. 第二段： In the first place, the reason why I have such a view is that... A particular example for this is ... Under this circumstance, it is obvious that... 第三段： In the second place, much evidence has shown that ... Just imagine what would be like if... Hence, another equally important aspect is that... 第四段： Finally, to understand the truth of ..., it is also necessary to see... For example, ... 总结段： Consequently, due to the above-mentioned reasons, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that...
Template 6 Recently there is a debate over whether….Different people hold different views because of their distinct background. Some people assert that…, while other peop le believe that….As a matter of fact, the issue of whether…is a complex and con troversial one. Therefore there is not a universal answer, and whether one choice takes precedence over the other depends on specific situation. Actually the fina l judgment should rely on a case-by-case analysis. As far as I am concerned, I ag ree that, and do not agree that. My view can be greatly substantiated by the foll owing discussions. In the first place, the important reason that can be presented to develop my pos ition is that…… A good example may be found in the case that…… Under this cir cumstance, it is obvious that…. In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. The reason is not so far to seek…… To illustrate, let us consider that ……Hence another equally important aspect is that…… Admittedly, it may be true that …… , in some conditions. However, this alone d oes not constitute a sufficient support to claim that……Actually, these cases ar e rare and therefore are too specific and too weak to strengthen the view that…. . When the advantages and disadvantages of X and Y are carefully examined, the mo st striking conclusion is obvious that…… To sum up, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with ea ch other to generate an integral whole and thus become more convincing than any s ingle one of them, we may be comfortable to say that……, because …… 其他段落： 通过挣钱来实现的目的： Making money is not an end in or of itself, but rather a means of obtaining mate rial goods and services and of attaining other important goals, such as providing securities for oneself and one’s family, lifelong learning, freedom to travel o r the pursuit of hobbies. 挣钱是合理的论述： As we all know, the first thing that any one should do on earth is to sustain th e minimal material required by survivance. Without adequate profit out of investm ent, any individuals or organizations can not obtain the required minimal materia l, and therefore cannot make a living. Furthermore, in the economic and fiercely competitive world, individuals and org anizations cannot be satisfied with what they have already achieved. To survive b etter, they have to strive for further success, for great development, and hence for greater profit.
人的其他动机： Human motivations are far too complex. Many of our daily decision rest on love s ympathy, humanity and other things. 企业与社区的关系： A business enters to an implied contract with the community in which it operates , under which the community permits the business to do business in it while the b usiness implicitly promises to benefit the community rather than do harm to it. In pursuit of profits, a business can indeed benefit the community in which it o perates by ways of providing jobs, low-priced products and economic growth. Issue 开头的句型： １． There Is much controversy over the Issue of…Some people claim that …while others believe that…in the last analysis I argue that… ２． The Issue of … Is a very controversial one (arouses much controversy among people with different perspectives and background). Although many people believe that …I argue that…(I debt whether the argument bears close examination). ３． Now it is widely believe that …as opposed to the commonly held view, I argue that… ４． The speaker asserts that …while I agree that…I insist that… ５． There Is much concern over the Issue of … the arguer advocate that …we do not (绿皮书65页) ６． According to the title statement…although it is commonly held that …It is unlikely be true that… Template 7 Recently there is a debate over whether …..Some people assert that.., while other people believe that…As a matter of fact, the issue of whether ….. is a complex and controversial one. Different people hold different views due to their distinct backgrounds. Therefore, there is not a universal answer to this question, and whether one choice takes precedence over the other may quite depend on the specific situation. The decision, nevertheless, is not an easy one to make. Actually, the final judgment should rely on a case-by-case analysis. As far as I am concerned, however, I agree that …. , and do not agree that….. My view can be greatly substantiated by the following discussions. The first argument that can be presented to develop my position is that… A good example may be found in the case that… Under this circumstance, it is obvious that…. In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. The reason is not far to seek…. To illustrate, let us consider that … Hence, another equally important aspect is that…. Admittedly, it may be true that …. in some conditions. However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to claim that ….,Actually, these cases are rare and therefore are too specific and too weak to strengthen the view that…When the advantages and disadvantages of x and y are carefully examined, the most striking conclusion is obvious that… To sum up, due to the above mentioned reasons, which sometimes correlate with each other to generate an integrate whole and thus become more convincing than any single one of them, we may be comfortable to say that …., because…. Template 8 The issue of whether... is a complex and controversial one. One the one hand, many people may feel that..; on the other hand, others may think that… However, in the final analysis, I conclude that …. In the following discussion, I would like to present evidences favouring the former one and refuting the latter one/to support my point of view. --- In the first place, the most important reason for my view is that 。For example/History has it that 例子 There is no better example than this to illustrate the strength /weakness of 某方. --- In addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement/consider this statement to be wrong. The reason is not far to seek:原因2。For instance, 例子2。 --- Of course, it may be true that自己观点对立方的某些长处 in some conditions . However, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to 对立方的观点。,When the advantage and disadvantage of X and Y are carefully compared, the most striking conclusion is obvious. Given the reasons discussed above, which sometimes intertwine to form an organic whole and thus become more persuasive, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that XXX 作者: swimmingirl 时间: 2004-1-5 20:13
thanks a lot!!!!
